Universal Health Care and Informal Labor Markets : The Case of Thailand

This paper explores the possibility that universal health coverage may inadvertently result in distorted labor market choices, with workers preferring informal employment over formal employment, leading to negative effects on investment and growth,...

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Main Authors:	Wagstaff, Adam, Manachotphong, Wanwiphang
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2012
Subjects:	ADMINISTRATIVE COST ADVERSE SELECTION AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES AGRICULTURAL SECTOR BIASES COMMERCIAL BANK CREDIT ASSOCIATION CREDIT INSTITUTION CROSS-SUBSIDIES DAILY EXPENSES DEVELOPMENT POLICY DISABILITY DISABLED EARNINGS ECONOMIC CRISIS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMICS EDUCATION LEVEL EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ELDERLY EMPLOYEE EMPLOYER EMPLOYMENT EFFECT EMPLOYMENT EFFECTS EMPLOYMENT GROWTH EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES ENROLLMENT EXERCISES EXPENDITURE FAMILIES FEMALE EDUCATION FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS GENDER GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS GREATER ACCESS HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE COSTS HEALTH CONTRIBUTION HEALTH EDUCATION HEALTH FACILITIES HEALTH INSURANCE HEALTH POLICY HEALTH PROMOTION HEALTH REFORM HEALTH RISKS HEALTH SERVICES HEALTH SYSTEM HEALTH SYSTEMS HOSPITAL HOSPITALS HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLDS HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUSBAND ILL HEALTH ILLNESS IMMUNIZATION INCOME INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT INFORMAL LABOR MARKETS INFORMAL SECTOR INNOVATIONS INSURANCE SCHEMES INTERNATIONAL BANK JOBS LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE SURVEY LABOR FORCE SURVEYS LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES LABOR MARKET PERSPECTIVE LABOR SUPPLY LEVEL OF EDUCATION LIMITED JOB OPPORTUNITIES LIVING STANDARDS LOAN MARITAL STATUS MARRIED COUPLE MARRIED COUPLES MARRIED MEN MARRIED WOMEN MATERNITY BENEFITS MEDICAL CARE MEDICAL EXPENSES MICRO-CREDIT MINIMUM WAGE NUMBER OF CHILDREN NURSE OLD AGE PAYROLL TAX POLICY ANALYSIS POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIVATE PROVIDERS PROGRESS PUBLIC FACILITIES PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC HOSPITALS PUBLIC POLICY PUBLIC SERVICES RURAL RESIDENTS SCHOOL STUDENTS SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOL SEED MONEY SERVANTS SERVICE SECTORS SICKNESS ABSENCE SOCIAL HEALTH INSURANCE SOCIAL POLICY SOCIAL SECURITY SOURCE OF FUNDS SPOUSE TAX SUBSIDY UNEMPLOYMENT UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCE UNIVERSITY EDUCATION URBAN COMMUNITY VILLAGE VILLAGE FUND VILLAGES VOCATIONAL EDUCATION VULNERABLE GROUPS WAR WORKER WORKERS WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/07/16459393/universal-health-care-informal-labor-markets-case-thailand http://hdl.handle.net/10986/11940

id	okr-10986-11940
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-119402021-04-23T14:02:58Z Universal Health Care and Informal Labor Markets : The Case of Thailand Wagstaff, Adam Manachotphong, Wanwiphang ADMINISTRATIVE COST ADVERSE SELECTION AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES AGRICULTURAL SECTOR BIASES COMMERCIAL BANK CREDIT ASSOCIATION CREDIT INSTITUTION CROSS-SUBSIDIES DAILY EXPENSES DEVELOPMENT POLICY DISABILITY DISABLED EARNINGS ECONOMIC CRISIS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMICS EDUCATION LEVEL EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ELDERLY EMPLOYEE EMPLOYER EMPLOYMENT EFFECT EMPLOYMENT EFFECTS EMPLOYMENT GROWTH EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES ENROLLMENT EXERCISES EXPENDITURE FAMILIES FEMALE EDUCATION FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS GENDER GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS GREATER ACCESS HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE COSTS HEALTH CONTRIBUTION HEALTH EDUCATION HEALTH FACILITIES HEALTH INSURANCE HEALTH POLICY HEALTH PROMOTION HEALTH REFORM HEALTH RISKS HEALTH SERVICES HEALTH SYSTEM HEALTH SYSTEMS HOSPITAL HOSPITALS HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLDS HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUSBAND ILL HEALTH ILLNESS IMMUNIZATION INCOME INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT INFORMAL LABOR MARKETS INFORMAL SECTOR INNOVATIONS INSURANCE SCHEMES INTERNATIONAL BANK JOBS LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE SURVEY LABOR FORCE SURVEYS LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES LABOR MARKET PERSPECTIVE LABOR SUPPLY LEVEL OF EDUCATION LIMITED JOB OPPORTUNITIES LIVING STANDARDS LOAN MARITAL STATUS MARRIED COUPLE MARRIED COUPLES MARRIED MEN MARRIED WOMEN MATERNITY BENEFITS MEDICAL CARE MEDICAL EXPENSES MICRO-CREDIT MINIMUM WAGE NUMBER OF CHILDREN NURSE OLD AGE PAYROLL TAX POLICY ANALYSIS POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIVATE PROVIDERS PROGRESS PUBLIC FACILITIES PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC HOSPITALS PUBLIC POLICY PUBLIC SERVICES RURAL RESIDENTS SCHOOL STUDENTS SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOL SEED MONEY SERVANTS SERVICE SECTORS SICKNESS ABSENCE SOCIAL HEALTH INSURANCE SOCIAL POLICY SOCIAL SECURITY SOURCE OF FUNDS SPOUSE TAX SUBSIDY UNEMPLOYMENT UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCE UNIVERSITY EDUCATION URBAN COMMUNITY VILLAGE VILLAGE FUND VILLAGES VOCATIONAL EDUCATION VULNERABLE GROUPS WAR WORKER WORKERS WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION This paper explores the possibility that universal health coverage may inadvertently result in distorted labor market choices, with workers preferring informal employment over formal employment, leading to negative effects on investment and growth, as well as reduced protection against non-health risks and the income risks associated with ill health. It explores this hypothesis in the context of the Thai universal coverage scheme, which was rolled out in four waves over a 12-month period starting in April 2001. It identifies the effects of universal coverage through the staggered rollout, and gains statistical power by using no less than 68 consecutive labor force surveys, each containing an average of 62,000 respondents. The analysis finds that universal coverage appears to have encouraged employment especially among married women, to have reduced formal-sector employment among married men but not among other groups, and to have increased informal-sector employment especially among married women. The largest positive informal-sector employment effects are found in the agricultural sector. 2012-12-07T18:44:20Z 2012-12-07T18:44:20Z 2012-07 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/07/16459393/universal-health-care-informal-labor-markets-case-thailand http://hdl.handle.net/10986/11940 English en_US Policy Research Working Paper; No. 6116 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research East Asia and Pacific Thailand
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English en_US
topic	ADMINISTRATIVE COST ADVERSE SELECTION AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES AGRICULTURAL SECTOR BIASES COMMERCIAL BANK CREDIT ASSOCIATION CREDIT INSTITUTION CROSS-SUBSIDIES DAILY EXPENSES DEVELOPMENT POLICY DISABILITY DISABLED EARNINGS ECONOMIC CRISIS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMICS EDUCATION LEVEL EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ELDERLY EMPLOYEE EMPLOYER EMPLOYMENT EFFECT EMPLOYMENT EFFECTS EMPLOYMENT GROWTH EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES ENROLLMENT EXERCISES EXPENDITURE FAMILIES FEMALE EDUCATION FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS GENDER GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS GREATER ACCESS HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE COSTS HEALTH CONTRIBUTION HEALTH EDUCATION HEALTH FACILITIES HEALTH INSURANCE HEALTH POLICY HEALTH PROMOTION HEALTH REFORM HEALTH RISKS HEALTH SERVICES HEALTH SYSTEM HEALTH SYSTEMS HOSPITAL HOSPITALS HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLDS HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUSBAND ILL HEALTH ILLNESS IMMUNIZATION INCOME INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT INFORMAL LABOR MARKETS INFORMAL SECTOR INNOVATIONS INSURANCE SCHEMES INTERNATIONAL BANK JOBS LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE SURVEY LABOR FORCE SURVEYS LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES LABOR MARKET PERSPECTIVE LABOR SUPPLY LEVEL OF EDUCATION LIMITED JOB OPPORTUNITIES LIVING STANDARDS LOAN MARITAL STATUS MARRIED COUPLE MARRIED COUPLES MARRIED MEN MARRIED WOMEN MATERNITY BENEFITS MEDICAL CARE MEDICAL EXPENSES MICRO-CREDIT MINIMUM WAGE NUMBER OF CHILDREN NURSE OLD AGE PAYROLL TAX POLICY ANALYSIS POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIVATE PROVIDERS PROGRESS PUBLIC FACILITIES PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC HOSPITALS PUBLIC POLICY PUBLIC SERVICES RURAL RESIDENTS SCHOOL STUDENTS SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOL SEED MONEY SERVANTS SERVICE SECTORS SICKNESS ABSENCE SOCIAL HEALTH INSURANCE SOCIAL POLICY SOCIAL SECURITY SOURCE OF FUNDS SPOUSE TAX SUBSIDY UNEMPLOYMENT UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCE UNIVERSITY EDUCATION URBAN COMMUNITY VILLAGE VILLAGE FUND VILLAGES VOCATIONAL EDUCATION VULNERABLE GROUPS WAR WORKER WORKERS WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
spellingShingle	ADMINISTRATIVE COST ADVERSE SELECTION AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES AGRICULTURAL SECTOR BIASES COMMERCIAL BANK CREDIT ASSOCIATION CREDIT INSTITUTION CROSS-SUBSIDIES DAILY EXPENSES DEVELOPMENT POLICY DISABILITY DISABLED EARNINGS ECONOMIC CRISIS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMICS EDUCATION LEVEL EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ELDERLY EMPLOYEE EMPLOYER EMPLOYMENT EFFECT EMPLOYMENT EFFECTS EMPLOYMENT GROWTH EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES ENROLLMENT EXERCISES EXPENDITURE FAMILIES FEMALE EDUCATION FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS GENDER GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS GREATER ACCESS HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE COSTS HEALTH CONTRIBUTION HEALTH EDUCATION HEALTH FACILITIES HEALTH INSURANCE HEALTH POLICY HEALTH PROMOTION HEALTH REFORM HEALTH RISKS HEALTH SERVICES HEALTH SYSTEM HEALTH SYSTEMS HOSPITAL HOSPITALS HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLDS HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUSBAND ILL HEALTH ILLNESS IMMUNIZATION INCOME INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT INFORMAL LABOR MARKETS INFORMAL SECTOR INNOVATIONS INSURANCE SCHEMES INTERNATIONAL BANK JOBS LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE SURVEY LABOR FORCE SURVEYS LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES LABOR MARKET PERSPECTIVE LABOR SUPPLY LEVEL OF EDUCATION LIMITED JOB OPPORTUNITIES LIVING STANDARDS LOAN MARITAL STATUS MARRIED COUPLE MARRIED COUPLES MARRIED MEN MARRIED WOMEN MATERNITY BENEFITS MEDICAL CARE MEDICAL EXPENSES MICRO-CREDIT MINIMUM WAGE NUMBER OF CHILDREN NURSE OLD AGE PAYROLL TAX POLICY ANALYSIS POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIVATE PROVIDERS PROGRESS PUBLIC FACILITIES PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC HOSPITALS PUBLIC POLICY PUBLIC SERVICES RURAL RESIDENTS SCHOOL STUDENTS SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOL SEED MONEY SERVANTS SERVICE SECTORS SICKNESS ABSENCE SOCIAL HEALTH INSURANCE SOCIAL POLICY SOCIAL SECURITY SOURCE OF FUNDS SPOUSE TAX SUBSIDY UNEMPLOYMENT UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCE UNIVERSITY EDUCATION URBAN COMMUNITY VILLAGE VILLAGE FUND VILLAGES VOCATIONAL EDUCATION VULNERABLE GROUPS WAR WORKER WORKERS WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION Wagstaff, Adam Manachotphong, Wanwiphang Universal Health Care and Informal Labor Markets : The Case of Thailand
geographic_facet	East Asia and Pacific Thailand
relation	Policy Research Working Paper; No. 6116
description	This paper explores the possibility that universal health coverage may inadvertently result in distorted labor market choices, with workers preferring informal employment over formal employment, leading to negative effects on investment and growth, as well as reduced protection against non-health risks and the income risks associated with ill health. It explores this hypothesis in the context of the Thai universal coverage scheme, which was rolled out in four waves over a 12-month period starting in April 2001. It identifies the effects of universal coverage through the staggered rollout, and gains statistical power by using no less than 68 consecutive labor force surveys, each containing an average of 62,000 respondents. The analysis finds that universal coverage appears to have encouraged employment especially among married women, to have reduced formal-sector employment among married men but not among other groups, and to have increased informal-sector employment especially among married women. The largest positive informal-sector employment effects are found in the agricultural sector.
format	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
author	Wagstaff, Adam Manachotphong, Wanwiphang
author_facet	Wagstaff, Adam Manachotphong, Wanwiphang
author_sort	Wagstaff, Adam
title	Universal Health Care and Informal Labor Markets : The Case of Thailand
title_short	Universal Health Care and Informal Labor Markets : The Case of Thailand
title_full	Universal Health Care and Informal Labor Markets : The Case of Thailand
title_fullStr	Universal Health Care and Informal Labor Markets : The Case of Thailand
title_full_unstemmed	Universal Health Care and Informal Labor Markets : The Case of Thailand
title_sort	universal health care and informal labor markets : the case of thailand
publisher	World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate	2012
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/07/16459393/universal-health-care-informal-labor-markets-case-thailand http://hdl.handle.net/10986/11940
_version_	1764418559609405440

Universal Health Care and Informal Labor Markets : The Case of Thailand

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