Immigration Policies and the Ecuadorian Exodus

Ecuador recently experienced an unprecedented wave of emigration following the severe economic crisis of the late 1990s. Individual-level data for Ecuador and its two main migration destinations, Spain and the United States, are used to examine the size and skill composition of these migration flows...

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Main Authors:	Bertoli, Simone, Moraga, Jesús Fernández-Huertas, Ortega, Francesc
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	en_US
Published:	World Bank 2013
Subjects:	demographic changes Homeland Security host countries Immigrant Immigration Immigration Policies International Conference on Migration international migration labor market language proficiency legal status level of education marital status migrants migration flows policies on migration return migration Rural Areas temporary migrants Unemployment
Online Access:	http://hdl.handle.net/10986/13464

id	okr-10986-13464
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-134642021-04-23T14:03:08Z Immigration Policies and the Ecuadorian Exodus Bertoli, Simone Moraga, Jesús Fernández-Huertas Ortega, Francesc demographic changes Homeland Security host countries Immigrant Immigration Immigration Policies International Conference on Migration international migration labor market language proficiency legal status level of education marital status migrants migration flows policies on migration return migration Rural Areas temporary migrants Unemployment Ecuador recently experienced an unprecedented wave of emigration following the severe economic crisis of the late 1990s. Individual-level data for Ecuador and its two main migration destinations, Spain and the United States, are used to examine the size and skill composition of these migration flows and the role of wage differences in accounting for these features. Estimations of earnings regressions for Ecuadorians in all three countries show substantially larger income gains following migration to the United States than to Spain, with the wage differential increasing with migrants' education level. While this finding can account for the pattern of positive sorting in education toward the United States, it fails to explain why most Ecuadorians opted for Spain. The explanation for this preference appears to lie in Spain's visa waiver program for Ecuadorians. When the program was abruptly terminated, monthly inflows of Ecuadorians to Spain declined immediately. 2013-05-20T20:25:46Z 2013-05-20T20:25:46Z 2011-01-30 Journal Article World Bank Economic Review 1564-698X doi:10.1093/wber/lhr004 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/13464 en_US World Bank Economic Review;25(1) CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/igo World Bank World Bank Journal Article Ecuador
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	en_US
topic	demographic changes Homeland Security host countries Immigrant Immigration Immigration Policies International Conference on Migration international migration labor market language proficiency legal status level of education marital status migrants migration flows policies on migration return migration Rural Areas temporary migrants Unemployment
spellingShingle	demographic changes Homeland Security host countries Immigrant Immigration Immigration Policies International Conference on Migration international migration labor market language proficiency legal status level of education marital status migrants migration flows policies on migration return migration Rural Areas temporary migrants Unemployment Bertoli, Simone Moraga, Jesús Fernández-Huertas Ortega, Francesc Immigration Policies and the Ecuadorian Exodus
geographic_facet	Ecuador
relation	World Bank Economic Review;25(1)
description	Ecuador recently experienced an unprecedented wave of emigration following the severe economic crisis of the late 1990s. Individual-level data for Ecuador and its two main migration destinations, Spain and the United States, are used to examine the size and skill composition of these migration flows and the role of wage differences in accounting for these features. Estimations of earnings regressions for Ecuadorians in all three countries show substantially larger income gains following migration to the United States than to Spain, with the wage differential increasing with migrants' education level. While this finding can account for the pattern of positive sorting in education toward the United States, it fails to explain why most Ecuadorians opted for Spain. The explanation for this preference appears to lie in Spain's visa waiver program for Ecuadorians. When the program was abruptly terminated, monthly inflows of Ecuadorians to Spain declined immediately.
format	Journal Article
author	Bertoli, Simone Moraga, Jesús Fernández-Huertas Ortega, Francesc
author_facet	Bertoli, Simone Moraga, Jesús Fernández-Huertas Ortega, Francesc
author_sort	Bertoli, Simone
title	Immigration Policies and the Ecuadorian Exodus
title_short	Immigration Policies and the Ecuadorian Exodus
title_full	Immigration Policies and the Ecuadorian Exodus
title_fullStr	Immigration Policies and the Ecuadorian Exodus
title_full_unstemmed	Immigration Policies and the Ecuadorian Exodus
title_sort	immigration policies and the ecuadorian exodus
publisher	World Bank
publishDate	2013
url	http://hdl.handle.net/10986/13464
_version_	1764423561969139712

Immigration Policies and the Ecuadorian Exodus

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