A review of the thermal effects during pregnancy by using ultrasound: Doppler mode

Doppler ultrasound is used in obstetrics and gynecology fields to serve as the complement mode in the standard prenatal scan. It aids in investigating fetus blood flow in expectant mothers’ wombs, usually those who come with pregnancy complications. In the conventional ultrasound beam, the heat prod...

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Main Authors:	Amran, Umi Nadrah, Ahmad Zaiki, Farah Wahida, Md Dom, Sulaiman
Format:	Article
Language:	English English English
Published:	Universiti Putra Malaysia Press 2019
Subjects:	RG Gynecology and obstetrics RG551 Pregnancy
Online Access:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/72685/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/72685/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/72685/1/72685_A%20Review%20of%20the%20Thermal%20Effects.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/72685/2/72685_A%20Review%20of%20the%20Thermal%20Effects_SCOPUS.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/72685/3/72685_A%20Review%20of%20the%20Thermal%20Effects_WOS.pdf

id	iium-72685
recordtype	eprints
spelling	iium-726852019-06-18T02:13:03Z http://irep.iium.edu.my/72685/ A review of the thermal effects during pregnancy by using ultrasound: Doppler mode Amran, Umi Nadrah Ahmad Zaiki, Farah Wahida Md Dom, Sulaiman RG Gynecology and obstetrics RG551 Pregnancy Doppler ultrasound is used in obstetrics and gynecology fields to serve as the complement mode in the standard prenatal scan. It aids in investigating fetus blood flow in expectant mothers’ wombs, usually those who come with pregnancy complications. In the conventional ultrasound beam, the heat produced by attenuation is distributed over the area. However, the Doppler ultrasound beam is focused at only one point. This leads the heat to accumulate at that particular area and hence there is an increase in the temperature. Heat is considered as a teratogen in pregnancy, whereby an increase in the fetal temperature can be fatal to the fetus. Studies have found that Doppler mode is associated with higher acoustic output as compared to the conventional two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound mode. Several studies done on animals have ruled out the evidence of Doppler ultrasound bioeffects. This narrative review only discusses the thermally induced effect of ultrasound by using Doppler mode. This study reviews prior studies with keywords such as Doppler ultrasound, bioeffects, heating effects, rabbit, and pregnancy. Earlier studies noted that the risk of thermal effects increased with the increase of exposure time. However, Doppler ultrasound wave inducing fetal hyperthermia is not the main reason for causing adverse neonatal outcomes without taking into account other external factors. Therefore, it is essential for the practitioners to adopt and adapt the concept of ‘as low as reasonably achievable’ (ALARA) to avoid any subtle adverse effects. © Universiti Putra Malaysia Press. Universiti Putra Malaysia Press 2019-01 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/72685/1/72685_A%20Review%20of%20the%20Thermal%20Effects.pdf application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/72685/2/72685_A%20Review%20of%20the%20Thermal%20Effects_SCOPUS.pdf application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/72685/3/72685_A%20Review%20of%20the%20Thermal%20Effects_WOS.pdf Amran, Umi Nadrah and Ahmad Zaiki, Farah Wahida and Md Dom, Sulaiman (2019) A review of the thermal effects during pregnancy by using ultrasound: Doppler mode. Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology, 27 (1). pp. 357-370. E-ISSN 0128-7680 http://www.pertanika.upm.edu.my/Pertanika%20PAPERS/JST%20Vol.%2027%20(1)%20Jan.%202019/19%20JST-1090-2018.pdf
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Local University
institution	International Islamic University Malaysia
building	IIUM Repository
collection	Online Access
language	English English English
topic	RG Gynecology and obstetrics RG551 Pregnancy
spellingShingle	RG Gynecology and obstetrics RG551 Pregnancy Amran, Umi Nadrah Ahmad Zaiki, Farah Wahida Md Dom, Sulaiman A review of the thermal effects during pregnancy by using ultrasound: Doppler mode
description	Doppler ultrasound is used in obstetrics and gynecology fields to serve as the complement mode in the standard prenatal scan. It aids in investigating fetus blood flow in expectant mothers’ wombs, usually those who come with pregnancy complications. In the conventional ultrasound beam, the heat produced by attenuation is distributed over the area. However, the Doppler ultrasound beam is focused at only one point. This leads the heat to accumulate at that particular area and hence there is an increase in the temperature. Heat is considered as a teratogen in pregnancy, whereby an increase in the fetal temperature can be fatal to the fetus. Studies have found that Doppler mode is associated with higher acoustic output as compared to the conventional two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound mode. Several studies done on animals have ruled out the evidence of Doppler ultrasound bioeffects. This narrative review only discusses the thermally induced effect of ultrasound by using Doppler mode. This study reviews prior studies with keywords such as Doppler ultrasound, bioeffects, heating effects, rabbit, and pregnancy. Earlier studies noted that the risk of thermal effects increased with the increase of exposure time. However, Doppler ultrasound wave inducing fetal hyperthermia is not the main reason for causing adverse neonatal outcomes without taking into account other external factors. Therefore, it is essential for the practitioners to adopt and adapt the concept of ‘as low as reasonably achievable’ (ALARA) to avoid any subtle adverse effects. © Universiti Putra Malaysia Press.
format	Article
author	Amran, Umi Nadrah Ahmad Zaiki, Farah Wahida Md Dom, Sulaiman
author_facet	Amran, Umi Nadrah Ahmad Zaiki, Farah Wahida Md Dom, Sulaiman
author_sort	Amran, Umi Nadrah
title	A review of the thermal effects during pregnancy by using ultrasound: Doppler mode
title_short	A review of the thermal effects during pregnancy by using ultrasound: Doppler mode
title_full	A review of the thermal effects during pregnancy by using ultrasound: Doppler mode
title_fullStr	A review of the thermal effects during pregnancy by using ultrasound: Doppler mode
title_full_unstemmed	A review of the thermal effects during pregnancy by using ultrasound: Doppler mode
title_sort	review of the thermal effects during pregnancy by using ultrasound: doppler mode
publisher	Universiti Putra Malaysia Press
publishDate	2019
url	http://irep.iium.edu.my/72685/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/72685/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/72685/1/72685_A%20Review%20of%20the%20Thermal%20Effects.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/72685/2/72685_A%20Review%20of%20the%20Thermal%20Effects_SCOPUS.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/72685/3/72685_A%20Review%20of%20the%20Thermal%20Effects_WOS.pdf
first_indexed	2023-09-18T21:43:00Z
last_indexed	2023-09-18T21:43:00Z
_version_	1777413265335255040

A review of the thermal effects during pregnancy by using ultrasound: Doppler mode

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