Production of Citric Acid from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches by Solid State Bioconversion using Local Aspergillus niger

Malaysia is the largest oil palm (Elaeis guianeensis) plantation country in the world and annually produce 17.08 million tons empty fruit bunches (EFB) as solid waste (Chew and Bhatia, 2008). The oil palm biomass including EFB is burnt as fuel in the boiler to produce steam for electricity generatio...

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Main Authors:	Alam, Md. Zahangir, Abdul Karim, Mohamed Ismail, Jamal, Parveen, Al-Mamun, Abdullah, Bari, Md. Niamul
Format:	Conference or Workshop Item
Language:	English
Published:	2010
Subjects:	TA170 Environmental engineering TP248.13 Biotechnology
Online Access:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/10571/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/10571/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/10571/1/C32_Md.Zahangir_Alam%2C_UIAM.pdf

id	iium-10571
recordtype	eprints
spelling	iium-105712011-12-15T07:34:19Z http://irep.iium.edu.my/10571/ Production of Citric Acid from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches by Solid State Bioconversion using Local Aspergillus niger Alam, Md. Zahangir Abdul Karim, Mohamed Ismail Jamal, Parveen Al-Mamun, Abdullah Bari, Md. Niamul TA170 Environmental engineering TP248.13 Biotechnology Malaysia is the largest oil palm (Elaeis guianeensis) plantation country in the world and annually produce 17.08 million tons empty fruit bunches (EFB) as solid waste (Chew and Bhatia, 2008). The oil palm biomass including EFB is burnt as fuel in the boiler to produce steam for electricity generation as well as processing of palm oil fruits (Nasrin et al., 2008). At present, little amount of the biomass is used in the plantation as much to provide organic nutrients to the oil palm trees (Suhaimi and Ong, 2001). However, this method is not feasible due to the exorbitant collection and transportation cost as well as difficulty in spreading uniformly over the land. The other way of disposal of EFB is burning illegally, which contributes to the air pollution (Suhaimi and Ong, 2001). Burning is now prohibited by regulations to prevent air pollution. Oil palm biomass is also being used for composite boards, pulp, paper, cushions, landscaping, etc. Nevertheless, the volume of oil palm biomass produced annually is much larger than the amount used in these processes. Therefore, the rest of the biomass poses serious disposal problems in the environment. The disposal of EFB as solid waste by open dumping in lowlands poses great environmental problems, such as soil pollution as well as water pollution, while disposal by proper sanitary landfill is considered a huge economic concern (Weng, 2005). Most of the industrial solid wastes in Malaysia are disposed off by landfill (Begum et al, 2007); whereas, dumping can itself be a problem because of scarcity of enough lowlands to be used as landfill site. 2010 Conference or Workshop Item PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/10571/1/C32_Md.Zahangir_Alam%2C_UIAM.pdf Alam, Md. Zahangir and Abdul Karim, Mohamed Ismail and Jamal, Parveen and Al-Mamun, Abdullah and Bari, Md. Niamul (2010) Production of Citric Acid from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches by Solid State Bioconversion using Local Aspergillus niger. In: National Biotechnology Seminar 2010, 24 - 26 May 2010, PWTC, Kuala Lumpur. http://www.biotek.gov.my/nbs2010/program/poster/ind/
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Local University
institution	International Islamic University Malaysia
building	IIUM Repository
collection	Online Access
language	English
topic	TA170 Environmental engineering TP248.13 Biotechnology
spellingShingle	TA170 Environmental engineering TP248.13 Biotechnology Alam, Md. Zahangir Abdul Karim, Mohamed Ismail Jamal, Parveen Al-Mamun, Abdullah Bari, Md. Niamul Production of Citric Acid from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches by Solid State Bioconversion using Local Aspergillus niger
description	Malaysia is the largest oil palm (Elaeis guianeensis) plantation country in the world and annually produce 17.08 million tons empty fruit bunches (EFB) as solid waste (Chew and Bhatia, 2008). The oil palm biomass including EFB is burnt as fuel in the boiler to produce steam for electricity generation as well as processing of palm oil fruits (Nasrin et al., 2008). At present, little amount of the biomass is used in the plantation as much to provide organic nutrients to the oil palm trees (Suhaimi and Ong, 2001). However, this method is not feasible due to the exorbitant collection and transportation cost as well as difficulty in spreading uniformly over the land. The other way of disposal of EFB is burning illegally, which contributes to the air pollution (Suhaimi and Ong, 2001). Burning is now prohibited by regulations to prevent air pollution. Oil palm biomass is also being used for composite boards, pulp, paper, cushions, landscaping, etc. Nevertheless, the volume of oil palm biomass produced annually is much larger than the amount used in these processes. Therefore, the rest of the biomass poses serious disposal problems in the environment. The disposal of EFB as solid waste by open dumping in lowlands poses great environmental problems, such as soil pollution as well as water pollution, while disposal by proper sanitary landfill is considered a huge economic concern (Weng, 2005). Most of the industrial solid wastes in Malaysia are disposed off by landfill (Begum et al, 2007); whereas, dumping can itself be a problem because of scarcity of enough lowlands to be used as landfill site.
format	Conference or Workshop Item
author	Alam, Md. Zahangir Abdul Karim, Mohamed Ismail Jamal, Parveen Al-Mamun, Abdullah Bari, Md. Niamul
author_facet	Alam, Md. Zahangir Abdul Karim, Mohamed Ismail Jamal, Parveen Al-Mamun, Abdullah Bari, Md. Niamul
author_sort	Alam, Md. Zahangir
title	Production of Citric Acid from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches by Solid State Bioconversion using Local Aspergillus niger
title_short	Production of Citric Acid from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches by Solid State Bioconversion using Local Aspergillus niger
title_full	Production of Citric Acid from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches by Solid State Bioconversion using Local Aspergillus niger
title_fullStr	Production of Citric Acid from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches by Solid State Bioconversion using Local Aspergillus niger
title_full_unstemmed	Production of Citric Acid from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches by Solid State Bioconversion using Local Aspergillus niger
title_sort	production of citric acid from oil palm empty fruit bunches by solid state bioconversion using local aspergillus niger
publishDate	2010
url	http://irep.iium.edu.my/10571/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/10571/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/10571/1/C32_Md.Zahangir_Alam%2C_UIAM.pdf
first_indexed	2023-09-18T20:19:58Z
last_indexed	2023-09-18T20:19:58Z
_version_	1777408041514172416

Production of Citric Acid from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches by Solid State Bioconversion using Local Aspergillus niger

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