Sewage sludge as an alternative resource: Optimization of media for citric acid production

Sewage is the largest contributor of organic pollution to water resources as well as to surrounding environments all over the world. In Malaysia, its contribution is top listed (64.4%), followed by animal husbandry wastes (32.6%), agro-based (1.7%) and industrial effluent (1.3%) in terms of th...

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Main Authors:	Alam, Md. Zahangir, Mohamad Hanapi, Nur Hanis, Abdulkarim, Mohd Ismail
Format:	Conference or Workshop Item
Language:	English
Published:	2009
Subjects:	TP Chemical technology TP248.13 Biotechnology
Online Access:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/5568/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/5568/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/5568/1/Extended-paper-media-australia-revised.pdf

id	iium-5568
recordtype	eprints
spelling	iium-55682011-12-15T07:03:00Z http://irep.iium.edu.my/5568/ Sewage sludge as an alternative resource: Optimization of media for citric acid production Alam, Md. Zahangir Mohamad Hanapi, Nur Hanis Abdulkarim, Mohd Ismail TP Chemical technology TP248.13 Biotechnology Sewage is the largest contributor of organic pollution to water resources as well as to surrounding environments all over the world. In Malaysia, its contribution is top listed (64.4%), followed by animal husbandry wastes (32.6%), agro-based (1.7%) and industrial effluent (1.3%) in terms of the BOD load (Alam et al. 2009). Approximately 4.2 million cubic meters of sewage sludge (pure organic waste without mixing with the industrial waste) is produced annually by Indah Water Konsortium (IWK), a national sewerage company in Malaysia and the total cost of managing is estimated at RM 1 billion (Kadir and Velayutham, 1999). The country has to adopt a practical, economic, and acceptable approach in managing and disposing sewage sludge. Present practice is either to co-dispose it with solid waste at landfill sites or direct disposal in shallow trenches (Zain et al., 2001). However, the safe and environmental-friendly disposal of this huge quantity of sludge is the main concern of IWK. Sludge can be a very good source of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrients for many microbial processes. Therefore, the production of citric acid using sewage sludge as the sole media would be an alternative to overcome sludge disposal problem as well as to fulfill the demand of this organic acid globally 2009-09-20 Conference or Workshop Item PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/5568/1/Extended-paper-media-australia-revised.pdf Alam, Md. Zahangir and Mohamad Hanapi, Nur Hanis and Abdulkarim, Mohd Ismail (2009) Sewage sludge as an alternative resource: Optimization of media for citric acid production. In: 7th IWA World Congress on Water Reclamation and Reuse, 20-25 September 2009, Brisbane, Australia. (Unpublished) http://www.iwahq.org/8s
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Local University
institution	International Islamic University Malaysia
building	IIUM Repository
collection	Online Access
language	English
topic	TP Chemical technology TP248.13 Biotechnology
spellingShingle	TP Chemical technology TP248.13 Biotechnology Alam, Md. Zahangir Mohamad Hanapi, Nur Hanis Abdulkarim, Mohd Ismail Sewage sludge as an alternative resource: Optimization of media for citric acid production
description	Sewage is the largest contributor of organic pollution to water resources as well as to surrounding environments all over the world. In Malaysia, its contribution is top listed (64.4%), followed by animal husbandry wastes (32.6%), agro-based (1.7%) and industrial effluent (1.3%) in terms of the BOD load (Alam et al. 2009). Approximately 4.2 million cubic meters of sewage sludge (pure organic waste without mixing with the industrial waste) is produced annually by Indah Water Konsortium (IWK), a national sewerage company in Malaysia and the total cost of managing is estimated at RM 1 billion (Kadir and Velayutham, 1999). The country has to adopt a practical, economic, and acceptable approach in managing and disposing sewage sludge. Present practice is either to co-dispose it with solid waste at landfill sites or direct disposal in shallow trenches (Zain et al., 2001). However, the safe and environmental-friendly disposal of this huge quantity of sludge is the main concern of IWK. Sludge can be a very good source of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrients for many microbial processes. Therefore, the production of citric acid using sewage sludge as the sole media would be an alternative to overcome sludge disposal problem as well as to fulfill the demand of this organic acid globally
format	Conference or Workshop Item
author	Alam, Md. Zahangir Mohamad Hanapi, Nur Hanis Abdulkarim, Mohd Ismail
author_facet	Alam, Md. Zahangir Mohamad Hanapi, Nur Hanis Abdulkarim, Mohd Ismail
author_sort	Alam, Md. Zahangir
title	Sewage sludge as an alternative resource: Optimization of media for citric acid production
title_short	Sewage sludge as an alternative resource: Optimization of media for citric acid production
title_full	Sewage sludge as an alternative resource: Optimization of media for citric acid production
title_fullStr	Sewage sludge as an alternative resource: Optimization of media for citric acid production
title_full_unstemmed	Sewage sludge as an alternative resource: Optimization of media for citric acid production
title_sort	sewage sludge as an alternative resource: optimization of media for citric acid production
publishDate	2009
url	http://irep.iium.edu.my/5568/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/5568/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/5568/1/Extended-paper-media-australia-revised.pdf
first_indexed	2023-09-18T20:14:13Z
last_indexed	2023-09-18T20:14:13Z
_version_	1777407679653740544

Sewage sludge as an alternative resource: Optimization of media for citric acid production

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