Emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria from coastal environment - a review

1. Introduction Antibiotic resistance in microbes is a growing issue of human health. The extraordinary ability of microbes to develop resistance to various antibiotics attracted evolutionary scientists and environmental biologists in recent years. Historically, the use of antimicrobial agents s...

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Main Authors:	Khan Chowdhury, Ahmed Jalal, John, Akbar, Yunus, Kamaruzzaman, K., Kathiresan
Format:	Book Chapter
Language:	English
Published:	InTech 2012
Subjects:	QH301 Biology
Online Access:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/23834/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/23834/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/23834/1/Emergence_of_antibiotic_resistance_bacteria_from_coastal.pdf

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recordtype	eprints
spelling	iium-238342017-12-07T04:31:03Z http://irep.iium.edu.my/23834/ Emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria from coastal environment - a review Khan Chowdhury, Ahmed Jalal John, Akbar Yunus, Kamaruzzaman K., Kathiresan QH301 Biology 1. Introduction Antibiotic resistance in microbes is a growing issue of human health. The extraordinary ability of microbes to develop resistance to various antibiotics attracted evolutionary scientists and environmental biologists in recent years. Historically, the use of antimicrobial agents started in 1904 with the discovery of Tripan red by Ehrlich and Shiga (Browning & Gulbransen, 1936). In 1929, penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming when his group found that the fungus Penicilium notatum produces a very selective inhibitor for Staphylococcus sp. Fleming’s discovery showed that not only synthetic agents like Ehrlich’s “Magic Bullet” but also a microbial product can be an effective antimicrobial drug (Hare, 1970). In 1943, Waksman started to use the word “antibiotics” when he discovered streptomycin (Wainwright, 1988). After the initial age of discovery and since the 1970s many antimicrobial agents have been developed together with the discoveries of new antibiotics. It is well documented that the evolution of antibiotic resistance in bacterial strains is a direct consequence of natural selection applied by widespread use of antibiotic drugs (Benveniste & Davies, 1973). The providential experiment by Fleming demonstrated the production of antibiotics (Penicillin) which eventually led to its large-scale production from mold Penicillium notatum in the 1940s. As early as the late 1940s resistant strains of bacteria began to appear due to their extraordinary ability in gaining resistance towards any particular antibiotics with elapsing generation (Shoemaker et al., 2001; Chopra & Roberts et al., 2001; Doern et al., 2001). In 1980 it was estimated that 3–5% of S. pneumoniae were penicillin-resistant and by 1998, 34% of the S. pneumoniae sampled were resistant to penicillin. Currently, it is estimated that more than 70% of the bacteria that cause hospitalacquired infections are resistant to at least one of the antibiotics used to treat them (NIAID, 2006). InTech 2012 Book Chapter PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/23834/1/Emergence_of_antibiotic_resistance_bacteria_from_coastal.pdf Khan Chowdhury, Ahmed Jalal and John, Akbar and Yunus, Kamaruzzaman and K., Kathiresan (2012) Emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria from coastal environment - a review. In: Antibiotic resistance bacteria: a continuous challenge in the new millennium. InTech, Rijeka, Croatia, pp. 143-158. ISBN 9789535104728 http://www.intechopen.com/books/antibiotic-resistant-bacteria-a-continuous-challenge-in-the-new-millennium
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Local University
institution	International Islamic University Malaysia
building	IIUM Repository
collection	Online Access
language	English
topic	QH301 Biology
spellingShingle	QH301 Biology Khan Chowdhury, Ahmed Jalal John, Akbar Yunus, Kamaruzzaman K., Kathiresan Emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria from coastal environment - a review
description	1. Introduction Antibiotic resistance in microbes is a growing issue of human health. The extraordinary ability of microbes to develop resistance to various antibiotics attracted evolutionary scientists and environmental biologists in recent years. Historically, the use of antimicrobial agents started in 1904 with the discovery of Tripan red by Ehrlich and Shiga (Browning & Gulbransen, 1936). In 1929, penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming when his group found that the fungus Penicilium notatum produces a very selective inhibitor for Staphylococcus sp. Fleming’s discovery showed that not only synthetic agents like Ehrlich’s “Magic Bullet” but also a microbial product can be an effective antimicrobial drug (Hare, 1970). In 1943, Waksman started to use the word “antibiotics” when he discovered streptomycin (Wainwright, 1988). After the initial age of discovery and since the 1970s many antimicrobial agents have been developed together with the discoveries of new antibiotics. It is well documented that the evolution of antibiotic resistance in bacterial strains is a direct consequence of natural selection applied by widespread use of antibiotic drugs (Benveniste & Davies, 1973). The providential experiment by Fleming demonstrated the production of antibiotics (Penicillin) which eventually led to its large-scale production from mold Penicillium notatum in the 1940s. As early as the late 1940s resistant strains of bacteria began to appear due to their extraordinary ability in gaining resistance towards any particular antibiotics with elapsing generation (Shoemaker et al., 2001; Chopra & Roberts et al., 2001; Doern et al., 2001). In 1980 it was estimated that 3–5% of S. pneumoniae were penicillin-resistant and by 1998, 34% of the S. pneumoniae sampled were resistant to penicillin. Currently, it is estimated that more than 70% of the bacteria that cause hospitalacquired infections are resistant to at least one of the antibiotics used to treat them (NIAID, 2006).
format	Book Chapter
author	Khan Chowdhury, Ahmed Jalal John, Akbar Yunus, Kamaruzzaman K., Kathiresan
author_facet	Khan Chowdhury, Ahmed Jalal John, Akbar Yunus, Kamaruzzaman K., Kathiresan
author_sort	Khan Chowdhury, Ahmed Jalal
title	Emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria from coastal environment - a review
title_short	Emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria from coastal environment - a review
title_full	Emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria from coastal environment - a review
title_fullStr	Emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria from coastal environment - a review
title_full_unstemmed	Emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria from coastal environment - a review
title_sort	emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria from coastal environment - a review
publisher	InTech
publishDate	2012
url	http://irep.iium.edu.my/23834/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/23834/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/23834/1/Emergence_of_antibiotic_resistance_bacteria_from_coastal.pdf
first_indexed	2023-09-18T20:35:59Z
last_indexed	2023-09-18T20:35:59Z
_version_	1777409048814026752

Emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria from coastal environment - a review

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