A Gender (R)evolution in the Making? Expanding Women's Economic Opportunities in Central America : A Decade in Review
A Gender Revolution in the Making was produced by the World Bank as a special report on the dichotomy of the economic participation of women in Central America from 1997-2007. Central America made considerable progress during 1997-2006: stronger ec...
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Other Poverty Study |
| Language: | English en_US |
| Published: |
Washington, DC
2013
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/01/16275244/gender-revolution-making http://hdl.handle.net/10986/12468 |
| id |
okr-10986-12468 |
|---|---|
| recordtype |
oai_dc |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
AGE DISTRIBUTION AGE GROUP AGE GROUPS AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION APPAREL INDUSTRY AVERAGE EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT AVERAGE WAGE CHILD CARE CHILD REARING DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS DEPENDENCY RATIO DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISADVANTAGED GROUPS DISCRIMINATION DISCRIMINATORY PRACTICES DIVORCE DOMESTIC WORKERS DRIVERS EARLY CHILDHOOD EARLY MOTHERHOOD EARNING EARNINGS INEQUALITY ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC RIGHTS EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES EMPLOYABILITY EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT CREATION EMPLOYMENT GENERATION EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EMPLOYMENT TRENDS ENROLLMENT ENROLLMENT RATES ENROLMENT RATES ENTRY COSTS EXPECTED WAGES EXTENDED FAMILY FAMILY FORMATION FAMILY MEMBERS FAMILY RESPONSIBILITIES FAMILY STRUCTURE FAMILY STRUCTURES FEMALE EMPLOYEES FEMALE EMPLOYMENT FEMALE ENROLLMENT FEMALE ENTREPRENEURS FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION FEMALE WORKER FEMALE WORKERS FEMINIZATION OF POVERTY FERTILITY RATES FIRM SIZE FIRST-TIME JOB SEEKERS FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FORMAL EDUCATION FUTURE GENERATIONS GENDER GENDER BIAS GENDER DIFFERENCES GENDER DIMENSIONS GENDER DISPARITIES GENDER EQUALITY GENDER GAP GENDER GAP IN EDUCATION GENDER GAPS GENDER INEQUALITY GENDER NORMS GENDER ROLES GENDER SEGREGATION GENDER UNIT GENDER WAGE GAPS GIRLS HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS HOUSEHOLD DYNAMICS HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD LEVEL HOUSEHOLD STRUCTURES HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN CAPITAL INCOME DISTRIBUTION INFORMAL SECTOR INFORMAL SECTORS INTERVENTIONS INVESTMENTS IN EDUCATION JOB CREATION JOB PLACEMENT JOB PLACEMENT SERVICES JOB SKILLS JOBS LABOR DEMAND LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR LEGISLATION LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET CONDITIONS LABOR MARKET DEMAND LABOR MARKET EXPERIENCE LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES LABOR MARKET POLICIES LABOR MARKETS LABOR SUPPLY LEGISLATIVE CHANGES LEVEL OF EDUCATION LIFE EXPECTANCY LOCAL FIRM LOW-SKILL INDUSTRY LOWER FERTILITY MALE COUNTERPARTS MALE PARTICIPATION MALE WORKERS MANDATES MARITAL STATUS MARRIED WOMEN MIGRANTS MIGRATION MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL MINIMUM WAGE MOTHER NUMBER OF WORKERS NURSES OCCUPATION OCCUPATIONS PARLIAMENTARY SEATS PARTICIPATION BY WOMEN PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN PARTICIPATION RATES PEACE POLICY DECISIONS POLICY DIALOGUE POLICY MAKERS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POLICY RESPONSE POOR WOMEN POST-PROGRAM EMPLOYMENT POST-PROGRAM EMPLOYMENT RATES PRESENT EVIDENCE PRIMARY COMPLETION PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIVATE FIRMS PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATE SECTOR WORKERS PRODUCTIVE SECTOR PRODUCTIVITY PROGRAM COMPLETION PROGRAM DESIGN PROGRESS PUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYEES PURCHASING POWER PURCHASING POWER PARITY RATE OF GROWTH RATES OF GROWTH REAL WAGES REMITTANCES REPRODUCTIVE ROLES RESOURCE ALLOCATION RESOURCE ALLOCATIONS RESPECT RETURNS TO EDUCATION RURAL AREAS RURAL WOMEN SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOL SECONDARY SCHOOLING SERVICE SECTOR SEX SHORT-TERM TRAINING SINGLE MOTHERS SINGLE WOMEN SINGLE-PARENT HOUSEHOLDS SOCIAL EQUALITY SOCIAL NORMS SOCIAL WORKERS SUBSTITUTION EFFECT SUBSTITUTION EFFECTS SUPPORT SERVICES TECHNICAL TRAINING TEENAGE PREGNANCY TOTAL LABOR FORCE TRAINING COSTS TRAINING INSTITUTIONS TRAINING MODALITY TRAINING PROGRAMS UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYED YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT UNEQUAL CARE UNIVERSAL EDUCATION UNPAID FAMILY WORKERS URBAN AREAS URBAN WOMEN URBANIZATION VOCATIONAL TRAINING WAGE DIFFERENCES WAGE EARNER WAGE EMPLOYMENT WAGE GAP WAGE PREMIUM WOMAN WOMEN WITH CHILDREN WORKER WORKERS WORKFORCE WORKING CONDITIONS YOUNG ADULTS YOUNG CHILDREN YOUNG MOTHERS YOUNG WOMEN YOUNG WORKERS YOUTH PARTICIPATION |
| spellingShingle |
AGE DISTRIBUTION AGE GROUP AGE GROUPS AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION APPAREL INDUSTRY AVERAGE EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT AVERAGE WAGE CHILD CARE CHILD REARING DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS DEPENDENCY RATIO DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISADVANTAGED GROUPS DISCRIMINATION DISCRIMINATORY PRACTICES DIVORCE DOMESTIC WORKERS DRIVERS EARLY CHILDHOOD EARLY MOTHERHOOD EARNING EARNINGS INEQUALITY ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC RIGHTS EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES EMPLOYABILITY EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT CREATION EMPLOYMENT GENERATION EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EMPLOYMENT TRENDS ENROLLMENT ENROLLMENT RATES ENROLMENT RATES ENTRY COSTS EXPECTED WAGES EXTENDED FAMILY FAMILY FORMATION FAMILY MEMBERS FAMILY RESPONSIBILITIES FAMILY STRUCTURE FAMILY STRUCTURES FEMALE EMPLOYEES FEMALE EMPLOYMENT FEMALE ENROLLMENT FEMALE ENTREPRENEURS FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION FEMALE WORKER FEMALE WORKERS FEMINIZATION OF POVERTY FERTILITY RATES FIRM SIZE FIRST-TIME JOB SEEKERS FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FORMAL EDUCATION FUTURE GENERATIONS GENDER GENDER BIAS GENDER DIFFERENCES GENDER DIMENSIONS GENDER DISPARITIES GENDER EQUALITY GENDER GAP GENDER GAP IN EDUCATION GENDER GAPS GENDER INEQUALITY GENDER NORMS GENDER ROLES GENDER SEGREGATION GENDER UNIT GENDER WAGE GAPS GIRLS HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS HOUSEHOLD DYNAMICS HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD LEVEL HOUSEHOLD STRUCTURES HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN CAPITAL INCOME DISTRIBUTION INFORMAL SECTOR INFORMAL SECTORS INTERVENTIONS INVESTMENTS IN EDUCATION JOB CREATION JOB PLACEMENT JOB PLACEMENT SERVICES JOB SKILLS JOBS LABOR DEMAND LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR LEGISLATION LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET CONDITIONS LABOR MARKET DEMAND LABOR MARKET EXPERIENCE LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES LABOR MARKET POLICIES LABOR MARKETS LABOR SUPPLY LEGISLATIVE CHANGES LEVEL OF EDUCATION LIFE EXPECTANCY LOCAL FIRM LOW-SKILL INDUSTRY LOWER FERTILITY MALE COUNTERPARTS MALE PARTICIPATION MALE WORKERS MANDATES MARITAL STATUS MARRIED WOMEN MIGRANTS MIGRATION MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL MINIMUM WAGE MOTHER NUMBER OF WORKERS NURSES OCCUPATION OCCUPATIONS PARLIAMENTARY SEATS PARTICIPATION BY WOMEN PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN PARTICIPATION RATES PEACE POLICY DECISIONS POLICY DIALOGUE POLICY MAKERS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POLICY RESPONSE POOR WOMEN POST-PROGRAM EMPLOYMENT POST-PROGRAM EMPLOYMENT RATES PRESENT EVIDENCE PRIMARY COMPLETION PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIVATE FIRMS PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATE SECTOR WORKERS PRODUCTIVE SECTOR PRODUCTIVITY PROGRAM COMPLETION PROGRAM DESIGN PROGRESS PUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYEES PURCHASING POWER PURCHASING POWER PARITY RATE OF GROWTH RATES OF GROWTH REAL WAGES REMITTANCES REPRODUCTIVE ROLES RESOURCE ALLOCATION RESOURCE ALLOCATIONS RESPECT RETURNS TO EDUCATION RURAL AREAS RURAL WOMEN SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOL SECONDARY SCHOOLING SERVICE SECTOR SEX SHORT-TERM TRAINING SINGLE MOTHERS SINGLE WOMEN SINGLE-PARENT HOUSEHOLDS SOCIAL EQUALITY SOCIAL NORMS SOCIAL WORKERS SUBSTITUTION EFFECT SUBSTITUTION EFFECTS SUPPORT SERVICES TECHNICAL TRAINING TEENAGE PREGNANCY TOTAL LABOR FORCE TRAINING COSTS TRAINING INSTITUTIONS TRAINING MODALITY TRAINING PROGRAMS UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYED YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT UNEQUAL CARE UNIVERSAL EDUCATION UNPAID FAMILY WORKERS URBAN AREAS URBAN WOMEN URBANIZATION VOCATIONAL TRAINING WAGE DIFFERENCES WAGE EARNER WAGE EMPLOYMENT WAGE GAP WAGE PREMIUM WOMAN WOMEN WITH CHILDREN WORKER WORKERS WORKFORCE WORKING CONDITIONS YOUNG ADULTS YOUNG CHILDREN YOUNG MOTHERS YOUNG WOMEN YOUNG WORKERS YOUTH PARTICIPATION World Bank A Gender (R)evolution in the Making? Expanding Women's Economic Opportunities in Central America : A Decade in Review |
| geographic_facet |
Latin America & Caribbean |
| description |
A Gender Revolution in the Making was
produced by the World Bank as a special report on the
dichotomy of the economic participation of women in Central
America from 1997-2007. Central America made considerable
progress during 1997-2006: stronger economic and political
stability, overall positive albeit modest economic growth
and improvements in socio-economic outcomes. Nonetheless,
the panorama for women in the region, and in particular
their ability to work and generate income is mixed. Labor
force participation of women in Central America remained
unchanged over the decade, with one in every two women of
working age still not participating economically. This is
lower than the rest of Latin America, a region with the
lowest labor force participation in the world, although it
has improved significantly in recent years. And yet, women
in the region have made major advances in closing the gender
earnings gaps and increasing their ability to earn income.
Women's contribution to overall income generation in
Central America rose significantly over the decade. This
report aims to identify the factors behind these three
trends. However, stagnant labor force participation rates
for women contrasted with narrowing earnings gaps and a
greater contribution to overall income apparent in Central
America from 1997 to 2006. |
| format |
Economic & Sector Work :: Other Poverty Study |
| author |
World Bank |
| author_facet |
World Bank |
| author_sort |
World Bank |
| title |
A Gender (R)evolution in the Making? Expanding Women's Economic Opportunities in Central America : A Decade in Review |
| title_short |
A Gender (R)evolution in the Making? Expanding Women's Economic Opportunities in Central America : A Decade in Review |
| title_full |
A Gender (R)evolution in the Making? Expanding Women's Economic Opportunities in Central America : A Decade in Review |
| title_fullStr |
A Gender (R)evolution in the Making? Expanding Women's Economic Opportunities in Central America : A Decade in Review |
| title_full_unstemmed |
A Gender (R)evolution in the Making? Expanding Women's Economic Opportunities in Central America : A Decade in Review |
| title_sort |
gender (r)evolution in the making? expanding women's economic opportunities in central america : a decade in review |
| publisher |
Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2013 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/01/16275244/gender-revolution-making http://hdl.handle.net/10986/12468 |
| _version_ |
1764419922299977728 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-124682021-04-23T14:03:01Z A Gender (R)evolution in the Making? Expanding Women's Economic Opportunities in Central America : A Decade in Review World Bank AGE DISTRIBUTION AGE GROUP AGE GROUPS AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION APPAREL INDUSTRY AVERAGE EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT AVERAGE WAGE CHILD CARE CHILD REARING DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS DEPENDENCY RATIO DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISADVANTAGED GROUPS DISCRIMINATION DISCRIMINATORY PRACTICES DIVORCE DOMESTIC WORKERS DRIVERS EARLY CHILDHOOD EARLY MOTHERHOOD EARNING EARNINGS INEQUALITY ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC RIGHTS EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES EMPLOYABILITY EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT CREATION EMPLOYMENT GENERATION EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EMPLOYMENT TRENDS ENROLLMENT ENROLLMENT RATES ENROLMENT RATES ENTRY COSTS EXPECTED WAGES EXTENDED FAMILY FAMILY FORMATION FAMILY MEMBERS FAMILY RESPONSIBILITIES FAMILY STRUCTURE FAMILY STRUCTURES FEMALE EMPLOYEES FEMALE EMPLOYMENT FEMALE ENROLLMENT FEMALE ENTREPRENEURS FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION FEMALE WORKER FEMALE WORKERS FEMINIZATION OF POVERTY FERTILITY RATES FIRM SIZE FIRST-TIME JOB SEEKERS FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FORMAL EDUCATION FUTURE GENERATIONS GENDER GENDER BIAS GENDER DIFFERENCES GENDER DIMENSIONS GENDER DISPARITIES GENDER EQUALITY GENDER GAP GENDER GAP IN EDUCATION GENDER GAPS GENDER INEQUALITY GENDER NORMS GENDER ROLES GENDER SEGREGATION GENDER UNIT GENDER WAGE GAPS GIRLS HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS HOUSEHOLD DYNAMICS HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD LEVEL HOUSEHOLD STRUCTURES HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN CAPITAL INCOME DISTRIBUTION INFORMAL SECTOR INFORMAL SECTORS INTERVENTIONS INVESTMENTS IN EDUCATION JOB CREATION JOB PLACEMENT JOB PLACEMENT SERVICES JOB SKILLS JOBS LABOR DEMAND LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR LEGISLATION LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET CONDITIONS LABOR MARKET DEMAND LABOR MARKET EXPERIENCE LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES LABOR MARKET POLICIES LABOR MARKETS LABOR SUPPLY LEGISLATIVE CHANGES LEVEL OF EDUCATION LIFE EXPECTANCY LOCAL FIRM LOW-SKILL INDUSTRY LOWER FERTILITY MALE COUNTERPARTS MALE PARTICIPATION MALE WORKERS MANDATES MARITAL STATUS MARRIED WOMEN MIGRANTS MIGRATION MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL MINIMUM WAGE MOTHER NUMBER OF WORKERS NURSES OCCUPATION OCCUPATIONS PARLIAMENTARY SEATS PARTICIPATION BY WOMEN PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN PARTICIPATION RATES PEACE POLICY DECISIONS POLICY DIALOGUE POLICY MAKERS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POLICY RESPONSE POOR WOMEN POST-PROGRAM EMPLOYMENT POST-PROGRAM EMPLOYMENT RATES PRESENT EVIDENCE PRIMARY COMPLETION PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIVATE FIRMS PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATE SECTOR WORKERS PRODUCTIVE SECTOR PRODUCTIVITY PROGRAM COMPLETION PROGRAM DESIGN PROGRESS PUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYEES PURCHASING POWER PURCHASING POWER PARITY RATE OF GROWTH RATES OF GROWTH REAL WAGES REMITTANCES REPRODUCTIVE ROLES RESOURCE ALLOCATION RESOURCE ALLOCATIONS RESPECT RETURNS TO EDUCATION RURAL AREAS RURAL WOMEN SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOL SECONDARY SCHOOLING SERVICE SECTOR SEX SHORT-TERM TRAINING SINGLE MOTHERS SINGLE WOMEN SINGLE-PARENT HOUSEHOLDS SOCIAL EQUALITY SOCIAL NORMS SOCIAL WORKERS SUBSTITUTION EFFECT SUBSTITUTION EFFECTS SUPPORT SERVICES TECHNICAL TRAINING TEENAGE PREGNANCY TOTAL LABOR FORCE TRAINING COSTS TRAINING INSTITUTIONS TRAINING MODALITY TRAINING PROGRAMS UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYED YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT UNEQUAL CARE UNIVERSAL EDUCATION UNPAID FAMILY WORKERS URBAN AREAS URBAN WOMEN URBANIZATION VOCATIONAL TRAINING WAGE DIFFERENCES WAGE EARNER WAGE EMPLOYMENT WAGE GAP WAGE PREMIUM WOMAN WOMEN WITH CHILDREN WORKER WORKERS WORKFORCE WORKING CONDITIONS YOUNG ADULTS YOUNG CHILDREN YOUNG MOTHERS YOUNG WOMEN YOUNG WORKERS YOUTH PARTICIPATION A Gender Revolution in the Making was produced by the World Bank as a special report on the dichotomy of the economic participation of women in Central America from 1997-2007. Central America made considerable progress during 1997-2006: stronger economic and political stability, overall positive albeit modest economic growth and improvements in socio-economic outcomes. Nonetheless, the panorama for women in the region, and in particular their ability to work and generate income is mixed. Labor force participation of women in Central America remained unchanged over the decade, with one in every two women of working age still not participating economically. This is lower than the rest of Latin America, a region with the lowest labor force participation in the world, although it has improved significantly in recent years. And yet, women in the region have made major advances in closing the gender earnings gaps and increasing their ability to earn income. Women's contribution to overall income generation in Central America rose significantly over the decade. This report aims to identify the factors behind these three trends. However, stagnant labor force participation rates for women contrasted with narrowing earnings gaps and a greater contribution to overall income apparent in Central America from 1997 to 2006. 2013-02-22T21:02:30Z 2013-02-22T21:02:30Z 2012-01 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/01/16275244/gender-revolution-making http://hdl.handle.net/10986/12468 English en_US CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank Washington, DC Economic & Sector Work :: Other Poverty Study Economic & Sector Work Latin America & Caribbean |