Priorities for Sustainable Growth : A Strategy for Agriculture Sector Development in Tajikistan, Technical Annex 6. Rural Poverty

Agriculture sector growth has made a powerful contribution to post-war economic recovery in Tajikistan, accounting for approximately one third of overall economic growth from 1998 to 2004. Sector output increased by 65 percent in real terms during...

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Main Author:	World Bank
Format:	Other Agricultural Study
Language:	English en_US
Published:	Washington, DC 2013
Subjects:	ACCESS TO ASSETS ACCESS TO INFORMATION ACCESS TO SAFE DRINKING WATER AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL SECTOR ARABLE LAND AVERAGE WAGES CALORIE AVAILABILITY CALORIE INTAKE CALORIES PER DAY CASH CROPS CHANGES IN POVERTY CHRONIC MALNUTRITION CLEAN WATER COLLECTIVE FARMS CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA COTTON PRODUCTION CREDIT CONSTRAINTS DAILY CALORIES DEPENDENT VARIABLE DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS DETERMINANT OF POVERTY DETERMINANTS OF POVERTY DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING WORLD DIETARY DIVERSITY DISTRIBUTION OF LAND DRINKING WATER ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES ESTIMATED COEFFICIENTS ESTIMATION RESULTS FAMILY MEMBERS FARM ACTIVITIES FARM INCOME FARM INCOMES FARM SELF-EMPLOYMENT FARM WORK FARM WORKERS FARMER FARMERS FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES FINANCIAL MARKETS FOOD CONSUMPTION FOOD EXPENDITURE FOOD EXPENDITURES FOOD INSECURITY FOOD PREFERENCES FOOD PRODUCTION FOOD SECURITY GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS GINI COEFFICIENT HEADCOUNT POVERTY HEALTH CARE HIGH POVERTY HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD DISTRIBUTION HOUSEHOLD INCOMES HOUSEHOLD SIZE IMPACT ON POVERTY IMPACT ON POVERTY REDUCTION INCOME INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME GENERATION INCOME GROUPS INCOME LEVELS INCOME POVERTY INCOME QUINTILE INCOME SHORTFALL INEQUALITY LABOR FORCE LAND ASSETS LAND DISTRIBUTION LAND HOLDINGS LAND OWNERSHIP LAND REFORM LAND REFORMS LANDLESS HOUSEHOLDS LIVELIHOOD OPPORTUNITIES LIVELIHOOD STRATEGIES LIVESTOCK ASSETS LIVESTOCK OUTPUT LIVESTOCK OWNERSHIP LIVESTOCK PRODUCTIVITY LIVING STANDARDS LOW WAGES MAJORITY OF FARMERS MALNUTRITION MARGINAL EFFECT MEAT MILK MOUNTAIN AREAS MOUNTAINOUS AREAS NONFARM INCOME PENSION PAYMENTS PER CAPITA EXPENDITURE PER CAPITA INCOME POLICY INSTRUMENT POLICY VARIABLES POOR POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR INCOMES POOR PERSON POOR REGION POORER HOUSEHOLDS POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY ASSESSMENT POVERTY GAP POVERTY GAP INDEX POVERTY IMPACT POVERTY INDEX POVERTY INDICES POVERTY LEVEL POVERTY LINE POVERTY MEASURES POVERTY PROFILES POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY SEVERITY POVERTY STATUS PRIVATE TRANSFERS PROTEIN CONTENT REDUCING POVERTY REGIONAL CAPITAL REGIONAL DIFFERENCES REGIONAL ECONOMY REGIONAL LABOR REGIONAL LABOR MARKETS REGIONAL LEVEL REGIONAL POVERTY REMOTE AREAS RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL COMMUNITIES RURAL COUNTERPARTS RURAL DEVELOPMENT RURAL FAMILIES RURAL HOUSEHOLD RURAL HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS RURAL HOUSEHOLDS RURAL LABOR RURAL MIGRANTS RURAL POVERTY RURAL POVERTY LEVELS RURAL POVERTY RATE RURAL POVERTY REDUCTION RURAL POVERTY STATUS RURAL REGIONS SAFETY NET SANITATION SAVINGS SCHOOLING SIGNIFICANT IMPACT SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION SQUARED POVERTY GAP SQUARED POVERTY GAP INDEX SUBSISTENCE TARGETING TRANSACTION COSTS URBAN AREAS URBAN POVERTY VEGETABLES WAGE EMPLOYMENT WAGE RATES WAR
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/01/16279441/tajikistan-priorities-sustainable-growth-strategy-agriculture-sector-development-vol-7-7 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/12432

id	okr-10986-12432
recordtype	oai_dc
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English en_US
topic	ACCESS TO ASSETS ACCESS TO INFORMATION ACCESS TO SAFE DRINKING WATER AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL SECTOR ARABLE LAND AVERAGE WAGES CALORIE AVAILABILITY CALORIE INTAKE CALORIES PER DAY CASH CROPS CHANGES IN POVERTY CHRONIC MALNUTRITION CLEAN WATER COLLECTIVE FARMS CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA COTTON PRODUCTION CREDIT CONSTRAINTS DAILY CALORIES DEPENDENT VARIABLE DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS DETERMINANT OF POVERTY DETERMINANTS OF POVERTY DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING WORLD DIETARY DIVERSITY DISTRIBUTION OF LAND DRINKING WATER ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES ESTIMATED COEFFICIENTS ESTIMATION RESULTS FAMILY MEMBERS FARM ACTIVITIES FARM INCOME FARM INCOMES FARM SELF-EMPLOYMENT FARM WORK FARM WORKERS FARMER FARMERS FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES FINANCIAL MARKETS FOOD CONSUMPTION FOOD EXPENDITURE FOOD EXPENDITURES FOOD INSECURITY FOOD PREFERENCES FOOD PRODUCTION FOOD SECURITY GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS GINI COEFFICIENT HEADCOUNT POVERTY HEALTH CARE HIGH POVERTY HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD DISTRIBUTION HOUSEHOLD INCOMES HOUSEHOLD SIZE IMPACT ON POVERTY IMPACT ON POVERTY REDUCTION INCOME INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME GENERATION INCOME GROUPS INCOME LEVELS INCOME POVERTY INCOME QUINTILE INCOME SHORTFALL INEQUALITY LABOR FORCE LAND ASSETS LAND DISTRIBUTION LAND HOLDINGS LAND OWNERSHIP LAND REFORM LAND REFORMS LANDLESS HOUSEHOLDS LIVELIHOOD OPPORTUNITIES LIVELIHOOD STRATEGIES LIVESTOCK ASSETS LIVESTOCK OUTPUT LIVESTOCK OWNERSHIP LIVESTOCK PRODUCTIVITY LIVING STANDARDS LOW WAGES MAJORITY OF FARMERS MALNUTRITION MARGINAL EFFECT MEAT MILK MOUNTAIN AREAS MOUNTAINOUS AREAS NONFARM INCOME PENSION PAYMENTS PER CAPITA EXPENDITURE PER CAPITA INCOME POLICY INSTRUMENT POLICY VARIABLES POOR POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR INCOMES POOR PERSON POOR REGION POORER HOUSEHOLDS POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY ASSESSMENT POVERTY GAP POVERTY GAP INDEX POVERTY IMPACT POVERTY INDEX POVERTY INDICES POVERTY LEVEL POVERTY LINE POVERTY MEASURES POVERTY PROFILES POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY SEVERITY POVERTY STATUS PRIVATE TRANSFERS PROTEIN CONTENT REDUCING POVERTY REGIONAL CAPITAL REGIONAL DIFFERENCES REGIONAL ECONOMY REGIONAL LABOR REGIONAL LABOR MARKETS REGIONAL LEVEL REGIONAL POVERTY REMOTE AREAS RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL COMMUNITIES RURAL COUNTERPARTS RURAL DEVELOPMENT RURAL FAMILIES RURAL HOUSEHOLD RURAL HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS RURAL HOUSEHOLDS RURAL LABOR RURAL MIGRANTS RURAL POVERTY RURAL POVERTY LEVELS RURAL POVERTY RATE RURAL POVERTY REDUCTION RURAL POVERTY STATUS RURAL REGIONS SAFETY NET SANITATION SAVINGS SCHOOLING SIGNIFICANT IMPACT SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION SQUARED POVERTY GAP SQUARED POVERTY GAP INDEX SUBSISTENCE TARGETING TRANSACTION COSTS URBAN AREAS URBAN POVERTY VEGETABLES WAGE EMPLOYMENT WAGE RATES WAR
spellingShingle	ACCESS TO ASSETS ACCESS TO INFORMATION ACCESS TO SAFE DRINKING WATER AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL SECTOR ARABLE LAND AVERAGE WAGES CALORIE AVAILABILITY CALORIE INTAKE CALORIES PER DAY CASH CROPS CHANGES IN POVERTY CHRONIC MALNUTRITION CLEAN WATER COLLECTIVE FARMS CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA COTTON PRODUCTION CREDIT CONSTRAINTS DAILY CALORIES DEPENDENT VARIABLE DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS DETERMINANT OF POVERTY DETERMINANTS OF POVERTY DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING WORLD DIETARY DIVERSITY DISTRIBUTION OF LAND DRINKING WATER ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES ESTIMATED COEFFICIENTS ESTIMATION RESULTS FAMILY MEMBERS FARM ACTIVITIES FARM INCOME FARM INCOMES FARM SELF-EMPLOYMENT FARM WORK FARM WORKERS FARMER FARMERS FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES FINANCIAL MARKETS FOOD CONSUMPTION FOOD EXPENDITURE FOOD EXPENDITURES FOOD INSECURITY FOOD PREFERENCES FOOD PRODUCTION FOOD SECURITY GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS GINI COEFFICIENT HEADCOUNT POVERTY HEALTH CARE HIGH POVERTY HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD DISTRIBUTION HOUSEHOLD INCOMES HOUSEHOLD SIZE IMPACT ON POVERTY IMPACT ON POVERTY REDUCTION INCOME INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME GENERATION INCOME GROUPS INCOME LEVELS INCOME POVERTY INCOME QUINTILE INCOME SHORTFALL INEQUALITY LABOR FORCE LAND ASSETS LAND DISTRIBUTION LAND HOLDINGS LAND OWNERSHIP LAND REFORM LAND REFORMS LANDLESS HOUSEHOLDS LIVELIHOOD OPPORTUNITIES LIVELIHOOD STRATEGIES LIVESTOCK ASSETS LIVESTOCK OUTPUT LIVESTOCK OWNERSHIP LIVESTOCK PRODUCTIVITY LIVING STANDARDS LOW WAGES MAJORITY OF FARMERS MALNUTRITION MARGINAL EFFECT MEAT MILK MOUNTAIN AREAS MOUNTAINOUS AREAS NONFARM INCOME PENSION PAYMENTS PER CAPITA EXPENDITURE PER CAPITA INCOME POLICY INSTRUMENT POLICY VARIABLES POOR POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR INCOMES POOR PERSON POOR REGION POORER HOUSEHOLDS POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY ASSESSMENT POVERTY GAP POVERTY GAP INDEX POVERTY IMPACT POVERTY INDEX POVERTY INDICES POVERTY LEVEL POVERTY LINE POVERTY MEASURES POVERTY PROFILES POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY SEVERITY POVERTY STATUS PRIVATE TRANSFERS PROTEIN CONTENT REDUCING POVERTY REGIONAL CAPITAL REGIONAL DIFFERENCES REGIONAL ECONOMY REGIONAL LABOR REGIONAL LABOR MARKETS REGIONAL LEVEL REGIONAL POVERTY REMOTE AREAS RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL COMMUNITIES RURAL COUNTERPARTS RURAL DEVELOPMENT RURAL FAMILIES RURAL HOUSEHOLD RURAL HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS RURAL HOUSEHOLDS RURAL LABOR RURAL MIGRANTS RURAL POVERTY RURAL POVERTY LEVELS RURAL POVERTY RATE RURAL POVERTY REDUCTION RURAL POVERTY STATUS RURAL REGIONS SAFETY NET SANITATION SAVINGS SCHOOLING SIGNIFICANT IMPACT SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION SQUARED POVERTY GAP SQUARED POVERTY GAP INDEX SUBSISTENCE TARGETING TRANSACTION COSTS URBAN AREAS URBAN POVERTY VEGETABLES WAGE EMPLOYMENT WAGE RATES WAR World Bank Priorities for Sustainable Growth : A Strategy for Agriculture Sector Development in Tajikistan, Technical Annex 6. Rural Poverty
geographic_facet	Europe and Central Asia Tajikistan
relation	Public expenditure review (PER);
description	Agriculture sector growth has made a powerful contribution to post-war economic recovery in Tajikistan, accounting for approximately one third of overall economic growth from 1998 to 2004. Sector output increased by 65 percent in real terms during this period, and has now returned to the level extant at independence in 1990. Total Factor Productivity (TFP) has also increased, by 3 percent per year. Despite this progress, there is legitimate concern that this growth is unsustainable. Evidence suggests that it has been driven largely by the external factors noted above, rather than substantive changes to resources, incentives and the behavior of factor and commodity markets. First, an extensive program of policy reform, particularly in the area of land ownership, has yet to make a substantial impact on the incentive structure for agricultural workers cultivating the majority of arable land. Second, sustainable growth requires positive net investment. Third, commodity markets remain weak, with a limited capacity to translate increased demand into improved production incentives. And fourth, growth in crop production has been largely driven by low value food and cereal crops. A sustainable increase in access to rural finance will require much greater emphasis on the development of alternative sources of finance for all of agriculture, in addition to resolution of the cotton debt crisis. The capacity for agricultural loan appraisal and management also needs to be strengthened, new collateral instruments introduced and new loan products developed, which are suited to agriculture in general and small-scale farmers in particular.
format	Economic & Sector Work :: Other Agricultural Study
author	World Bank
author_facet	World Bank
author_sort	World Bank
title	Priorities for Sustainable Growth : A Strategy for Agriculture Sector Development in Tajikistan, Technical Annex 6. Rural Poverty
title_short	Priorities for Sustainable Growth : A Strategy for Agriculture Sector Development in Tajikistan, Technical Annex 6. Rural Poverty
title_full	Priorities for Sustainable Growth : A Strategy for Agriculture Sector Development in Tajikistan, Technical Annex 6. Rural Poverty
title_fullStr	Priorities for Sustainable Growth : A Strategy for Agriculture Sector Development in Tajikistan, Technical Annex 6. Rural Poverty
title_full_unstemmed	Priorities for Sustainable Growth : A Strategy for Agriculture Sector Development in Tajikistan, Technical Annex 6. Rural Poverty
title_sort	priorities for sustainable growth : a strategy for agriculture sector development in tajikistan, technical annex 6. rural poverty
publisher	Washington, DC
publishDate	2013
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/01/16279441/tajikistan-priorities-sustainable-growth-strategy-agriculture-sector-development-vol-7-7 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/12432
_version_	1764420079852716032
spelling	okr-10986-124322021-04-23T14:03:01Z Priorities for Sustainable Growth : A Strategy for Agriculture Sector Development in Tajikistan, Technical Annex 6. Rural Poverty World Bank ACCESS TO ASSETS ACCESS TO INFORMATION ACCESS TO SAFE DRINKING WATER AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL SECTOR ARABLE LAND AVERAGE WAGES CALORIE AVAILABILITY CALORIE INTAKE CALORIES PER DAY CASH CROPS CHANGES IN POVERTY CHRONIC MALNUTRITION CLEAN WATER COLLECTIVE FARMS CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA COTTON PRODUCTION CREDIT CONSTRAINTS DAILY CALORIES DEPENDENT VARIABLE DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS DETERMINANT OF POVERTY DETERMINANTS OF POVERTY DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING WORLD DIETARY DIVERSITY DISTRIBUTION OF LAND DRINKING WATER ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES ESTIMATED COEFFICIENTS ESTIMATION RESULTS FAMILY MEMBERS FARM ACTIVITIES FARM INCOME FARM INCOMES FARM SELF-EMPLOYMENT FARM WORK FARM WORKERS FARMER FARMERS FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES FINANCIAL MARKETS FOOD CONSUMPTION FOOD EXPENDITURE FOOD EXPENDITURES FOOD INSECURITY FOOD PREFERENCES FOOD PRODUCTION FOOD SECURITY GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS GINI COEFFICIENT HEADCOUNT POVERTY HEALTH CARE HIGH POVERTY HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD DISTRIBUTION HOUSEHOLD INCOMES HOUSEHOLD SIZE IMPACT ON POVERTY IMPACT ON POVERTY REDUCTION INCOME INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME GENERATION INCOME GROUPS INCOME LEVELS INCOME POVERTY INCOME QUINTILE INCOME SHORTFALL INEQUALITY LABOR FORCE LAND ASSETS LAND DISTRIBUTION LAND HOLDINGS LAND OWNERSHIP LAND REFORM LAND REFORMS LANDLESS HOUSEHOLDS LIVELIHOOD OPPORTUNITIES LIVELIHOOD STRATEGIES LIVESTOCK ASSETS LIVESTOCK OUTPUT LIVESTOCK OWNERSHIP LIVESTOCK PRODUCTIVITY LIVING STANDARDS LOW WAGES MAJORITY OF FARMERS MALNUTRITION MARGINAL EFFECT MEAT MILK MOUNTAIN AREAS MOUNTAINOUS AREAS NONFARM INCOME PENSION PAYMENTS PER CAPITA EXPENDITURE PER CAPITA INCOME POLICY INSTRUMENT POLICY VARIABLES POOR POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR INCOMES POOR PERSON POOR REGION POORER HOUSEHOLDS POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY ASSESSMENT POVERTY GAP POVERTY GAP INDEX POVERTY IMPACT POVERTY INDEX POVERTY INDICES POVERTY LEVEL POVERTY LINE POVERTY MEASURES POVERTY PROFILES POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY SEVERITY POVERTY STATUS PRIVATE TRANSFERS PROTEIN CONTENT REDUCING POVERTY REGIONAL CAPITAL REGIONAL DIFFERENCES REGIONAL ECONOMY REGIONAL LABOR REGIONAL LABOR MARKETS REGIONAL LEVEL REGIONAL POVERTY REMOTE AREAS RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL COMMUNITIES RURAL COUNTERPARTS RURAL DEVELOPMENT RURAL FAMILIES RURAL HOUSEHOLD RURAL HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS RURAL HOUSEHOLDS RURAL LABOR RURAL MIGRANTS RURAL POVERTY RURAL POVERTY LEVELS RURAL POVERTY RATE RURAL POVERTY REDUCTION RURAL POVERTY STATUS RURAL REGIONS SAFETY NET SANITATION SAVINGS SCHOOLING SIGNIFICANT IMPACT SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION SQUARED POVERTY GAP SQUARED POVERTY GAP INDEX SUBSISTENCE TARGETING TRANSACTION COSTS URBAN AREAS URBAN POVERTY VEGETABLES WAGE EMPLOYMENT WAGE RATES WAR Agriculture sector growth has made a powerful contribution to post-war economic recovery in Tajikistan, accounting for approximately one third of overall economic growth from 1998 to 2004. Sector output increased by 65 percent in real terms during this period, and has now returned to the level extant at independence in 1990. Total Factor Productivity (TFP) has also increased, by 3 percent per year. Despite this progress, there is legitimate concern that this growth is unsustainable. Evidence suggests that it has been driven largely by the external factors noted above, rather than substantive changes to resources, incentives and the behavior of factor and commodity markets. First, an extensive program of policy reform, particularly in the area of land ownership, has yet to make a substantial impact on the incentive structure for agricultural workers cultivating the majority of arable land. Second, sustainable growth requires positive net investment. Third, commodity markets remain weak, with a limited capacity to translate increased demand into improved production incentives. And fourth, growth in crop production has been largely driven by low value food and cereal crops. A sustainable increase in access to rural finance will require much greater emphasis on the development of alternative sources of finance for all of agriculture, in addition to resolution of the cotton debt crisis. The capacity for agricultural loan appraisal and management also needs to be strengthened, new collateral instruments introduced and new loan products developed, which are suited to agriculture in general and small-scale farmers in particular. 2013-02-20T19:27:13Z 2013-02-20T19:27:13Z 2012 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/01/16279441/tajikistan-priorities-sustainable-growth-strategy-agriculture-sector-development-vol-7-7 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/12432 English en_US Public expenditure review (PER); CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank Washington, DC Economic & Sector Work :: Other Agricultural Study Economic & Sector Work Europe and Central Asia Tajikistan

Priorities for Sustainable Growth : A Strategy for Agriculture Sector Development in Tajikistan, Technical Annex 6. Rural Poverty

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