Past-time marker –ed in the speech and written work of Indonesian English majors

This paper presents a descriptive investigation on verbal and written use of past-time inflectional marker -ed by Indonesian English majors. Given that English has a foreign language status in Indonesia, acquiring grammatical forms and specific to this study, the –ed inflection, is challenging to le...

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Main Authors:	Mohammad Lotfie, Maskanah, Wulandari, Diyah Fitri, Nurhamidah, Idha
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	English Language Education Journals 2017
Subjects:	PE English
Online Access:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/57087/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/57087/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/57087/1/57087_Past-time%20marker.pdf

id	iium-57087
recordtype	eprints
spelling	iium-570872018-03-25T10:02:16Z http://irep.iium.edu.my/57087/ Past-time marker –ed in the speech and written work of Indonesian English majors Mohammad Lotfie, Maskanah Wulandari, Diyah Fitri Nurhamidah, Idha PE English This paper presents a descriptive investigation on verbal and written use of past-time inflectional marker -ed by Indonesian English majors. Given that English has a foreign language status in Indonesia, acquiring grammatical forms and specific to this study, the –ed inflection, is challenging to learners. Difficulties in acquiring the form is amplified by cross-linguistic influence as the majority of EFL learners in Indonesia speak Javanese as their first language and Indonesian as the second, while exposure to English and to this study’s temporal target form is minimal. The salience of –ed and its allomorphs plays a part in determining the learners usage of the form, with syllabic forms predicted to be perceptually more prominent and easier to acquire. Thirty undergraduates who were English Literature and English Education majors in Central Java participated in this study. Due to the two-fold nature of the investigation, data were collated using two instruments; one elicited written usage of the target form while the other stimulated the participants’ verbal output. Although there were missing –ed inflections where obligatory, results suggest students’ ease and considerable consistency in using the written form of the –ed temporal marker. On the contrary, the English majors generally used the default form of the regular verbs when -ed allomorphs [t], [d] and [ɪd] were required in their speech. To a certain extent, cross-linguistic influence and saliency are relevant in discussing the acquisition of the forms. Instructional intervention should help the English majors and others comparable them, whose closer approximation to Standard English is very important, in completing their university academic programmes as well as in enhancing chances of employability which includes teaching English. English Language Education Journals 2017-12 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/57087/1/57087_Past-time%20marker.pdf Mohammad Lotfie, Maskanah and Wulandari, Diyah Fitri and Nurhamidah, Idha (2017) Past-time marker –ed in the speech and written work of Indonesian English majors. Journal of English as International Language, 12 (2). pp. 56-72. E-ISSN 2200-2014 https://www.elejournals.com/1633/eilj-2017/eilj-volume-12-issue-2-december-2017/
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Local University
institution	International Islamic University Malaysia
building	IIUM Repository
collection	Online Access
language	English
topic	PE English
spellingShingle	PE English Mohammad Lotfie, Maskanah Wulandari, Diyah Fitri Nurhamidah, Idha Past-time marker –ed in the speech and written work of Indonesian English majors
description	This paper presents a descriptive investigation on verbal and written use of past-time inflectional marker -ed by Indonesian English majors. Given that English has a foreign language status in Indonesia, acquiring grammatical forms and specific to this study, the –ed inflection, is challenging to learners. Difficulties in acquiring the form is amplified by cross-linguistic influence as the majority of EFL learners in Indonesia speak Javanese as their first language and Indonesian as the second, while exposure to English and to this study’s temporal target form is minimal. The salience of –ed and its allomorphs plays a part in determining the learners usage of the form, with syllabic forms predicted to be perceptually more prominent and easier to acquire. Thirty undergraduates who were English Literature and English Education majors in Central Java participated in this study. Due to the two-fold nature of the investigation, data were collated using two instruments; one elicited written usage of the target form while the other stimulated the participants’ verbal output. Although there were missing –ed inflections where obligatory, results suggest students’ ease and considerable consistency in using the written form of the –ed temporal marker. On the contrary, the English majors generally used the default form of the regular verbs when -ed allomorphs [t], [d] and [ɪd] were required in their speech. To a certain extent, cross-linguistic influence and saliency are relevant in discussing the acquisition of the forms. Instructional intervention should help the English majors and others comparable them, whose closer approximation to Standard English is very important, in completing their university academic programmes as well as in enhancing chances of employability which includes teaching English.
format	Article
author	Mohammad Lotfie, Maskanah Wulandari, Diyah Fitri Nurhamidah, Idha
author_facet	Mohammad Lotfie, Maskanah Wulandari, Diyah Fitri Nurhamidah, Idha
author_sort	Mohammad Lotfie, Maskanah
title	Past-time marker –ed in the speech and written work of Indonesian English majors
title_short	Past-time marker –ed in the speech and written work of Indonesian English majors
title_full	Past-time marker –ed in the speech and written work of Indonesian English majors
title_fullStr	Past-time marker –ed in the speech and written work of Indonesian English majors
title_full_unstemmed	Past-time marker –ed in the speech and written work of Indonesian English majors
title_sort	past-time marker –ed in the speech and written work of indonesian english majors
publisher	English Language Education Journals
publishDate	2017
url	http://irep.iium.edu.my/57087/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/57087/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/57087/1/57087_Past-time%20marker.pdf
first_indexed	2023-09-18T21:20:39Z
last_indexed	2023-09-18T21:20:39Z
_version_	1777411858425184256

Past-time marker –ed in the speech and written work of Indonesian English majors

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