Integrated multichannel electrochemical–quartz crystal microbalance sensors for liquid sensing

This paper highlights the design, simulation and fabrication of an array of twelve integrated electrochemical – quartz crystal microbalance (IEQCM) sensors on a single substrate for liquid sensing. Integration of both measurement techniques is made possible by combining the three electrode electro...

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Main Authors:	Zainuddin, Ahmad Anwar, Nordin, Anis Nurashikin, Mohd Mansor, Ahmad Fairuzabadi, Ab Rahim, Rosminazuin, Wing, Cheung Mak
Format:	Article
Language:	English English
Published:	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. 2020
Subjects:	TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering
Online Access:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/78275/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/78275/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/78275/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/78275/7/78275_Integrated%20Multichannel%20Electrochemical-Quartz_scopus.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/78275/13/78275_Integrated%20multichannel%20electrochemical%E2%80%93quartz.pdf

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recordtype	eprints
spelling	iium-782752020-03-09T02:43:42Z http://irep.iium.edu.my/78275/ Integrated multichannel electrochemical–quartz crystal microbalance sensors for liquid sensing Zainuddin, Ahmad Anwar Nordin, Anis Nurashikin Mohd Mansor, Ahmad Fairuzabadi Ab Rahim, Rosminazuin Wing, Cheung Mak TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering This paper highlights the design, simulation and fabrication of an array of twelve integrated electrochemical – quartz crystal microbalance (IEQCM) sensors on a single substrate for liquid sensing. Integration of both measurement techniques is made possible by combining the three electrode electrochemical device with the top and bottom electrodes for the microbalance. Important design parameters such as the working electrode radius and gap spacing, were studied using both theoretical calculations and COMSOL Multiphysics R finite element simulations. The sensor’s working electrode radius affects the magnitude of the frequency response while the gap affects the capacitance and current density which are important for electrochemical measurements. It was found that the best values for the working electrode radius was 2 mm and gap spacing was 0.5 mm. The sensors were fabricated using microfabrication techniques for the gold electrode and screen printing techniques for the reference electrode. Water contact angle, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscope were utilized to study the surface roughness of the IEQCM sensor. IEQCM has a low contact angle of 53.0 ± 1 ◦ and low surface roughness of 1.92nm. For liquid sensing, an array of circular chambers were fabricated using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and placed on top of the quartz substrate for liquid testing. Electrochemical measurements and cyclic voltammetry were performed using the sensor in ferri-ferrocyanide and phosphate buffered saline solution to study the function of scan rates on the peak current with respect to the potential difference. For mass sensing measurements, liquid water droplets of 1uL – 10 uL were placed onto the sensing surface and the change in resonance frequencies of the sensors were measured. These resonance frequency changes can be converted in mass change/area in accordance to the advanced Sauerbrey equation. The multichannel IEQCM sensor shows good potential as a parallel sensor for both biosensing and environmental applications. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. 2020 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/78275/7/78275_Integrated%20Multichannel%20Electrochemical-Quartz_scopus.pdf application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/78275/13/78275_Integrated%20multichannel%20electrochemical%E2%80%93quartz.pdf Zainuddin, Ahmad Anwar and Nordin, Anis Nurashikin and Mohd Mansor, Ahmad Fairuzabadi and Ab Rahim, Rosminazuin and Wing, Cheung Mak (2020) Integrated multichannel electrochemical–quartz crystal microbalance sensors for liquid sensing. IEEE Access, 8. pp. 3668-3676. ISSN 2169-3536 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=8943177 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2962324
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Local University
institution	International Islamic University Malaysia
building	IIUM Repository
collection	Online Access
language	English English
topic	TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering
spellingShingle	TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering Zainuddin, Ahmad Anwar Nordin, Anis Nurashikin Mohd Mansor, Ahmad Fairuzabadi Ab Rahim, Rosminazuin Wing, Cheung Mak Integrated multichannel electrochemical–quartz crystal microbalance sensors for liquid sensing
description	This paper highlights the design, simulation and fabrication of an array of twelve integrated electrochemical – quartz crystal microbalance (IEQCM) sensors on a single substrate for liquid sensing. Integration of both measurement techniques is made possible by combining the three electrode electrochemical device with the top and bottom electrodes for the microbalance. Important design parameters such as the working electrode radius and gap spacing, were studied using both theoretical calculations and COMSOL Multiphysics R finite element simulations. The sensor’s working electrode radius affects the magnitude of the frequency response while the gap affects the capacitance and current density which are important for electrochemical measurements. It was found that the best values for the working electrode radius was 2 mm and gap spacing was 0.5 mm. The sensors were fabricated using microfabrication techniques for the gold electrode and screen printing techniques for the reference electrode. Water contact angle, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscope were utilized to study the surface roughness of the IEQCM sensor. IEQCM has a low contact angle of 53.0 ± 1 ◦ and low surface roughness of 1.92nm. For liquid sensing, an array of circular chambers were fabricated using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and placed on top of the quartz substrate for liquid testing. Electrochemical measurements and cyclic voltammetry were performed using the sensor in ferri-ferrocyanide and phosphate buffered saline solution to study the function of scan rates on the peak current with respect to the potential difference. For mass sensing measurements, liquid water droplets of 1uL – 10 uL were placed onto the sensing surface and the change in resonance frequencies of the sensors were measured. These resonance frequency changes can be converted in mass change/area in accordance to the advanced Sauerbrey equation. The multichannel IEQCM sensor shows good potential as a parallel sensor for both biosensing and environmental applications.
format	Article
author	Zainuddin, Ahmad Anwar Nordin, Anis Nurashikin Mohd Mansor, Ahmad Fairuzabadi Ab Rahim, Rosminazuin Wing, Cheung Mak
author_facet	Zainuddin, Ahmad Anwar Nordin, Anis Nurashikin Mohd Mansor, Ahmad Fairuzabadi Ab Rahim, Rosminazuin Wing, Cheung Mak
author_sort	Zainuddin, Ahmad Anwar
title	Integrated multichannel electrochemical–quartz crystal microbalance sensors for liquid sensing
title_short	Integrated multichannel electrochemical–quartz crystal microbalance sensors for liquid sensing
title_full	Integrated multichannel electrochemical–quartz crystal microbalance sensors for liquid sensing
title_fullStr	Integrated multichannel electrochemical–quartz crystal microbalance sensors for liquid sensing
title_full_unstemmed	Integrated multichannel electrochemical–quartz crystal microbalance sensors for liquid sensing
title_sort	integrated multichannel electrochemical–quartz crystal microbalance sensors for liquid sensing
publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
publishDate	2020
url	http://irep.iium.edu.my/78275/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/78275/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/78275/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/78275/7/78275_Integrated%20Multichannel%20Electrochemical-Quartz_scopus.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/78275/13/78275_Integrated%20multichannel%20electrochemical%E2%80%93quartz.pdf
first_indexed	2023-09-18T21:50:18Z
last_indexed	2023-09-18T21:50:18Z
_version_	1777413724341010432

Integrated multichannel electrochemical–quartz crystal microbalance sensors for liquid sensing

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