Renewable Energy Desalination : An Emerging Solution to Close the Water Gap in the Middle East and North Africa
The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is one of the most water-stressed parts of the world. In just over 25 years, between 1975 and 2001. Looking to the future, MENA's freshwater outlook is expected to worsen because of continued popu...
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| Format: | Publication |
| Language: | English en_US |
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Washington, DC: World Bank
2012
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/09/16800288/renewable-energy-desalination-emerging-solution-close-water-gap-middle-east-north-africa http://hdl.handle.net/10986/11963 |
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okr-10986-11963 |
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oai_dc |
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Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
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World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
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World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
AMBIENT AIR AMBIENT AIR POLLUTION APPROACH AVAILABILITY BAGASSE BAGASSE COGENERATION BALANCE BIO-FUELS BIOMASS BOILERS CAPACITY BUILDING CARBON CREDIT CARBON CREDITS CARBON DIOXIDE CARBON FINANCE CARBON FINANCING CARBON FUND CARBON TAX CITIES CLEAN DEVELOPMENT CLEAN ENERGY CLIMATE CHANGE COAL COAL PRODUCERS COGENERATION COMBUSTION CONVENTIONAL ENERGY ELECTRIC POWER ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY DEMAND ELECTRICITY GENERATION ELECTRICITY PRICES ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION EMPLOYMENT ENERGY COMPONENTS ENERGY CONSUMPTION ENERGY FUND ENERGY GENERATION ENERGY MARKET TRANSFORMATION ENERGY NEEDS ENERGY PLANTS ENERGY POLICIES ENERGY PROGRAMS ENERGY RESOURCE ENERGY SECTOR ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY FINAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION FOSSIL FOSSIL FUEL FOSSIL FUEL POWER FUEL OBLIGATION GASOLINE GENERATION CAPACITY GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY GREEN ELECTRICITY GREENHOUSE GAS GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS GREENHOUSE GASES GRID ACCESS GRID ELECTRICITY GRID RENEWABLE ENERGY GROWTH IN DEMAND GROWTH IN DEMAND FOR ELECTRICITY HEAVY RELIANCE HOUSING HYDRO POWER HYDRO PROJECT INDEPENDENT POWER PRODUCERS LANDFILL GAS LOW-INCOME HOUSEHOLDS MINERALS AND ENERGY OIL OIL EQUIVALENT PETROLEUM PETROLEUM GAS POWER CAPACITY POWER GENERATION POWER GRID POWER PLANTS POWER PRODUCER POWER PRODUCERS POWER PURCHASE AGREEMENTS POWER SECTOR POWER SHORTAGES POWER UTILITY PROCESS STEAM RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY RENEWABLE ENERGY RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT RENEWABLE ENERGY GENERATION RENEWABLE ENERGY INVESTMENT RENEWABLE ENERGY INVESTMENTS RENEWABLE ENERGY LAW RENEWABLE ENERGY MARKET RENEWABLE ENERGY POLICIES RENEWABLE ENERGY POLICY RENEWABLE ENERGY PORTFOLIO STANDARDS RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE RENEWABLE ENERGY SUPPLY RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES RENEWABLE GENERATION RENEWABLE PROJECTS RENEWABLE RESOURCE RENEWABLE SOURCES RURAL AREAS SMALL HYDRO SOLAR WATER HEATER SOLAR WATER HEATERS SOLAR WATER HEATING SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA SUGAR INDUSTRY SUGAR MILL SUPPLY CURVE SUPPLY CURVES SYNTHETIC FUEL TARIFF LEVELS TAX CREDITS TOTAL ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION WIND WIND ENERGY WIND ENERGY PROJECT WIND FARM |
| spellingShingle |
AMBIENT AIR AMBIENT AIR POLLUTION APPROACH AVAILABILITY BAGASSE BAGASSE COGENERATION BALANCE BIO-FUELS BIOMASS BOILERS CAPACITY BUILDING CARBON CREDIT CARBON CREDITS CARBON DIOXIDE CARBON FINANCE CARBON FINANCING CARBON FUND CARBON TAX CITIES CLEAN DEVELOPMENT CLEAN ENERGY CLIMATE CHANGE COAL COAL PRODUCERS COGENERATION COMBUSTION CONVENTIONAL ENERGY ELECTRIC POWER ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY DEMAND ELECTRICITY GENERATION ELECTRICITY PRICES ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION EMPLOYMENT ENERGY COMPONENTS ENERGY CONSUMPTION ENERGY FUND ENERGY GENERATION ENERGY MARKET TRANSFORMATION ENERGY NEEDS ENERGY PLANTS ENERGY POLICIES ENERGY PROGRAMS ENERGY RESOURCE ENERGY SECTOR ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY FINAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION FOSSIL FOSSIL FUEL FOSSIL FUEL POWER FUEL OBLIGATION GASOLINE GENERATION CAPACITY GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY GREEN ELECTRICITY GREENHOUSE GAS GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS GREENHOUSE GASES GRID ACCESS GRID ELECTRICITY GRID RENEWABLE ENERGY GROWTH IN DEMAND GROWTH IN DEMAND FOR ELECTRICITY HEAVY RELIANCE HOUSING HYDRO POWER HYDRO PROJECT INDEPENDENT POWER PRODUCERS LANDFILL GAS LOW-INCOME HOUSEHOLDS MINERALS AND ENERGY OIL OIL EQUIVALENT PETROLEUM PETROLEUM GAS POWER CAPACITY POWER GENERATION POWER GRID POWER PLANTS POWER PRODUCER POWER PRODUCERS POWER PURCHASE AGREEMENTS POWER SECTOR POWER SHORTAGES POWER UTILITY PROCESS STEAM RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY RENEWABLE ENERGY RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT RENEWABLE ENERGY GENERATION RENEWABLE ENERGY INVESTMENT RENEWABLE ENERGY INVESTMENTS RENEWABLE ENERGY LAW RENEWABLE ENERGY MARKET RENEWABLE ENERGY POLICIES RENEWABLE ENERGY POLICY RENEWABLE ENERGY PORTFOLIO STANDARDS RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE RENEWABLE ENERGY SUPPLY RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES RENEWABLE GENERATION RENEWABLE PROJECTS RENEWABLE RESOURCE RENEWABLE SOURCES RURAL AREAS SMALL HYDRO SOLAR WATER HEATER SOLAR WATER HEATERS SOLAR WATER HEATING SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA SUGAR INDUSTRY SUGAR MILL SUPPLY CURVE SUPPLY CURVES SYNTHETIC FUEL TARIFF LEVELS TAX CREDITS TOTAL ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION WIND WIND ENERGY WIND ENERGY PROJECT WIND FARM World Bank Renewable Energy Desalination : An Emerging Solution to Close the Water Gap in the Middle East and North Africa |
| geographic_facet |
Middle East and North Africa North Africa Middle East |
| relation |
MENA development report; |
| description |
The Middle East and North Africa (MENA)
region is one of the most water-stressed parts of the world.
In just over 25 years, between 1975 and 2001. Looking to the
future, MENA's freshwater outlook is expected to worsen
because of continued population growth and projected climate
change impacts. The region's population is on the way
to doubling to 700 million by 2050. Projections of climate
change and variability impacts on the region's water
availability are highly uncertain, but they are expected to
be largely negative. To offer just one more example,
rainfall and freshwater availability could decrease by up to
40 percent for some MENA countries by the end of this
century. The urgent challenge is how to adapt to the future
as illustrated by these numbers and how to turn the
region's economy onto a sustainable path. This volume
suggests new ways of thinking about the complex changes and
planning needed to achieve this. New thinking will mean
making better use of desert land, sun, and salt water the
abundant riches of the region which can be harnessed to
underpin sustainable growth. More mundane, but just as
important, new thinking will also mean planning for
dramatically better management of the water already
available. Right now, water is very poorly managed in MENA.
Inefficiencies are notorious in agriculture, where
irrigation consumes up to 81 percent of extracted water.
Similarly, municipal and industrial water supply systems
have abnormally high losses, and most utilities are
financially unsustainable. In addition, many MENA countries
overexploit their fossil aquifers to meet growing water
demand. None of this is sustainable while water resources
decline. This volume hopes to add to the ongoing thinking
and planning by presenting methodologies to address the
water demand gap. It assesses the viability of desalination
powered by renewable energy from economic, social,
technical, and environmental viewpoints, and it reviews
initiatives attempting to make renewable energy desalination
a competitively viable option. The authors also highlight
the change required in terms of policy, financing, and
regional cooperation to make this alternative method of
desalination a success. And as with any leading edge
technology, the conversation here is of course about scale,
cost, environmental impact, and where countries share water
bodies plain good neighborly behavior. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Publication |
| author |
World Bank |
| author_facet |
World Bank |
| author_sort |
World Bank |
| title |
Renewable Energy Desalination : An Emerging Solution to Close the Water Gap in the Middle East and North Africa |
| title_short |
Renewable Energy Desalination : An Emerging Solution to Close the Water Gap in the Middle East and North Africa |
| title_full |
Renewable Energy Desalination : An Emerging Solution to Close the Water Gap in the Middle East and North Africa |
| title_fullStr |
Renewable Energy Desalination : An Emerging Solution to Close the Water Gap in the Middle East and North Africa |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Renewable Energy Desalination : An Emerging Solution to Close the Water Gap in the Middle East and North Africa |
| title_sort |
renewable energy desalination : an emerging solution to close the water gap in the middle east and north africa |
| publisher |
Washington, DC: World Bank |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/09/16800288/renewable-energy-desalination-emerging-solution-close-water-gap-middle-east-north-africa http://hdl.handle.net/10986/11963 |
| _version_ |
1764418356491845632 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-119632021-04-23T14:02:58Z Renewable Energy Desalination : An Emerging Solution to Close the Water Gap in the Middle East and North Africa World Bank AMBIENT AIR AMBIENT AIR POLLUTION APPROACH AVAILABILITY BAGASSE BAGASSE COGENERATION BALANCE BIO-FUELS BIOMASS BOILERS CAPACITY BUILDING CARBON CREDIT CARBON CREDITS CARBON DIOXIDE CARBON FINANCE CARBON FINANCING CARBON FUND CARBON TAX CITIES CLEAN DEVELOPMENT CLEAN ENERGY CLIMATE CHANGE COAL COAL PRODUCERS COGENERATION COMBUSTION CONVENTIONAL ENERGY ELECTRIC POWER ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY DEMAND ELECTRICITY GENERATION ELECTRICITY PRICES ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION EMPLOYMENT ENERGY COMPONENTS ENERGY CONSUMPTION ENERGY FUND ENERGY GENERATION ENERGY MARKET TRANSFORMATION ENERGY NEEDS ENERGY PLANTS ENERGY POLICIES ENERGY PROGRAMS ENERGY RESOURCE ENERGY SECTOR ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY FINAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION FOSSIL FOSSIL FUEL FOSSIL FUEL POWER FUEL OBLIGATION GASOLINE GENERATION CAPACITY GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY GREEN ELECTRICITY GREENHOUSE GAS GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS GREENHOUSE GASES GRID ACCESS GRID ELECTRICITY GRID RENEWABLE ENERGY GROWTH IN DEMAND GROWTH IN DEMAND FOR ELECTRICITY HEAVY RELIANCE HOUSING HYDRO POWER HYDRO PROJECT INDEPENDENT POWER PRODUCERS LANDFILL GAS LOW-INCOME HOUSEHOLDS MINERALS AND ENERGY OIL OIL EQUIVALENT PETROLEUM PETROLEUM GAS POWER CAPACITY POWER GENERATION POWER GRID POWER PLANTS POWER PRODUCER POWER PRODUCERS POWER PURCHASE AGREEMENTS POWER SECTOR POWER SHORTAGES POWER UTILITY PROCESS STEAM RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY RENEWABLE ENERGY RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT RENEWABLE ENERGY GENERATION RENEWABLE ENERGY INVESTMENT RENEWABLE ENERGY INVESTMENTS RENEWABLE ENERGY LAW RENEWABLE ENERGY MARKET RENEWABLE ENERGY POLICIES RENEWABLE ENERGY POLICY RENEWABLE ENERGY PORTFOLIO STANDARDS RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE RENEWABLE ENERGY SUPPLY RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES RENEWABLE GENERATION RENEWABLE PROJECTS RENEWABLE RESOURCE RENEWABLE SOURCES RURAL AREAS SMALL HYDRO SOLAR WATER HEATER SOLAR WATER HEATERS SOLAR WATER HEATING SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA SUGAR INDUSTRY SUGAR MILL SUPPLY CURVE SUPPLY CURVES SYNTHETIC FUEL TARIFF LEVELS TAX CREDITS TOTAL ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION WIND WIND ENERGY WIND ENERGY PROJECT WIND FARM The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is one of the most water-stressed parts of the world. In just over 25 years, between 1975 and 2001. Looking to the future, MENA's freshwater outlook is expected to worsen because of continued population growth and projected climate change impacts. The region's population is on the way to doubling to 700 million by 2050. Projections of climate change and variability impacts on the region's water availability are highly uncertain, but they are expected to be largely negative. To offer just one more example, rainfall and freshwater availability could decrease by up to 40 percent for some MENA countries by the end of this century. The urgent challenge is how to adapt to the future as illustrated by these numbers and how to turn the region's economy onto a sustainable path. This volume suggests new ways of thinking about the complex changes and planning needed to achieve this. New thinking will mean making better use of desert land, sun, and salt water the abundant riches of the region which can be harnessed to underpin sustainable growth. More mundane, but just as important, new thinking will also mean planning for dramatically better management of the water already available. Right now, water is very poorly managed in MENA. Inefficiencies are notorious in agriculture, where irrigation consumes up to 81 percent of extracted water. Similarly, municipal and industrial water supply systems have abnormally high losses, and most utilities are financially unsustainable. In addition, many MENA countries overexploit their fossil aquifers to meet growing water demand. None of this is sustainable while water resources decline. This volume hopes to add to the ongoing thinking and planning by presenting methodologies to address the water demand gap. It assesses the viability of desalination powered by renewable energy from economic, social, technical, and environmental viewpoints, and it reviews initiatives attempting to make renewable energy desalination a competitively viable option. The authors also highlight the change required in terms of policy, financing, and regional cooperation to make this alternative method of desalination a success. And as with any leading edge technology, the conversation here is of course about scale, cost, environmental impact, and where countries share water bodies plain good neighborly behavior. 2012-12-11T20:34:49Z 2012-12-11T20:34:49Z 2012-09-26 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/09/16800288/renewable-energy-desalination-emerging-solution-close-water-gap-middle-east-north-africa 978-0-8213-8838-9 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/11963 English en_US MENA development report; CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank Washington, DC: World Bank Publications & Research :: Publication Publications & Research :: Publication Middle East and North Africa North Africa Middle East |