Sludge palm oil as a renewable raw material for biodiesel production by two-step processes
In this study, biodiesel was produced from sludge palm oil (SPO) using tolune-4-sulfonic monohydrate acid (PTSA) as an acid catalyst in different dosages in the presence of methanol to convert free fatty acid (FFA) to fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), followed by a transesterification process using...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2010
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://irep.iium.edu.my/4069/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/4069/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/4069/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/4069/1/Biodiesel-esterification-BITE.pdf |
| Summary: | In this study, biodiesel was produced from sludge palm oil (SPO) using tolune-4-sulfonic monohydrate
acid (PTSA) as an acid catalyst in different dosages in the presence of methanol to convert free fatty acid
(FFA) to fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), followed by a transesterification process using an alkaline catalyst.
In the first step, acid catalyzed esterification reduced the high FFA content of SPO to less than 2%
with the different dosages of PTSA. The optimum conditions for pretreatment process by esterification
were 0.75% (w/w) dosage of PTSA to SPO, 10:1 M ratio, 60 �C temperature, 60 min reaction time and
400 rpm stirrer speed. The highest yield of biodiesel after transesterification and purification processes
was 76.62% with 0.07% FFA and 96% ester content. The biodiesel produced was favorable as compared
to EN 14214 and ASTM 6751 standard. This study shows a potential exploitation of SPO as a new feedstock
for the production of biodiesel. |
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