A second-order factor gender-measurement invariance analysis of financial exclusion in ilorin, Nigeria
This study examines a measurement invariance of a second-order factor models of financial exclusion among micro-entrepreneurs in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. Data elicited via a survey questionnaire was analysed using both the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 20.0 and Amos 20.0 softwa...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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International Association of Computer Science and Information Technology (I A C S I T)
2013
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| Online Access: | http://irep.iium.edu.my/46488/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/46488/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/46488/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/46488/1/46488_-_a_second-order_factor.pdf |
| Summary: | This study examines a measurement invariance of a second-order factor models of financial exclusion among micro-entrepreneurs in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. Data elicited via a survey questionnaire was analysed using both the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 20.0 and Amos 20.0 software. The study revealed that financial exclusion as a second order factor is indicated by debt phobia, religion, financial complacency, and affordability and eligibility first order factors. Measurement invariance was tested based on gender via a set of hierarchically structured levels: a) configural invariance, b) metric invariance of both the firstorder and second-order models, c) intercepts of both the firstorder and second-order models, and d) residuals of both the first-order and second-order models. The groups were found to be invariant across the models. Moreover, based on t-test at alpha of 0.001, the latent mean difference tests of the second order model indicates no statistically significant difference on a path by path basis along gender divides. This provides a further questioning on the focus on women of financial inclusion programmes |
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