Extraction and characterization of microfibrillated and nanofibrillated cellulose from office paper waste = Pengekstrakan dan pencirian mikrofibril dan nanofibril selulosa daripada sisa kertas pejabat
The tremendous increase in papermaking and cellulose production, both of which are sourced from wood pulp, has resulted in the severe exploitation of trees, thereby leading to environmental problems, including deforestation. Besides, the reduction of paper usage is not on the horizon. Thus, when i...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English English |
| Published: |
Malaysian Society of Analytical Sciences
2019
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| Online Access: | http://irep.iium.edu.my/79673/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/79673/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/79673/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/79673/1/79673_Extraction%20and%20characterization%20of%20microfibrillated.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/79673/2/79673_Extraction%20and%20characterization%20of%20microfibrillated_SCOPUS.pdf |
| id |
iium-79673 |
|---|---|
| recordtype |
eprints |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Local University |
| institution |
International Islamic University Malaysia |
| building |
IIUM Repository |
| collection |
Online Access |
| language |
English English |
| topic |
QD Chemistry |
| spellingShingle |
QD Chemistry Md Hanafiah, Siti Fatimah Danial, Wan Hazman Abu Samah, Mohd Armi Samad, Wan Zurina Darnis, Deny Susanti Mohd Salim, Rosliza Abdul Majid, Zaiton Extraction and characterization of microfibrillated and nanofibrillated cellulose from office paper waste = Pengekstrakan dan pencirian mikrofibril dan nanofibril selulosa daripada sisa kertas pejabat |
| description |
The tremendous increase in papermaking and cellulose production, both of which are sourced from wood pulp, has resulted in
the severe exploitation of trees, thereby leading to environmental problems, including deforestation. Besides, the reduction of
paper usage is not on the horizon. Thus, when it comes to the environmental issue, the extraction of cellulose from paper waste
can be an alternative initiative to mitigate the negative impact of deforestation via the reuse of paper waste. In this study, the
extraction of cellulose microfibres and nanofibres was achieved through the use of office paper waste as the source material.
Alkali and bleaching treatments were employed for the extraction of cellulose fibres, followed by acid hydrolysis under
controlled conditions for the isolation of the cellulose nanofibres. The alkali treatment was carried out using various
concentrations of 2%, 4%, 8% and 16% of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution, while the bleaching treatment was carried out
using sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) solution. The extraction of nano-fibrillated cellulose was achieved by means of acid
hydrolysis with various concentrations of 5%, 15%, 30% and 60% sulphuric acid (H2SO4
) under controlled conditions. The
structural and functional groups were analysed using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infra-red (ATR-FTIR)
imaging, while a morphological analysis was performed using optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
The FTIR analysis indicated that the lignin, ink, fillers and other components had been removed after the alkali and bleaching
treatments. The imaging analysis using an optical microscope showed that the extracted cellulose had a fibrous and rod-like
structure, while the TEM images showed that the extracted cellulose ranged from micro to nano size down to ~20-30 nm
depending on the concentration of acid used. The extraction of either micro-fibrillated or nano-fibrillated cellulose from office
paper waste in this work might pave the way towards the alternative reuse of office paper waste for the production and
application of cellulose materials.
************************************************************************
Peningkatan besar dalam penghasilan kertas dan selulosa, di mana kedua-dua sumber berasal dari pulpa kayu telah menyebabkan
eksploitasi hutan yang teruk membawa masalah alam sekitar, iaitu penebangan hutan. Selain itu, pengurangan penggunaan kertas
agak tidak seimbang. Oleh itu, berhubung dengan isu alam sekitar, pengambilan selulosa dari sisa kertas boleh menjadi inisiatif
alternatif untuk mengurangkan kesan negatif melalui kitar semula sisa kertas. Dalam kajian ini, pengekstrakan selulosa
mikrofibril dan nanofibril telah dicapai menggunakan bahan buangan kertas sebagai sumber. Rawatan alkali dan pelunturan
digunakan untuk pengestrakan serat selulosa diikuti oleh kaedah hidrolisis asid yang terkawal untuk pengasingan selulosa
nanofibril. Rawatan alkali dijalankan menggunakan pelbagai kepekatan 2%, 4%, 8% dan 16% natrium hidroksida (NaOH)
manakala rawatan pelunturan dilakukan dengan menggunakan larutan natrium hipoklorit (NaClO). Pengekstrakan selulosa nanofibril dicapai dengan menggunakan kaedah hidrolisis asid yang terkawal dengan pelbagai kepekatan 5%, 15%, 30% dan
60% asid sulfurik (H2SO4
). Analisa kumpulan struktur dan fungsi dianalisis dengan menggunakan pantulan keseluruhan
dikecilkan spektroskopi infra-merah transformasi Fourier (ATR-FTIR) manakala pengimejan dan analisis morfologi diperiksa
menggunakan mikroskop optik dan mikroskop elektron transmisi (TEM). Analisis FTIR menunjukkan lignin, dakwat, pengisi
dan komponen lain dikeluarkan selepas rawatan alkali dan pelunturan. Analisa pengimejan menggunakan mikroskop optik
menunjukkan struktur berserat dan rod seperti selulosa dapat diekstrak manakala imej TEM menunjukkan saiz selulosa yang
diekstrak dari mikro ke saiz nano hingga ~20-30 nm bergantung kepada kepekatan asid yang digunakan. Pengekstrakan selulosa
microfibril atau nanofibril dari sisa kertas pejabat dalam kajian ini mungkin membuka jalan ke arah penggunaan semula sisa
kertas pejabat dalam pengeluaran dan aplikasi bahan selulosa. |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Md Hanafiah, Siti Fatimah Danial, Wan Hazman Abu Samah, Mohd Armi Samad, Wan Zurina Darnis, Deny Susanti Mohd Salim, Rosliza Abdul Majid, Zaiton |
| author_facet |
Md Hanafiah, Siti Fatimah Danial, Wan Hazman Abu Samah, Mohd Armi Samad, Wan Zurina Darnis, Deny Susanti Mohd Salim, Rosliza Abdul Majid, Zaiton |
| author_sort |
Md Hanafiah, Siti Fatimah |
| title |
Extraction and characterization of microfibrillated and nanofibrillated cellulose from office paper waste = Pengekstrakan dan pencirian mikrofibril dan nanofibril selulosa daripada sisa kertas pejabat |
| title_short |
Extraction and characterization of microfibrillated and nanofibrillated cellulose from office paper waste = Pengekstrakan dan pencirian mikrofibril dan nanofibril selulosa daripada sisa kertas pejabat |
| title_full |
Extraction and characterization of microfibrillated and nanofibrillated cellulose from office paper waste = Pengekstrakan dan pencirian mikrofibril dan nanofibril selulosa daripada sisa kertas pejabat |
| title_fullStr |
Extraction and characterization of microfibrillated and nanofibrillated cellulose from office paper waste = Pengekstrakan dan pencirian mikrofibril dan nanofibril selulosa daripada sisa kertas pejabat |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Extraction and characterization of microfibrillated and nanofibrillated cellulose from office paper waste = Pengekstrakan dan pencirian mikrofibril dan nanofibril selulosa daripada sisa kertas pejabat |
| title_sort |
extraction and characterization of microfibrillated and nanofibrillated cellulose from office paper waste = pengekstrakan dan pencirian mikrofibril dan nanofibril selulosa daripada sisa kertas pejabat |
| publisher |
Malaysian Society of Analytical Sciences |
| publishDate |
2019 |
| url |
http://irep.iium.edu.my/79673/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/79673/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/79673/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/79673/1/79673_Extraction%20and%20characterization%20of%20microfibrillated.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/79673/2/79673_Extraction%20and%20characterization%20of%20microfibrillated_SCOPUS.pdf |
| first_indexed |
2023-09-18T21:51:40Z |
| last_indexed |
2023-09-18T21:51:40Z |
| _version_ |
1777413810320048128 |
| spelling |
iium-796732020-03-19T14:29:03Z http://irep.iium.edu.my/79673/ Extraction and characterization of microfibrillated and nanofibrillated cellulose from office paper waste = Pengekstrakan dan pencirian mikrofibril dan nanofibril selulosa daripada sisa kertas pejabat Md Hanafiah, Siti Fatimah Danial, Wan Hazman Abu Samah, Mohd Armi Samad, Wan Zurina Darnis, Deny Susanti Mohd Salim, Rosliza Abdul Majid, Zaiton QD Chemistry The tremendous increase in papermaking and cellulose production, both of which are sourced from wood pulp, has resulted in the severe exploitation of trees, thereby leading to environmental problems, including deforestation. Besides, the reduction of paper usage is not on the horizon. Thus, when it comes to the environmental issue, the extraction of cellulose from paper waste can be an alternative initiative to mitigate the negative impact of deforestation via the reuse of paper waste. In this study, the extraction of cellulose microfibres and nanofibres was achieved through the use of office paper waste as the source material. Alkali and bleaching treatments were employed for the extraction of cellulose fibres, followed by acid hydrolysis under controlled conditions for the isolation of the cellulose nanofibres. The alkali treatment was carried out using various concentrations of 2%, 4%, 8% and 16% of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution, while the bleaching treatment was carried out using sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) solution. The extraction of nano-fibrillated cellulose was achieved by means of acid hydrolysis with various concentrations of 5%, 15%, 30% and 60% sulphuric acid (H2SO4 ) under controlled conditions. The structural and functional groups were analysed using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infra-red (ATR-FTIR) imaging, while a morphological analysis was performed using optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The FTIR analysis indicated that the lignin, ink, fillers and other components had been removed after the alkali and bleaching treatments. The imaging analysis using an optical microscope showed that the extracted cellulose had a fibrous and rod-like structure, while the TEM images showed that the extracted cellulose ranged from micro to nano size down to ~20-30 nm depending on the concentration of acid used. The extraction of either micro-fibrillated or nano-fibrillated cellulose from office paper waste in this work might pave the way towards the alternative reuse of office paper waste for the production and application of cellulose materials. ************************************************************************ Peningkatan besar dalam penghasilan kertas dan selulosa, di mana kedua-dua sumber berasal dari pulpa kayu telah menyebabkan eksploitasi hutan yang teruk membawa masalah alam sekitar, iaitu penebangan hutan. Selain itu, pengurangan penggunaan kertas agak tidak seimbang. Oleh itu, berhubung dengan isu alam sekitar, pengambilan selulosa dari sisa kertas boleh menjadi inisiatif alternatif untuk mengurangkan kesan negatif melalui kitar semula sisa kertas. Dalam kajian ini, pengekstrakan selulosa mikrofibril dan nanofibril telah dicapai menggunakan bahan buangan kertas sebagai sumber. Rawatan alkali dan pelunturan digunakan untuk pengestrakan serat selulosa diikuti oleh kaedah hidrolisis asid yang terkawal untuk pengasingan selulosa nanofibril. Rawatan alkali dijalankan menggunakan pelbagai kepekatan 2%, 4%, 8% dan 16% natrium hidroksida (NaOH) manakala rawatan pelunturan dilakukan dengan menggunakan larutan natrium hipoklorit (NaClO). Pengekstrakan selulosa nanofibril dicapai dengan menggunakan kaedah hidrolisis asid yang terkawal dengan pelbagai kepekatan 5%, 15%, 30% dan 60% asid sulfurik (H2SO4 ). Analisa kumpulan struktur dan fungsi dianalisis dengan menggunakan pantulan keseluruhan dikecilkan spektroskopi infra-merah transformasi Fourier (ATR-FTIR) manakala pengimejan dan analisis morfologi diperiksa menggunakan mikroskop optik dan mikroskop elektron transmisi (TEM). Analisis FTIR menunjukkan lignin, dakwat, pengisi dan komponen lain dikeluarkan selepas rawatan alkali dan pelunturan. Analisa pengimejan menggunakan mikroskop optik menunjukkan struktur berserat dan rod seperti selulosa dapat diekstrak manakala imej TEM menunjukkan saiz selulosa yang diekstrak dari mikro ke saiz nano hingga ~20-30 nm bergantung kepada kepekatan asid yang digunakan. Pengekstrakan selulosa microfibril atau nanofibril dari sisa kertas pejabat dalam kajian ini mungkin membuka jalan ke arah penggunaan semula sisa kertas pejabat dalam pengeluaran dan aplikasi bahan selulosa. Malaysian Society of Analytical Sciences 2019-10 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/79673/1/79673_Extraction%20and%20characterization%20of%20microfibrillated.pdf application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/79673/2/79673_Extraction%20and%20characterization%20of%20microfibrillated_SCOPUS.pdf Md Hanafiah, Siti Fatimah and Danial, Wan Hazman and Abu Samah, Mohd Armi and Samad, Wan Zurina and Darnis, Deny Susanti and Mohd Salim, Rosliza and Abdul Majid, Zaiton (2019) Extraction and characterization of microfibrillated and nanofibrillated cellulose from office paper waste = Pengekstrakan dan pencirian mikrofibril dan nanofibril selulosa daripada sisa kertas pejabat. Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, 23 (5). pp. 901-913. ISSN 1394-2506 http://www.ukm.my/mjas/v23_n5/pdf/Fatimah_23_5_15.pdf 10.17576/mjas-2019-2305-15 |