Indoor air quality (IAQ) characteristics and its microbial community identifications at two selected schools in Pahang, Malaysia: a preliminary study

It is important to assess IAQ characteristics and to identify possible microbial contaminants in schools’ indoor environment because children are more vulnerable to air pollutants as they inhale more air pollutants per kilograms of body weight. Hence, this study aims to assess and to compare the lev...

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Main Authors:	Ariffin, Hizzri, MG, Zati Nabilah, Zaidi, Nurul Amni, N, Shahida, Zahaba, Maryam, Abdul Hadi, Hazrin, Sharif, Mohd. Faez, Mohd Aris, Mohd Shukri
Format:	Article
Language:	English English
Published:	Asian Journal of Agriculture and Biology (AJAB) 2018
Subjects:	RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine RA1190 Toxicology
Online Access:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/65112/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/65112/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/65112/7/65112-Indoor%20air%20quality.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/65112/8/65112%20Indoor%20air%20quality%20SCOPUS.pdf

id	iium-65112
recordtype	eprints
spelling	iium-651122018-08-17T01:53:25Z http://irep.iium.edu.my/65112/ Indoor air quality (IAQ) characteristics and its microbial community identifications at two selected schools in Pahang, Malaysia: a preliminary study Ariffin, Hizzri MG, Zati Nabilah Zaidi, Nurul Amni N, Shahida Zahaba, Maryam Abdul Hadi, Hazrin Sharif, Mohd. Faez Mohd Aris, Mohd Shukri RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine RA1190 Toxicology It is important to assess IAQ characteristics and to identify possible microbial contaminants in schools’ indoor environment because children are more vulnerable to air pollutants as they inhale more air pollutants per kilograms of body weight. Hence, this study aims to assess and to compare the level of selected IAQ parameters and microbiological contaminants inside the classroom of schools in urban area and rural area during occupied and non-occupied period. This study also aims to identify airborne bacteria species and fungi genera within classroom of schools in those area. For methodology of the study, schools were selected based on their location. School X (SX) was located in Kuantan, Pahang, while school Y (SY) was located in Pekan, Pahang. The physical IAQ parameters (Temperature, Relative Humidity (RH), Carbon Dioxide (CO2) were measured using VelociCalc® Multi-Function Ventilation Meter 9565 (TSI®, Minnesota, USA), and airborne particulate matter (PM) were measured using DustMate (Turnkey Instruments, UK). Surface Air System Indoor Air Quality (SAS IAQ), (PBI International, Italy) was used to collect the microbial contaminants and subsequently CFU were counted. The data were recorded for 30 minutes for each time-slot for 8 hours during occupied and non-occupied period within selected classrooms. Bacteria identification was done using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and fungi were identified macroscopically through direct identification technique up to genus level. The results were compared to standard reference limit based on Industrial Code of Practice on Indoor Air Quality (ICOP, 2010) regulated by the Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH, 2005). This study found that temperature (SX, Occupied; 34.9±3.9, Non-Occupied; 32.8±0.7), (SY, Occupied; 30.7±0.2, Non-Occupied; 30.6±0.5), RH (SY, Occupied; 74.4±2.9, Non-Ocupied; 70.05±1.0) and bacterial CFU counts (SX, Occupied; 558±308), (SY; Occupied; 903±415, Non-Occupied; 1176±303) exceeded the standard limit regulated by DOSH. Number of gram-negative bacteria dominated over gram-positive bacteria in both settings. Bacillus sp. (B. atrophaeus, B. subtilis, B. pumilus, B. altitudinis. B. tequilensis, and B. aerophilus) were the most dominant species, followed by Staphylococcus sp. (S. warneri, S. sciuri, S. haemolyticus, and S. gallinarum). The common fungal species isolated in both schools during occupied and non-occupied period were Aspergillus, Alternaria, Cladosporium, Penicillium, and Mucor. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Biology (AJAB) 2018 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/65112/7/65112-Indoor%20air%20quality.pdf application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/65112/8/65112%20Indoor%20air%20quality%20SCOPUS.pdf Ariffin, Hizzri and MG, Zati Nabilah and Zaidi, Nurul Amni and N, Shahida and Zahaba, Maryam and Abdul Hadi, Hazrin and Sharif, Mohd. Faez and Mohd Aris, Mohd Shukri (2018) Indoor air quality (IAQ) characteristics and its microbial community identifications at two selected schools in Pahang, Malaysia: a preliminary study. Asian Journal Agriculture & Biology, 6 (Special Issue 2018). pp. 88-96. ISSN 2307-8553 http://www.asianjab.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/14.INDOOR1.pdf
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Local University
institution	International Islamic University Malaysia
building	IIUM Repository
collection	Online Access
language	English English
topic	RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine RA1190 Toxicology
spellingShingle	RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine RA1190 Toxicology Ariffin, Hizzri MG, Zati Nabilah Zaidi, Nurul Amni N, Shahida Zahaba, Maryam Abdul Hadi, Hazrin Sharif, Mohd. Faez Mohd Aris, Mohd Shukri Indoor air quality (IAQ) characteristics and its microbial community identifications at two selected schools in Pahang, Malaysia: a preliminary study
description	It is important to assess IAQ characteristics and to identify possible microbial contaminants in schools’ indoor environment because children are more vulnerable to air pollutants as they inhale more air pollutants per kilograms of body weight. Hence, this study aims to assess and to compare the level of selected IAQ parameters and microbiological contaminants inside the classroom of schools in urban area and rural area during occupied and non-occupied period. This study also aims to identify airborne bacteria species and fungi genera within classroom of schools in those area. For methodology of the study, schools were selected based on their location. School X (SX) was located in Kuantan, Pahang, while school Y (SY) was located in Pekan, Pahang. The physical IAQ parameters (Temperature, Relative Humidity (RH), Carbon Dioxide (CO2) were measured using VelociCalc® Multi-Function Ventilation Meter 9565 (TSI®, Minnesota, USA), and airborne particulate matter (PM) were measured using DustMate (Turnkey Instruments, UK). Surface Air System Indoor Air Quality (SAS IAQ), (PBI International, Italy) was used to collect the microbial contaminants and subsequently CFU were counted. The data were recorded for 30 minutes for each time-slot for 8 hours during occupied and non-occupied period within selected classrooms. Bacteria identification was done using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and fungi were identified macroscopically through direct identification technique up to genus level. The results were compared to standard reference limit based on Industrial Code of Practice on Indoor Air Quality (ICOP, 2010) regulated by the Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH, 2005). This study found that temperature (SX, Occupied; 34.9±3.9, Non-Occupied; 32.8±0.7), (SY, Occupied; 30.7±0.2, Non-Occupied; 30.6±0.5), RH (SY, Occupied; 74.4±2.9, Non-Ocupied; 70.05±1.0) and bacterial CFU counts (SX, Occupied; 558±308), (SY; Occupied; 903±415, Non-Occupied; 1176±303) exceeded the standard limit regulated by DOSH. Number of gram-negative bacteria dominated over gram-positive bacteria in both settings. Bacillus sp. (B. atrophaeus, B. subtilis, B. pumilus, B. altitudinis. B. tequilensis, and B. aerophilus) were the most dominant species, followed by Staphylococcus sp. (S. warneri, S. sciuri, S. haemolyticus, and S. gallinarum). The common fungal species isolated in both schools during occupied and non-occupied period were Aspergillus, Alternaria, Cladosporium, Penicillium, and Mucor.
format	Article
author	Ariffin, Hizzri MG, Zati Nabilah Zaidi, Nurul Amni N, Shahida Zahaba, Maryam Abdul Hadi, Hazrin Sharif, Mohd. Faez Mohd Aris, Mohd Shukri
author_facet	Ariffin, Hizzri MG, Zati Nabilah Zaidi, Nurul Amni N, Shahida Zahaba, Maryam Abdul Hadi, Hazrin Sharif, Mohd. Faez Mohd Aris, Mohd Shukri
author_sort	Ariffin, Hizzri
title	Indoor air quality (IAQ) characteristics and its microbial community identifications at two selected schools in Pahang, Malaysia: a preliminary study
title_short	Indoor air quality (IAQ) characteristics and its microbial community identifications at two selected schools in Pahang, Malaysia: a preliminary study
title_full	Indoor air quality (IAQ) characteristics and its microbial community identifications at two selected schools in Pahang, Malaysia: a preliminary study
title_fullStr	Indoor air quality (IAQ) characteristics and its microbial community identifications at two selected schools in Pahang, Malaysia: a preliminary study
title_full_unstemmed	Indoor air quality (IAQ) characteristics and its microbial community identifications at two selected schools in Pahang, Malaysia: a preliminary study
title_sort	indoor air quality (iaq) characteristics and its microbial community identifications at two selected schools in pahang, malaysia: a preliminary study
publisher	Asian Journal of Agriculture and Biology (AJAB)
publishDate	2018
url	http://irep.iium.edu.my/65112/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/65112/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/65112/7/65112-Indoor%20air%20quality.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/65112/8/65112%20Indoor%20air%20quality%20SCOPUS.pdf
first_indexed	2023-09-18T21:32:22Z
last_indexed	2023-09-18T21:32:22Z
_version_	1777412596574453760

Indoor air quality (IAQ) characteristics and its microbial community identifications at two selected schools in Pahang, Malaysia: a preliminary study

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