The Future of Water in African Cities : Why Waste Water? Urban Access to Water Supply and Sanitation in Sub-Saharan Africa, Background Report

The Future of Water in African Cities : Why Waste Water? Urban Access to Water Supply and Sanitation in Sub-Saharan Africa, Background Report

The main purpose of this paper is to explain the patterns of access to water supply and sanitation facilities in urban areas in Sub-Saharan Africa since the late 90's, and its relation with the performance of service providers in the case of i...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Dominguez Torres, Carolina
Format:	Other Infrastructure Study
Language:	English en_US
Published:	Washington, DC 2013
Subjects:	ACCESS TO DRINKING WATER ACCESS TO SANITATION FACILITIES ACCESS TO WATER ACCESS TO WATER SUPPLY ACTIVE INTERVENTION AQUIFERS AVAILABILITY OF WATER BASIC NEEDS BILL COLLECTION BOARDS OF DIRECTORS BOREHOLES CANALS CENSUSES CITY POPULATION CIVIL CONFLICT CLIMATE CHANGE COMPETITIVE BIDDING CONCESSION CONTRACTS CONNECTION FEES CONTINUITY OF SERVICE COST RECOVERY CUBIC METER DAILY WATER CONSUMPTION DAMS DEMAND OF WATER DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT OF WATER SUPPLY DISEASES DISPOSAL OF WASTEWATER DISTRIBUTION OF WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS DOMESTIC USE DOMESTIC WATER DRINKING WATER DROUGHT EXISTING RESOURCES FLOODS FLUSH TOILET FLUSH TOILETS GLOBAL POPULATION GLOBAL POPULATION GROWTH GROUNDWATER GROUNDWATER SUPPLIES HOUSEHOLD CONNECTION HOUSEHOLD CONNECTIONS HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HOUSEHOLDS HUMAN SETTLEMENT INDUSTRIAL USES INEQUITIES INVESTMENT CLIMATE INVESTMENT FINANCING INVESTMENT PROGRAM IRRIGATION LAKES LAND TENURE LEAKAGE LITERS PER CAPITA PER DAY LIVING STANDARDS LOCAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS MANAGING WATER RESOURCES METER READING METERING MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS MODERNIZATION NATIONAL WATER POLICY NONREVENUE WATER NUMBER OF PEOPLE OPEN DEFECATION OPERATIONAL COSTS OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE OPERATORS PERFORMANCE CONTRACTS PERFORMANCE OF SERVICE PROVIDERS PIPE PIPED WATER PIPES PIT LATRINE PIT LATRINES POLICY MAKERS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER PONDS POOR FAMILIES POPULATION ESTIMATES POPULATION GROWTH POPULATION GROWTH RATE PRESSURE PRIVATE OPERATOR PROGRESS PROVISION OF WATER PROVISION OF WATER SUPPLY PROVISION OF WATER SUPPLY SERVICES PUBLIC SERVICE PUBLIC WATER PUBLIC WATER SUPPLY PUMPING STATIONS PURCHASING POWER PURCHASING POWER PARITY QUALITY IMPROVEMENT QUALITY OF SERVICES QUANTITATIVE INDICATORS QUANTITY OF WATER RAINFALL RAINWATER RATES OF URBANIZATION REGULATORY AGENCY REGULATORY FRAMEWORK RENEWABLE WATER RESOURCES RIVERS RURAL POPULATION SAFE WATER SAFETY OF DRINKING WATER SANITATION SANITATION FACILITIES SANITATION FACILITY SANITATION INFRASTRUCTURE SANITATION SERVICE SANITATION SERVICE PROVISION SANITATION SERVICES SANITATION SYSTEMS SANITATION UTILITIES SEPTIC TANK SEPTIC TANKS SERVICE CONTRACTS SERVICE DELIVERY SERVICE PROVIDER SERVICE PROVIDERS SERVICE PROVISION SERVICE QUALITY SERVICE STANDARDS SEWER SYSTEM SEWERAGE CORPORATION SEWERAGE SYSTEM SHORT SUPPLY SLUMS SOLID WASTE SOLID WASTE COLLECTION SOURCES OF WATER STORAGE TANKS SUPPLY NETWORKS SUPPLY OF WATER SURFACE WATER SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT SUSTAINABLE SERVICES TAPS TARIFF ADJUSTMENTS TARIFF POLICY TARIFF REVISIONS TARIFF SETTING TARIFF STRUCTURE TOILETS TOWN TOWNS TREATMENT PLANTS UNIVERSAL ACCESS URBAN AREAS URBAN CENTERS URBAN DWELLERS URBAN GROWTH URBAN GROWTH RATE URBAN GROWTH RATES URBAN POPULATION URBAN POPULATION GROWTH URBAN POPULATION GROWTH RATES URBAN WATER URBAN WATER SUPPLY URBAN WATER UTILITIES URBANIZATION USER FEES UTILITY SERVICES VULNERABILITY WARS WATER CONNECTIONS WATER CONSUMPTION WATER COVERAGE WATER DEMAND WATER DEVELOPMENT WATER DISTRIBUTION WATER INFRASTRUCTURE WATER POINT WATER POLICY WATER PRODUCTION WATER RATIONING WATER RESOURCES WATER SECTOR WATER SECTOR REFORM WATER SERVICE WATER SERVICE PROVIDERS WATER SERVICES WATER SOURCE WATER SOURCES WATER STORAGE WATER SUPPLY ASSETS WATER SUPPLY SERVICE WATER SUPPLY SERVICES WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS WATER SUPPLY UTILITY WATER SYSTEM WATER TANKERS WATER TRANSFERS WATER TREATMENT WATER USES WATER UTILITIES WATER UTILITY WATER VENDORS WATER WITHDRAWALS WELLS WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION WORLD POPULATION WORLD POPULATION PROJECTIONS
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/12/17047173/future-water-african-cities-waste-water-background-report-urban-access-water-supply-sanitation-sub-saharan-africa http://hdl.handle.net/10986/12276

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Summary:	The main purpose of this paper is to explain the patterns of access to water supply and sanitation facilities in urban areas in Sub-Saharan Africa since the late 90's, and its relation with the performance of service providers in the case of improved water supply. It also seeks to explore the institutional context of the water supply and sanitation sectors. The paper concludes that services providers in Sub-Saharan Africa have been unable to keep up with urban population growth. Service providers are overwhelmed by the pace of urban population growth as they face high distributional losses, low billing collection, overstaffing, and under recovery of costs. The institutional frameworks are yet to be completed as there is vast political inference in service provision and regulation, as well as obstacles for effectively undertake public private partnerships. The paper is organized as follows. Section one presents definitions of water supply sources and sanitation, as well as the sources of data used for the analysis. Section two discusses the current and projected trends of urbanization, and introduces the country clustering used for analytical purposes. Section three and four present pathways of access to water supply sources and sanitation facilities -respectively- in urban areas in Sub-Saharan Africa, and discusses trends in access by country cluster. Section five explains the operational and financial performance of services providers in the region. Section six explores the existing institutional arrangements for the urban water supply and sanitation service provision. Finally, section six presents the main challenges for the future expansion of sustainable improved water supply and sanitation services.

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