Ma'ruf

'''Ma'ruf''' () is an Islamic term. "The term that best helps us to understand the nature of Qurʾān ethical prescriptions is maʿrūf, a word that appears repeatedly (in slightly varying forms) in the Qurʾān" and used 38 times in the Quran. The word is most often found in the Qur'anic exhortation: "''Amr bil Ma'ruf wa Nahy an al Munkar''", often translated as "Enjoin the good and forbid the wrong".

Maʿrūf and munkar are widely discussed because of the duties the Quran imposes on believers through these concepts. Maʿrūf is seen as a key word in moral understanding of the Quran, and traditional commentators oppose the association of maʿrūf with its cognate urf, "custom."

Although most common translations of the phrase is "good", the words used by Islamic philosophy in determining good and evil discourses are ''ḥusn'' and ''qubh''. In its most common usage, maʿrūf is "in accordance with the custom", while munkar, which has no place in the custom, as its opposite, singular (''nukr''). In today's religious expression, maʿrūf is sunnah (this concept was not different from custom in the beginning), munkar is meant as bid’a. (a related topic: Istihsan)

However, today, according to the meanings attributed to the term with meaning expansions that are not based on etymological connection, the word can be used as "well-known, universally accepted, ... that which is good, beneficial ...; fairness, equity, equitableness;".

Pre-modern Islamic literature describes pious Muslims (usually scholars) taking action to forbid wrong by destroying forbidden objects, particularly liquor and musical instruments. In the contemporary Muslim world, various state or parastatal bodies (often with phrases like the "Promotion of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice" in their titles) have appeared in Iran, Saudi Arabia, Nigeria, Sudan, Malaysia, etc., at various times and with various levels of power. Provided by Wikipedia