Development and validation of new RP-HPLC method for the determination of amlodipine in pharmaceutical wastewater using SPE for extraction
The presence of pharmaceuticals in the environment had become a cause for snowballing concern in recent years. A wide range of pharmaceuticals had been discovered in fresh and marine waters and it had recently been shown that even in small quantities these compounds have the...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Conference or Workshop Item |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2016
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://irep.iium.edu.my/55470/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/55470/1/PRC-2016.pdf |
| Summary: | The presence of pharmaceuticals in the environment had become a cause for
snowballing concern in recent years. A wide range of pharmaceuticals had
been discovered in fresh and marine waters and it had recently been shown
that even in small quantities these compounds have the potential to cause
detriment to aquatic life. Being ranked as number one in the Top 50 Drugs by
Expenditures in the Malaysian Statistics on Medicine, amlodipine might also
contribute to the emerging issue of pharmaceutical wastewater pollution. This
research project is designed to develop a methodology in detecting
amlodipine analysis in pharmaceutical wastewater. Cetrizine was used as
internal standard and samples were analysed using Agilent 1200 Series RP-
HPLC equipped with quaternary pump and auto injector. Samples were
injected to C18 column and the mobile phase consisted of ammonium acetate
buffer (pH=4 adjusted using glacial acetic acid) and acetonitrile in the ratio 60-
40. The flow rate was 1 ml/min and UV detector was used for the detection
and the wavelength was 248nm. Solid phase extraction (SPE) is used in this
study for the extraction of amlodipine and IS. The recovery of amlodipine was
evaluated over three QC concentrations and the recovery was in the range of
65%-72%. The method was linear over the range of 30-5000 ng/ml of
amlodipine in wastewater. In general, the method can be used for the analysis
of amlodipine in wastewater. |
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