Assessment of nutritional status of upper and middle class females (30 – 50 Years) in Askari XI, Rawalpindi, Punjab- Pakistan

Location and purpose of the study: This study was conducted in the Askari XI, (Eleven) Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. The purpose of this study was to compare the nutritional status of two socio-economic classes i.e. upper and middle class females using different approaches apart from body mass index...

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Main Authors:	Khattak, Muhammad Muzaffar Ali Khan, Akram, Z.
Format:	Conference or Workshop Item
Language:	English
Published:	2006
Subjects:	TX341 Nutrition. Foods and food supply
Online Access:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/1735/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/1735/1/Assessment_of_Nutritional_Status_of_Upper_and_Middle_Class_Females_%2830_%E2%80%93_50_Years%29_in_Askari_XI%2C_Rawalpindi%2C_Punjab-_Pakistan..pdf

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recordtype	eprints
spelling	iium-17352013-04-17T07:46:17Z http://irep.iium.edu.my/1735/ Assessment of nutritional status of upper and middle class females (30 – 50 Years) in Askari XI, Rawalpindi, Punjab- Pakistan Khattak, Muhammad Muzaffar Ali Khan Akram, Z. TX341 Nutrition. Foods and food supply Location and purpose of the study: This study was conducted in the Askari XI, (Eleven) Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. The purpose of this study was to compare the nutritional status of two socio-economic classes i.e. upper and middle class females using different approaches apart from body mass index (BMI). Study design: Fifty houses were randomly selected from the Scheme, 25 in each class on the basis of rank of the retired military officers. From each house a female in between the age range of 30-50 years was selected and interviewed. Materials and methods: The age and anthropometric measurements i.e. weight, height, activity levels and food intakes (for 24 hours recall) were recorded in a questionnaire. For both classes age group (30 – 40 & 41 – 50) and activity levels (light & moderate) were determined. From weight and height data BMI was calculated. The macronutrients namely protein, carbohydrate, fats and micro-nutrients namely minerals, (calcium, phosphorus and iron) and vitamins (A & C) were determined by using the Food Composition Table for Pakistan. The energy contents of the food eaten by the respondents were calculated by multiplying the daily eaten protein carbohydrates and fats with 4, 4 and 9 respectively. Body mass index and dietary intakes were used for the evaluation of the nutritional status. This was accomplished by comparing the observed BMI with the BMI ranges for nutritional status. The observed nutrients intakes data was compared with the American Dietetic Association, World Health Organization and Health Welfare Canada Nutrition Recommendation. Results: The means were compared with the aforementioned norms. In the upper class the underweight, ideal weight, over weight and obese were 4, 24, 52 and 20 percent respectively, whereas in the middle class underweight, ideal weight, over weight and obese were 0, 48, 48 and 4 percent respectively. The upper class was having lower energy intake by 40-49% and the protein intake was sufficient. When compared on the age basis, the two age groups were also having decreased energy intake by 40-46%. Similarly, on the basis of activity both light and moderate were having lower energy intake by 40-49% and the protein consumption was according to the standard. On overall basis i.e. socio-economic class, age and activity level, the respondents were having increase over reference protein and carbohydrate, while decrease over reference fat intake. Similarly, the three comparisons were applied for minerals and vitamins intakes. The respondents were having lower calcium and iron intakes by 31-34% and 39-44% respectively. The vitamin A intake was also lower by 22-43%. Conclusions: This data suggest that socioeconomic status is not the only factor causing the reduced energy and nutrients intakes. Keywords: Socio-economic class: Female; Nutritional status; Nutrients Intakes; Energy 2006 Conference or Workshop Item PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/1735/1/Assessment_of_Nutritional_Status_of_Upper_and_Middle_Class_Females_%2830_%E2%80%93_50_Years%29_in_Askari_XI%2C_Rawalpindi%2C_Punjab-_Pakistan..pdf Khattak, Muhammad Muzaffar Ali Khan and Akram, Z. (2006) Assessment of nutritional status of upper and middle class females (30 – 50 Years) in Askari XI, Rawalpindi, Punjab- Pakistan. In: National Conference on Food Science and Nutrition, 13-14th December 2006, Hyatt Regency Hotel, Kota Kinabalu.
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Local University
institution	International Islamic University Malaysia
building	IIUM Repository
collection	Online Access
language	English
topic	TX341 Nutrition. Foods and food supply
spellingShingle	TX341 Nutrition. Foods and food supply Khattak, Muhammad Muzaffar Ali Khan Akram, Z. Assessment of nutritional status of upper and middle class females (30 – 50 Years) in Askari XI, Rawalpindi, Punjab- Pakistan
description	Location and purpose of the study: This study was conducted in the Askari XI, (Eleven) Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. The purpose of this study was to compare the nutritional status of two socio-economic classes i.e. upper and middle class females using different approaches apart from body mass index (BMI). Study design: Fifty houses were randomly selected from the Scheme, 25 in each class on the basis of rank of the retired military officers. From each house a female in between the age range of 30-50 years was selected and interviewed. Materials and methods: The age and anthropometric measurements i.e. weight, height, activity levels and food intakes (for 24 hours recall) were recorded in a questionnaire. For both classes age group (30 – 40 & 41 – 50) and activity levels (light & moderate) were determined. From weight and height data BMI was calculated. The macronutrients namely protein, carbohydrate, fats and micro-nutrients namely minerals, (calcium, phosphorus and iron) and vitamins (A & C) were determined by using the Food Composition Table for Pakistan. The energy contents of the food eaten by the respondents were calculated by multiplying the daily eaten protein carbohydrates and fats with 4, 4 and 9 respectively. Body mass index and dietary intakes were used for the evaluation of the nutritional status. This was accomplished by comparing the observed BMI with the BMI ranges for nutritional status. The observed nutrients intakes data was compared with the American Dietetic Association, World Health Organization and Health Welfare Canada Nutrition Recommendation. Results: The means were compared with the aforementioned norms. In the upper class the underweight, ideal weight, over weight and obese were 4, 24, 52 and 20 percent respectively, whereas in the middle class underweight, ideal weight, over weight and obese were 0, 48, 48 and 4 percent respectively. The upper class was having lower energy intake by 40-49% and the protein intake was sufficient. When compared on the age basis, the two age groups were also having decreased energy intake by 40-46%. Similarly, on the basis of activity both light and moderate were having lower energy intake by 40-49% and the protein consumption was according to the standard. On overall basis i.e. socio-economic class, age and activity level, the respondents were having increase over reference protein and carbohydrate, while decrease over reference fat intake. Similarly, the three comparisons were applied for minerals and vitamins intakes. The respondents were having lower calcium and iron intakes by 31-34% and 39-44% respectively. The vitamin A intake was also lower by 22-43%. Conclusions: This data suggest that socioeconomic status is not the only factor causing the reduced energy and nutrients intakes. Keywords: Socio-economic class: Female; Nutritional status; Nutrients Intakes; Energy
format	Conference or Workshop Item
author	Khattak, Muhammad Muzaffar Ali Khan Akram, Z.
author_facet	Khattak, Muhammad Muzaffar Ali Khan Akram, Z.
author_sort	Khattak, Muhammad Muzaffar Ali Khan
title	Assessment of nutritional status of upper and middle class females (30 – 50 Years) in Askari XI, Rawalpindi, Punjab- Pakistan
title_short	Assessment of nutritional status of upper and middle class females (30 – 50 Years) in Askari XI, Rawalpindi, Punjab- Pakistan
title_full	Assessment of nutritional status of upper and middle class females (30 – 50 Years) in Askari XI, Rawalpindi, Punjab- Pakistan
title_fullStr	Assessment of nutritional status of upper and middle class females (30 – 50 Years) in Askari XI, Rawalpindi, Punjab- Pakistan
title_full_unstemmed	Assessment of nutritional status of upper and middle class females (30 – 50 Years) in Askari XI, Rawalpindi, Punjab- Pakistan
title_sort	assessment of nutritional status of upper and middle class females (30 – 50 years) in askari xi, rawalpindi, punjab- pakistan
publishDate	2006
url	http://irep.iium.edu.my/1735/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/1735/1/Assessment_of_Nutritional_Status_of_Upper_and_Middle_Class_Females_%2830_%E2%80%93_50_Years%29_in_Askari_XI%2C_Rawalpindi%2C_Punjab-_Pakistan..pdf
first_indexed	2023-09-18T20:09:12Z
last_indexed	2023-09-18T20:09:12Z
_version_	1777407363563651072

Assessment of nutritional status of upper and middle class females (30 – 50 Years) in Askari XI, Rawalpindi, Punjab- Pakistan

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