Gender and the Business Environment for New Firm Creation
The authors summarize the extant literature on the relationship between gender and entrepreneurship. They note significant quantitative gender differences in business entry, with male-owned firms heavily prevailing over firms owned by women in many parts of the world. They find that enterprises owne...
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| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | en_US |
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World Bank
2013
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10986/13515 |
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okr-10986-135152021-04-23T14:03:08Z Gender and the Business Environment for New Firm Creation Klapper, Leora F. Parker, Simon C. access to credit access to finance business entry business survival collateral discrimination economic activity female entrepreneurs female entrepreneurship Gender gender differences gender discrimination gender gap International Bank microfinance profitability property rights shadow economy woman women entrepreneurs The authors summarize the extant literature on the relationship between gender and entrepreneurship. They note significant quantitative gender differences in business entry, with male-owned firms heavily prevailing over firms owned by women in many parts of the world. They find that enterprises owned by men on the one hand and women on the other are generally concentrated in different sectors, women entrepreneurs being better represented in labor intensive sectors such as trade and services rather than capital intensive manufacturing industries. They also observe certain gender differentials in business survival and growth patterns. Yet an analysis of a large body of literature does not suggest that, in general, the so called “gender gap” in entrepreneurship can be explained by explicit discrimination in laws or regulations. Rather, differences in quantitative and qualitative indicators of business entry and performance can in part be explained by a number of business environment factors that disproportionately affect a woman's decision to operate a business in the formal sector. For example the concentration of women in low capital intensive industries—which require less funding and at the same time have a lower potential for growth and development—might also be driven by barriers against women regarding access to finance. Furthermore, women may have relatively less physical and “reputational” collateral than men, which limits their access to finance. Overall the literature suggests that improvements in the business environment can help promote high-growth female entrepreneurship. 2013-05-21T21:50:57Z 2013-05-21T21:50:57Z 2011-08-01 Journal Article World Bank Research Observer 1564-6971 doi:10.1093/wbro/lkp032 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/13515 en_US World Bank Research Observer;26(2) CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank Journal Article |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
en_US |
| topic |
access to credit access to finance business entry business survival collateral discrimination economic activity female entrepreneurs female entrepreneurship Gender gender differences gender discrimination gender gap International Bank microfinance profitability property rights shadow economy woman women entrepreneurs |
| spellingShingle |
access to credit access to finance business entry business survival collateral discrimination economic activity female entrepreneurs female entrepreneurship Gender gender differences gender discrimination gender gap International Bank microfinance profitability property rights shadow economy woman women entrepreneurs Klapper, Leora F. Parker, Simon C. Gender and the Business Environment for New Firm Creation |
| relation |
World Bank Research Observer;26(2) |
| description |
The authors summarize the extant literature on the relationship between gender and entrepreneurship. They note significant quantitative gender differences in business entry, with male-owned firms heavily prevailing over firms owned by women in many parts of the world. They find that enterprises owned by men on the one hand and women on the other are generally concentrated in different sectors, women entrepreneurs being better represented in labor intensive sectors such as trade and services rather than capital intensive manufacturing industries. They also observe certain gender differentials in business survival and growth patterns. Yet an analysis of a large body of literature does not suggest that, in general, the so called “gender gap” in entrepreneurship can be explained by explicit discrimination in laws or regulations. Rather, differences in quantitative and qualitative indicators of business entry and performance can in part be explained by a number of business environment factors that disproportionately affect a woman's decision to operate a business in the formal sector. For example the concentration of women in low capital intensive industries—which require less funding and at the same time have a lower potential for growth and development—might also be driven by barriers against women regarding access to finance. Furthermore, women may have relatively less physical and “reputational” collateral than men, which limits their access to finance. Overall the literature suggests that improvements in the business environment can help promote high-growth female entrepreneurship. |
| format |
Journal Article |
| author |
Klapper, Leora F. Parker, Simon C. |
| author_facet |
Klapper, Leora F. Parker, Simon C. |
| author_sort |
Klapper, Leora F. |
| title |
Gender and the Business Environment for New Firm Creation |
| title_short |
Gender and the Business Environment for New Firm Creation |
| title_full |
Gender and the Business Environment for New Firm Creation |
| title_fullStr |
Gender and the Business Environment for New Firm Creation |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Gender and the Business Environment for New Firm Creation |
| title_sort |
gender and the business environment for new firm creation |
| publisher |
World Bank |
| publishDate |
2013 |
| url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/13515 |
| _version_ |
1764423659544379392 |