The Gender Impact of Pension Reform
During the past two decades, new multi-pillar systems have developed to make the plans more financially sustainable and beneficial for economic growth. These systems have been sweeping Latin America, the transition economies of Eastern and Central...
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| Format: | Other Financial Sector Study |
| Language: | English en_US |
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2013
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/01/16333153/gender-impact-pension-reform http://hdl.handle.net/10986/13046 |
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okr-10986-13046 |
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| recordtype |
oai_dc |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
ADULTHOOD AGE OF MARRIAGE BEHAVIOR CHANGE BENEFITS FOR WOMEN BIOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES BOTH SEXES BREADWINNERS CAREER WOMEN CHILD CARE CHILD-BEARING CHILD-CARE CHILD-REARING RESPONSIBILITIES COMPENSATION CUSTOM DECLINE IN FERTILITY DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DIVORCE DIVORCED WOMAN ECONOMIC GROWTH EDUCATED MEN EDUCATED WOMEN EDUCATION FOR GIRLS ELDERLY ELDERLY MEN ELDERLY WOMEN EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN ENFORCEMENT MECHANISMS EXTENDED FAMILIES EXTENDED FAMILY FAMILIES FAMILY CONSUMPTION FAMILY INCOME FAMILY MEMBERS FAMILY RESOURCES FAMILY SIZE FAMILY STRUCTURE FAMILY STRUCTURES FAMILY SUPPORT FEMALE FEMALE EDUCATION FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION FEMALE POPULATION FEMALE WORK FEMALE WORKERS FEMALES FERTILITY FERTILITY RATES FEWER CHILDREN FIRST CHILD GENDER GENDER DIFFERENCES GENDER DIFFERENTIALS GENDER DISPARITY GENDER EQUALITY GENDER GAP GENDER IMPACT GENDER IMPLICATIONS GENDER INDICATORS GENDER ISSUES GENDERS GENERATIONS GIRL CHILDREN HIGHLY EDUCATED WOMEN HOME HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD STRUCTURES HUSBAND HUSBANDS IMPORTANT POLICY INCOME SECURITY INEQUALITY INEQUITIES INFORMAL SECTOR INSTITUTIONAL REFORM INSURANCE LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR MARKET LEVEL OF EDUCATION LIFE EXPECTANCY LIVING STANDARDS LONGER LIFE LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES MARITAL STATUS MARRIAGES MARRIED COUPLES MARRIED MEN MARRIED WOMAN MARRIED WOMEN MORAL SUPPORT MORTALITY MOTHER MOTHERS NEW ENTRANTS NUCLEAR FAMILIES NUCLEAR FAMILY OLD AGE OLD MEN OLD SYSTEM OLDER AGE GROUPS OLDER MEN OLDER PEOPLE OLDER WOMEN PARENTHOOD PARENTS PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN PARTICIPATION RATES PENSION PENSIONS POOR WOMEN PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOL EDUCATION PRIVACY PROPORTION OF WOMEN PUBLIC SERVICES RESIDENCE RETURNS TO EDUCATION RICHER COUNTRIES ROLE OF WOMEN RURAL AREAS SAFETY NETS SCHOOLING SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOL SECURITY POLICY SEXES SINGLE WOMEN SOCIAL ASSISTANCE SOCIAL NORMS SOCIAL SECURITY SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEMS SPOUSE SPOUSES STATE UNIVERSITY TRADITIONAL FAMILY TRADITIONAL SOCIETIES URBAN AREAS URBAN WOMEN WIDOW WIDOWERS WIDOWS WIFE WILL WIVES WOMEN WITH CHILDREN WORK EXPERIENCE WORKING WOMEN YOUNG ADULTS YOUNG PEOPLE YOUNG WOMEN |
| spellingShingle |
ADULTHOOD AGE OF MARRIAGE BEHAVIOR CHANGE BENEFITS FOR WOMEN BIOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES BOTH SEXES BREADWINNERS CAREER WOMEN CHILD CARE CHILD-BEARING CHILD-CARE CHILD-REARING RESPONSIBILITIES COMPENSATION CUSTOM DECLINE IN FERTILITY DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DIVORCE DIVORCED WOMAN ECONOMIC GROWTH EDUCATED MEN EDUCATED WOMEN EDUCATION FOR GIRLS ELDERLY ELDERLY MEN ELDERLY WOMEN EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN ENFORCEMENT MECHANISMS EXTENDED FAMILIES EXTENDED FAMILY FAMILIES FAMILY CONSUMPTION FAMILY INCOME FAMILY MEMBERS FAMILY RESOURCES FAMILY SIZE FAMILY STRUCTURE FAMILY STRUCTURES FAMILY SUPPORT FEMALE FEMALE EDUCATION FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION FEMALE POPULATION FEMALE WORK FEMALE WORKERS FEMALES FERTILITY FERTILITY RATES FEWER CHILDREN FIRST CHILD GENDER GENDER DIFFERENCES GENDER DIFFERENTIALS GENDER DISPARITY GENDER EQUALITY GENDER GAP GENDER IMPACT GENDER IMPLICATIONS GENDER INDICATORS GENDER ISSUES GENDERS GENERATIONS GIRL CHILDREN HIGHLY EDUCATED WOMEN HOME HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD STRUCTURES HUSBAND HUSBANDS IMPORTANT POLICY INCOME SECURITY INEQUALITY INEQUITIES INFORMAL SECTOR INSTITUTIONAL REFORM INSURANCE LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR MARKET LEVEL OF EDUCATION LIFE EXPECTANCY LIVING STANDARDS LONGER LIFE LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES MARITAL STATUS MARRIAGES MARRIED COUPLES MARRIED MEN MARRIED WOMAN MARRIED WOMEN MORAL SUPPORT MORTALITY MOTHER MOTHERS NEW ENTRANTS NUCLEAR FAMILIES NUCLEAR FAMILY OLD AGE OLD MEN OLD SYSTEM OLDER AGE GROUPS OLDER MEN OLDER PEOPLE OLDER WOMEN PARENTHOOD PARENTS PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN PARTICIPATION RATES PENSION PENSIONS POOR WOMEN PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOL EDUCATION PRIVACY PROPORTION OF WOMEN PUBLIC SERVICES RESIDENCE RETURNS TO EDUCATION RICHER COUNTRIES ROLE OF WOMEN RURAL AREAS SAFETY NETS SCHOOLING SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOL SECURITY POLICY SEXES SINGLE WOMEN SOCIAL ASSISTANCE SOCIAL NORMS SOCIAL SECURITY SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEMS SPOUSE SPOUSES STATE UNIVERSITY TRADITIONAL FAMILY TRADITIONAL SOCIETIES URBAN AREAS URBAN WOMEN WIDOW WIDOWERS WIDOWS WIFE WILL WIVES WOMEN WITH CHILDREN WORK EXPERIENCE WORKING WOMEN YOUNG ADULTS YOUNG PEOPLE YOUNG WOMEN James, Estelle Cox Edwards, Alejandra Wong, Rebeca The Gender Impact of Pension Reform |
| geographic_facet |
Africa |
| description |
During the past two decades, new
multi-pillar systems have developed to make the plans more
financially sustainable and beneficial for economic growth.
These systems have been sweeping Latin America, the
transition economies of Eastern and Central Europe and the
former Soviet Union, as well as many OECD countries. The
new systems contain two separate mandatory
"pillars" or financing arrangements: a
privately-managed defined contribution (DC) funded plan that
handles workers' retirement saving and a
publicly-managed defined benefit (DB) plan that is reduced
in size compared with the old one and has the objective of
redistributing and diversifying retirement income. In the
defined contribution plan, the contribution is specified and
placed in the worker's individual account but benefits
are uncertain a priori--they depend strictly on
contributions plus investment earnings that accumulate
through the workers' lifetime. The fact that these
accounts are funded, owned by workers, invested in financial
markets, and don't carry a promise of a large
tax-financed old age benefit relieves the government of a
future financial obligation. However, critics argue that
these plans will produce lower pensions for women, who have
worked and contributed less than men. In contrast,
supporters argue that the new systems remove biases in the
old systems that favored men and discouraged work by women.
They hypothesize that separating the redistributive function
from the earnings-related saving function results in more
transparent and targeted redistributions from which women
will benefit. |
| format |
Economic & Sector Work :: Other Financial Sector Study |
| author |
James, Estelle Cox Edwards, Alejandra Wong, Rebeca |
| author_facet |
James, Estelle Cox Edwards, Alejandra Wong, Rebeca |
| author_sort |
James, Estelle |
| title |
The Gender Impact of Pension Reform |
| title_short |
The Gender Impact of Pension Reform |
| title_full |
The Gender Impact of Pension Reform |
| title_fullStr |
The Gender Impact of Pension Reform |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The Gender Impact of Pension Reform |
| title_sort |
gender impact of pension reform |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2013 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/01/16333153/gender-impact-pension-reform http://hdl.handle.net/10986/13046 |
| _version_ |
1764420424577318912 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-130462021-04-23T14:03:02Z The Gender Impact of Pension Reform James, Estelle Cox Edwards, Alejandra Wong, Rebeca ADULTHOOD AGE OF MARRIAGE BEHAVIOR CHANGE BENEFITS FOR WOMEN BIOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES BOTH SEXES BREADWINNERS CAREER WOMEN CHILD CARE CHILD-BEARING CHILD-CARE CHILD-REARING RESPONSIBILITIES COMPENSATION CUSTOM DECLINE IN FERTILITY DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DIVORCE DIVORCED WOMAN ECONOMIC GROWTH EDUCATED MEN EDUCATED WOMEN EDUCATION FOR GIRLS ELDERLY ELDERLY MEN ELDERLY WOMEN EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN ENFORCEMENT MECHANISMS EXTENDED FAMILIES EXTENDED FAMILY FAMILIES FAMILY CONSUMPTION FAMILY INCOME FAMILY MEMBERS FAMILY RESOURCES FAMILY SIZE FAMILY STRUCTURE FAMILY STRUCTURES FAMILY SUPPORT FEMALE FEMALE EDUCATION FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION FEMALE POPULATION FEMALE WORK FEMALE WORKERS FEMALES FERTILITY FERTILITY RATES FEWER CHILDREN FIRST CHILD GENDER GENDER DIFFERENCES GENDER DIFFERENTIALS GENDER DISPARITY GENDER EQUALITY GENDER GAP GENDER IMPACT GENDER IMPLICATIONS GENDER INDICATORS GENDER ISSUES GENDERS GENERATIONS GIRL CHILDREN HIGHLY EDUCATED WOMEN HOME HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD STRUCTURES HUSBAND HUSBANDS IMPORTANT POLICY INCOME SECURITY INEQUALITY INEQUITIES INFORMAL SECTOR INSTITUTIONAL REFORM INSURANCE LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR MARKET LEVEL OF EDUCATION LIFE EXPECTANCY LIVING STANDARDS LONGER LIFE LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES MARITAL STATUS MARRIAGES MARRIED COUPLES MARRIED MEN MARRIED WOMAN MARRIED WOMEN MORAL SUPPORT MORTALITY MOTHER MOTHERS NEW ENTRANTS NUCLEAR FAMILIES NUCLEAR FAMILY OLD AGE OLD MEN OLD SYSTEM OLDER AGE GROUPS OLDER MEN OLDER PEOPLE OLDER WOMEN PARENTHOOD PARENTS PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN PARTICIPATION RATES PENSION PENSIONS POOR WOMEN PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOL EDUCATION PRIVACY PROPORTION OF WOMEN PUBLIC SERVICES RESIDENCE RETURNS TO EDUCATION RICHER COUNTRIES ROLE OF WOMEN RURAL AREAS SAFETY NETS SCHOOLING SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOL SECURITY POLICY SEXES SINGLE WOMEN SOCIAL ASSISTANCE SOCIAL NORMS SOCIAL SECURITY SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEMS SPOUSE SPOUSES STATE UNIVERSITY TRADITIONAL FAMILY TRADITIONAL SOCIETIES URBAN AREAS URBAN WOMEN WIDOW WIDOWERS WIDOWS WIFE WILL WIVES WOMEN WITH CHILDREN WORK EXPERIENCE WORKING WOMEN YOUNG ADULTS YOUNG PEOPLE YOUNG WOMEN During the past two decades, new multi-pillar systems have developed to make the plans more financially sustainable and beneficial for economic growth. These systems have been sweeping Latin America, the transition economies of Eastern and Central Europe and the former Soviet Union, as well as many OECD countries. The new systems contain two separate mandatory "pillars" or financing arrangements: a privately-managed defined contribution (DC) funded plan that handles workers' retirement saving and a publicly-managed defined benefit (DB) plan that is reduced in size compared with the old one and has the objective of redistributing and diversifying retirement income. In the defined contribution plan, the contribution is specified and placed in the worker's individual account but benefits are uncertain a priori--they depend strictly on contributions plus investment earnings that accumulate through the workers' lifetime. The fact that these accounts are funded, owned by workers, invested in financial markets, and don't carry a promise of a large tax-financed old age benefit relieves the government of a future financial obligation. However, critics argue that these plans will produce lower pensions for women, who have worked and contributed less than men. In contrast, supporters argue that the new systems remove biases in the old systems that favored men and discouraged work by women. They hypothesize that separating the redistributive function from the earnings-related saving function results in more transparent and targeted redistributions from which women will benefit. 2013-03-28T19:13:59Z 2013-03-28T19:13:59Z 2012-01 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/01/16333153/gender-impact-pension-reform http://hdl.handle.net/10986/13046 English en_US CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Economic & Sector Work :: Other Financial Sector Study Economic & Sector Work Africa |