Optimization of effective composting process of oil palm industrial waste by lignocellulolytic fungi
A batch study was carried out to optimize four process parameters such as particle size (1–5 mm), pH (4–7), mix ratio (1:1–1:3) of substrates (empty fruit bunch, EFB and palm oil mill effluent, POME) and supplementary nutrient as non-food cassava starch (0–2 % w/w). The parameters were evaluated ba...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Springer Japan
2014
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://irep.iium.edu.my/39933/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/39933/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/39933/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/39933/4/optimization_with_volume.pdf |
| Summary: | A batch study was carried out to optimize four
process parameters such as particle size (1–5 mm), pH
(4–7), mix ratio (1:1–1:3) of substrates (empty fruit bunch, EFB and palm oil mill effluent, POME) and supplementary nutrient as non-food cassava starch (0–2 % w/w). The parameters were evaluated based on the results of electrical conductivity, protein content, organic matter and C/N ratio for an effective composting process. The total period of composting was 35–40 days, a shorter time than the tra-ditional composting process ([60 days). The results
showed that the 2-mm particle size of EFB was most
suitable to grow microbes, gave the highest protein of
85 g kg-1 and degraded fastest (lowest C/N ratio of 16).
Substrate ratio 1:3 (EFB and POME) and pH 5.0 were
found to be favorable for mature compost through faster
degradation (final C/N ratio almost 17) and microbial
growth (around 130 g kg-1 of protein). Moreover, non-food cassava used as supplementary nutrients for initial
microbial growth was evaluated and did not significantly
affect the results |
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