Mislabelling of nicotine content in electronic cigarette liquids in Malaysia: implications on public health

Electronic cigarette (e-cig) is a battery-operated device which vaporises nicotine solution into a form of inhalable aerosol. The level of nicotine in the liquid for e-cig (e-liquid) may vary and the typical nicotine concentration reported is between 6 to 24 mg of per ml. Based on the National Elect...

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Main Authors:	Nik Mohamed, Mohamad Haniki, Ab Rahman, Jamalludin, Draman, Samsul, Kartiwi, Mira, Ab Rahman, Norny Syafinaz, Rahman, Azizur, Syed, Mahmood, Jamshed, Shazia Qasim
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Medical Malaysia Association 2017
Subjects:	R Medicine (General)
Online Access:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/58872/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/58872/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/58872/1/58872_Mislabelling%20of%20nicotine%20content.pdf

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recordtype	eprints
spelling	iium-588722018-02-03T06:31:45Z http://irep.iium.edu.my/58872/ Mislabelling of nicotine content in electronic cigarette liquids in Malaysia: implications on public health Nik Mohamed, Mohamad Haniki Ab Rahman, Jamalludin Draman, Samsul Kartiwi, Mira Ab Rahman, Norny Syafinaz Rahman, Azizur Syed, Mahmood Jamshed, Shazia Qasim R Medicine (General) Electronic cigarette (e-cig) is a battery-operated device which vaporises nicotine solution into a form of inhalable aerosol. The level of nicotine in the liquid for e-cig (e-liquid) may vary and the typical nicotine concentration reported is between 6 to 24 mg of per ml. Based on the National Electronic Cigarette Survey (NECS) 2016, 83.9% of e-cig adult users in Malaysia preferred eliquid with 6 mg/ml nicotine. In Malaysia, nicotine in products other than tobacco is regulated under the Poisons Act 1952, restricting its sale by licensed health professionals only. However, the sale of e-liquid containing nicotine is widespread and vapers are not assured of the accuracy of content versus that on the label of the e-liquid bottle. OBJECTIVE: To determine the actual nicotine concentration in selected e-liquid brands marketed in Malaysia. Methods: Samples (81 brands) obtained from respondents of the NECS 2016 were analysed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in selective ion mode (SIM) at a certified laboratory. Results: 15 samples labelled as no or zero nicotine were found to contain nicotine. Nine samples contained level of nicotine higher than what their labels indicated. Interestingly, 57 samples had nicotine concentrations that were lower than that indicated on the labels. The nicotine concentration percentage difference between labelled and result from analysis was found to be as low as from -99.16% to -1.28% in 64 samples, while in 4 samples the difference was higher; 0.083% to 163.0%, and the remaining 13 samples had no mention of nicotine concentration on their labels. Conclusion: Significant discrepancy was detected in nicotine concentration between the labelled and analysed values among the collected e-liquid samples. Strict regulation and enforcement is needed for e-cig liquids to ensure safety of users and compliance to current regulations on nicotine. Medical Malaysia Association 2017-08-01 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/58872/1/58872_Mislabelling%20of%20nicotine%20content.pdf Nik Mohamed, Mohamad Haniki and Ab Rahman, Jamalludin and Draman, Samsul and Kartiwi, Mira and Ab Rahman, Norny Syafinaz and Rahman, Azizur and Syed, Mahmood and Jamshed, Shazia Qasim (2017) Mislabelling of nicotine content in electronic cigarette liquids in Malaysia: implications on public health. The Medical Journal of Malaysia, 72 (supp. 1). p. 31. ISSN 0300-5283 http://www.e-mjm.org/2017/v72s1/31.pdf
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Local University
institution	International Islamic University Malaysia
building	IIUM Repository
collection	Online Access
language	English
topic	R Medicine (General)
spellingShingle	R Medicine (General) Nik Mohamed, Mohamad Haniki Ab Rahman, Jamalludin Draman, Samsul Kartiwi, Mira Ab Rahman, Norny Syafinaz Rahman, Azizur Syed, Mahmood Jamshed, Shazia Qasim Mislabelling of nicotine content in electronic cigarette liquids in Malaysia: implications on public health
description	Electronic cigarette (e-cig) is a battery-operated device which vaporises nicotine solution into a form of inhalable aerosol. The level of nicotine in the liquid for e-cig (e-liquid) may vary and the typical nicotine concentration reported is between 6 to 24 mg of per ml. Based on the National Electronic Cigarette Survey (NECS) 2016, 83.9% of e-cig adult users in Malaysia preferred eliquid with 6 mg/ml nicotine. In Malaysia, nicotine in products other than tobacco is regulated under the Poisons Act 1952, restricting its sale by licensed health professionals only. However, the sale of e-liquid containing nicotine is widespread and vapers are not assured of the accuracy of content versus that on the label of the e-liquid bottle. OBJECTIVE: To determine the actual nicotine concentration in selected e-liquid brands marketed in Malaysia. Methods: Samples (81 brands) obtained from respondents of the NECS 2016 were analysed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in selective ion mode (SIM) at a certified laboratory. Results: 15 samples labelled as no or zero nicotine were found to contain nicotine. Nine samples contained level of nicotine higher than what their labels indicated. Interestingly, 57 samples had nicotine concentrations that were lower than that indicated on the labels. The nicotine concentration percentage difference between labelled and result from analysis was found to be as low as from -99.16% to -1.28% in 64 samples, while in 4 samples the difference was higher; 0.083% to 163.0%, and the remaining 13 samples had no mention of nicotine concentration on their labels. Conclusion: Significant discrepancy was detected in nicotine concentration between the labelled and analysed values among the collected e-liquid samples. Strict regulation and enforcement is needed for e-cig liquids to ensure safety of users and compliance to current regulations on nicotine.
format	Article
author	Nik Mohamed, Mohamad Haniki Ab Rahman, Jamalludin Draman, Samsul Kartiwi, Mira Ab Rahman, Norny Syafinaz Rahman, Azizur Syed, Mahmood Jamshed, Shazia Qasim
author_facet	Nik Mohamed, Mohamad Haniki Ab Rahman, Jamalludin Draman, Samsul Kartiwi, Mira Ab Rahman, Norny Syafinaz Rahman, Azizur Syed, Mahmood Jamshed, Shazia Qasim
author_sort	Nik Mohamed, Mohamad Haniki
title	Mislabelling of nicotine content in electronic cigarette liquids in Malaysia: implications on public health
title_short	Mislabelling of nicotine content in electronic cigarette liquids in Malaysia: implications on public health
title_full	Mislabelling of nicotine content in electronic cigarette liquids in Malaysia: implications on public health
title_fullStr	Mislabelling of nicotine content in electronic cigarette liquids in Malaysia: implications on public health
title_full_unstemmed	Mislabelling of nicotine content in electronic cigarette liquids in Malaysia: implications on public health
title_sort	mislabelling of nicotine content in electronic cigarette liquids in malaysia: implications on public health
publisher	Medical Malaysia Association
publishDate	2017
url	http://irep.iium.edu.my/58872/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/58872/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/58872/1/58872_Mislabelling%20of%20nicotine%20content.pdf
first_indexed	2023-09-18T21:23:19Z
last_indexed	2023-09-18T21:23:19Z
_version_	1777412026259210240

Mislabelling of nicotine content in electronic cigarette liquids in Malaysia: implications on public health

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