Multifactor leadership questionnaire (rater form 5x-short form)
A preliminary pre-test questionnaire was developed based on the review of related literature on the theoretical constructs and the underlying factors. The preliminary pre-test questionnaire was tested on a sample of 30 respondents. Items that did not perform statistically were either refined or re...
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| Format: | Patent |
| Language: | English English |
| Published: |
2019
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| Online Access: | http://irep.iium.edu.my/70745/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/70745/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/70745/1/LY2018007089%20%281%29.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/70745/12/Multifactor%20Leadership%201%20Turnitin.pdf |
| Summary: | A preliminary pre-test questionnaire was developed based on the review of related literature on the theoretical constructs and the underlying factors. The preliminary pre-test questionnaire was tested on a sample of 30 respondents. Items that did not perform statistically were either refined or removed to improve the measurement scale before being administered to the targeted sample in the pilot study. The pre-test questionnaire consisted of 43 items with four demographic items to measure the four constructs as discussed in the literature review: (i) Transformational Leadership Style, (ii) Transactional Leadership Style, (iii) Nurse Educator Demographic Factors and (iv) Overall Job Satisfaction (Table 1). The number of items measuring the construct range from four to 20. In ensuring greater validity and reliability of measurements, DeVellis (1991) has suggested the use of interval scales to measure variables that were not directly observed. Thus, interval scale with 1, being “Strongly Disagree” to 10, being “Strongly Agree” was utilized to record the responses for leadership styles in the study.
Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire
This section comprised of 45 items on nursing administrator transformational and transactional leadership styles that affected the overall job satisfaction of nurse educators. These items were adapted and modified from Avolio and Bass (2004) Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire 5X short form (rater form) to measure respondents (nurse educators) perceptions of their nursing administrator leadership styles which affected their (nurse educators) overall job satisfaction. The 45 items were utilized to measure the dimensions of transformational and transactional leadership attributes namely idealized influence (attributed), idealized influence (behavior), inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation and individual consideration, contingent reward and management-by-exception (active). Each statement was accompanied by ten possible responses indicated by the interval scale from 1, “strongly disagree to 10, “strongly agree”. Respondents were asked to rate the behaviors or attributes of their leaders that most reflected their perceptions of the constructs investigated.
The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire developed by Avolio and Bass (2004) is an individualized, computer generated report providing an in depth summary of how leaders’ exhibit their behaviors along a quantum of leadership styles. The MLQ was designed to assess the perception of leadership style from the ineffective end (Laissez-faire leadership), whereby leaders avoided leadership responsibility and action to the effective end (Transformational leadership). However, this research will only study the transformational and transactional leadership styles only. The validity of the MLQ and its’ report was described by Fleenor (2007) as having progressed the last 25 years from a number of research carried out in the private or public organizations ranging from high rank executives of major companies to non-supervisory project leaders. Fleenor (2007) when revising the MLQ for the BUROS Institute also asserted that generally, from the results of numerous studies, the MLQ was a valid measure of leadership style. This was further reaffirmed by Sheehan (2007) who described the MLQ as that based on comprehensive theory and have strong concept and validity. Further, the MLQ (5X) had been used extensively in nearly 200 studies including doctoral and masters’ thesis around the world and tailored well into the portrayal of nursing administrators’ leadership. Therefore, the researcher postulated that the MLQ can be used as a valid instrument with the focused audience. |
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