Signalling pathways regulating galactosaminoglycan synthesis and structure in vascular smooth muscle: implications for lipoprotein binding and atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis commences with the trapping of low density lipoproteins (LDLs) in blood vessels by modified proteoglycans (PGs) with hyperelongated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains. GAG chain synthesis and growth factor mediated hyperelongation regulates the composition and size of PGs in a manner tha...

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Main Authors:	Afroz, Rizwana, Cao, Yingnan, Rostam, Muhamad Ashraf, Ta, Hang, Xu, Suowen, Zheng, Wenhua, Osman, Narin, Kamato, Danielle, Little, Peter J.
Format:	Article
Language:	English English English
Published:	Elsevier 2018
Subjects:	RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology
Online Access:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/62249/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/62249/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/62249/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/62249/1/62249_Signalling%20pathways%20regulating%20galactosaminoglycan.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/62249/2/62249_Signalling%20pathways%20regulating%20galactosaminoglycan_SCOPUS.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/62249/3/62249_Signalling%20pathways%20regulating%20galactosaminoglycan_WOS.pdf

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spelling	iium-622492018-07-24T08:27:57Z http://irep.iium.edu.my/62249/ Signalling pathways regulating galactosaminoglycan synthesis and structure in vascular smooth muscle: implications for lipoprotein binding and atherosclerosis Afroz, Rizwana Cao, Yingnan Rostam, Muhamad Ashraf Ta, Hang Xu, Suowen Zheng, Wenhua Osman, Narin Kamato, Danielle Little, Peter J. RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology Atherosclerosis commences with the trapping of low density lipoproteins (LDLs) in blood vessels by modified proteoglycans (PGs) with hyperelongated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains. GAG chain synthesis and growth factor mediated hyperelongation regulates the composition and size of PGs in a manner that would cause low density lipoprotein (LDLs) retention in vessel wall. Galactosaminoglycans are a class of GAGs, commonly observed on PGs. Multiple enzymes are involved in galactosaminoglycan biosynthesis. Galactosaminoglycan synthesis is regulated by various signalling pathways which are amenable to pharmacological manipulation to treat atherosclerosis. Receptor mediated signalling pathways including protein tyrosine kinase receptors (PTKRs), serine/threonine kinase receptors (S/TKRs) and G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) pathways regulate galactosaminoglycan synthesizing enzyme expression. Increased expression of these enzymes modify galactosaminoglycan chain structure by making them hyperelongated. This review focuses on the signalling pathways regulating the expression of genes involved in galactosaminoglycan synthesis and modification. Furthemore, there are multiple other processes for inhibiting the interactions between LDL and galactosaminoglycans such as peptide mimetics of ApoB100 and anti-galactosaminoglycan antibodies and the therapeutic potential of these strategies is also addressed. Elsevier 2018-07-01 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/62249/1/62249_Signalling%20pathways%20regulating%20galactosaminoglycan.pdf application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/62249/2/62249_Signalling%20pathways%20regulating%20galactosaminoglycan_SCOPUS.pdf application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/62249/3/62249_Signalling%20pathways%20regulating%20galactosaminoglycan_WOS.pdf Afroz, Rizwana and Cao, Yingnan and Rostam, Muhamad Ashraf and Ta, Hang and Xu, Suowen and Zheng, Wenhua and Osman, Narin and Kamato, Danielle and Little, Peter J. (2018) Signalling pathways regulating galactosaminoglycan synthesis and structure in vascular smooth muscle: implications for lipoprotein binding and atherosclerosis. Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 187. pp. 88-97. ISSN 0163-7258 E-ISSN 1879-016X https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.02.005 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.02.005
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Local University
institution	International Islamic University Malaysia
building	IIUM Repository
collection	Online Access
language	English English English
topic	RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology
spellingShingle	RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology Afroz, Rizwana Cao, Yingnan Rostam, Muhamad Ashraf Ta, Hang Xu, Suowen Zheng, Wenhua Osman, Narin Kamato, Danielle Little, Peter J. Signalling pathways regulating galactosaminoglycan synthesis and structure in vascular smooth muscle: implications for lipoprotein binding and atherosclerosis
description	Atherosclerosis commences with the trapping of low density lipoproteins (LDLs) in blood vessels by modified proteoglycans (PGs) with hyperelongated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains. GAG chain synthesis and growth factor mediated hyperelongation regulates the composition and size of PGs in a manner that would cause low density lipoprotein (LDLs) retention in vessel wall. Galactosaminoglycans are a class of GAGs, commonly observed on PGs. Multiple enzymes are involved in galactosaminoglycan biosynthesis. Galactosaminoglycan synthesis is regulated by various signalling pathways which are amenable to pharmacological manipulation to treat atherosclerosis. Receptor mediated signalling pathways including protein tyrosine kinase receptors (PTKRs), serine/threonine kinase receptors (S/TKRs) and G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) pathways regulate galactosaminoglycan synthesizing enzyme expression. Increased expression of these enzymes modify galactosaminoglycan chain structure by making them hyperelongated. This review focuses on the signalling pathways regulating the expression of genes involved in galactosaminoglycan synthesis and modification. Furthemore, there are multiple other processes for inhibiting the interactions between LDL and galactosaminoglycans such as peptide mimetics of ApoB100 and anti-galactosaminoglycan antibodies and the therapeutic potential of these strategies is also addressed.
format	Article
author	Afroz, Rizwana Cao, Yingnan Rostam, Muhamad Ashraf Ta, Hang Xu, Suowen Zheng, Wenhua Osman, Narin Kamato, Danielle Little, Peter J.
author_facet	Afroz, Rizwana Cao, Yingnan Rostam, Muhamad Ashraf Ta, Hang Xu, Suowen Zheng, Wenhua Osman, Narin Kamato, Danielle Little, Peter J.
author_sort	Afroz, Rizwana
title	Signalling pathways regulating galactosaminoglycan synthesis and structure in vascular smooth muscle: implications for lipoprotein binding and atherosclerosis
title_short	Signalling pathways regulating galactosaminoglycan synthesis and structure in vascular smooth muscle: implications for lipoprotein binding and atherosclerosis
title_full	Signalling pathways regulating galactosaminoglycan synthesis and structure in vascular smooth muscle: implications for lipoprotein binding and atherosclerosis
title_fullStr	Signalling pathways regulating galactosaminoglycan synthesis and structure in vascular smooth muscle: implications for lipoprotein binding and atherosclerosis
title_full_unstemmed	Signalling pathways regulating galactosaminoglycan synthesis and structure in vascular smooth muscle: implications for lipoprotein binding and atherosclerosis
title_sort	signalling pathways regulating galactosaminoglycan synthesis and structure in vascular smooth muscle: implications for lipoprotein binding and atherosclerosis
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2018
url	http://irep.iium.edu.my/62249/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/62249/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/62249/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/62249/1/62249_Signalling%20pathways%20regulating%20galactosaminoglycan.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/62249/2/62249_Signalling%20pathways%20regulating%20galactosaminoglycan_SCOPUS.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/62249/3/62249_Signalling%20pathways%20regulating%20galactosaminoglycan_WOS.pdf
first_indexed	2023-09-18T21:28:15Z
last_indexed	2023-09-18T21:28:15Z
_version_	1777412337474469888

Signalling pathways regulating galactosaminoglycan synthesis and structure in vascular smooth muscle: implications for lipoprotein binding and atherosclerosis

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