The Expanded Program on Immunization in Pakistan : Recommendations for Improving Performance
The Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) in Pakistan protects against eight vaccine-preventable diseases and immunizes children below 23 months of age. The program was implemented under the Ministry of Health (MOH) until July 11, 2011, when amend...
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| Format: | Working Paper |
| Language: | English en_US |
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2013
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/04/17036819/expanded-program-immunization-pakistan-recommendations-improving-performance http://hdl.handle.net/10986/13579 |
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okr-10986-13579 |
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oai_dc |
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Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
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Digital Repositories |
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World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
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World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
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ACUTE FLACCID PARALYSIS AGE GROUPS AGED ANTIGENS BABIES BASIC HEALTH BCG BEHAVIOR CHANGE BILATERAL DONORS BIRTH RATES BIRTHS CAPACITY BUILDING CHILD HEALTH CHILD MORTALITY CHILD MORTALITY RATES CHILDBEARING CHILDHOOD ILLNESS CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATION CHILDREN FULLY IMMUNIZED CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS COLD CHAIN COMMUNITY HEALTH COMPLICATIONS DANGERS DEATHS DEMAND FOR SERVICES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT PLANS DIARRHEA DIPHTHERIA DISABILITY DISASTERS DISEASE BURDEN DISEASE CONTROL DISEASE SURVEILLANCE DISPENSARIES DOSES OF VACCINE EARTHQUAKE EMERGENCIES EMERGENCY RESPONSE EXPENDITURES FACT SHEET FAMILY PLANNING FATIGUE FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS GOOD GOVERNANCE HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE DELIVERY HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS HEALTH CARE SERVICES HEALTH CARE WORKERS HEALTH CAREDELIVERY HEALTH CENTERS HEALTH CENTRES HEALTH DELIVERY HEALTH EXPENDITURES HEALTH FACILITIES HEALTH INITIATIVES HEALTH POLICIES HEALTH POLICY HEALTH REGULATIONS HEALTH SECTOR HEALTH SERVICE HEALTH SERVICES HEALTH SPECIALIST HEALTH SYSTEM HEALTH SYSTEM STRENGTHENING HEALTH WORKERS HEPATITIS HEPATITIS B HOSPITAL HOSPITALS HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RESOURCES HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT ILLNESS ILLNESSES IMCI IMMUNIZATION IMMUNIZATION ACTIVITIES IMMUNIZATION ACTIVITY INCOME INFANT INFANT MORTALITY INFANT MORTALITY RATES INFANTS INFECTION INFLUENZA INSERVICE TRAINING INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF CHILDHOOD ILLNESS INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF CHILDHOOD ILLNESSES INTEGRATION INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION INTERNATIONAL HEALTH REGULATIONS INTERVENTION LARGE POPULATION LIMITED RESOURCES LIVING STANDARDS LOCAL COMMUNITY LOCAL GOVERNMENTS LOCAL POPULATION MALARIA MALARIA CONTROL MALNUTRITION MANAGEMENT OF HEALTH MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH MATERNAL CHILD HEALTH MCH MEASLES MEDICAL EQUIPMENT MEDICAL OFFICER MEDICAL OFFICERS MEDICAL PRACTITIONERS MEDICINE MENINGITIS MIDWIFERY MIGRATION MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS MINISTRY OF HEALTH MOBILE TEAMS MORBIDITY MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY MORTALITY NATIONAL HEALTH POLICY NATIONAL HEALTH SYSTEMS NATIONAL LEVEL NATIONAL LEVELS NEGATIVE EFFECTS NEONATAL TETANUS NNT NUMBER OF CHILDREN NUTRITION OBSTETRICS OUTREACH ACTIVITIES PERTUSSIS PLACE OF RESIDENCE PNEUMONIA POLICY MAKERS POLIO POLIO ERADICATION POLIO ERADICATION INITIATIVE POLIO VACCINE POLIOMYELITIS POPULATION ESTIMATES POPULATION GROUPS PRACTITIONERS PREGNANT WOMEN PREVENTABLE DISEASE PREVENTABLE DISEASES PREVENTIVE HEALTH SERVICES PRIMARY HEALTH CARE PRIMARY HEALTH CARE SERVICES PROGRESS PUBLIC HEALTH REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH PROGRAM RESOURCE ALLOCATION RESPECT ROOMS ROTAVIRUS RURAL AREAS SAFE MOTHERHOOD SAFETY MEASURES SECRETARY OF HEALTH SERVICE DELIVERY SERVICE PROVIDER SERVICE PROVIDERS SERVICE PROVISION SERVICE UTILIZATION SOCIAL MOBILIZATION SOCIAL SERVICES SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS SYRINGES TB TB CONTROL TEACHING HOSPITALS TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TETANUS TREATMENT TUBERCULOSIS URBAN AREAS VACCINATION VACCINE COVERAGE VACCINE PREVENTABLE DISEASES VACCINE VIAL MONITORS VACCINES VIRUS VIRUSES WOMEN OF CHILDBEARING AGE WORKERS WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION |
| spellingShingle |
ACUTE FLACCID PARALYSIS AGE GROUPS AGED ANTIGENS BABIES BASIC HEALTH BCG BEHAVIOR CHANGE BILATERAL DONORS BIRTH RATES BIRTHS CAPACITY BUILDING CHILD HEALTH CHILD MORTALITY CHILD MORTALITY RATES CHILDBEARING CHILDHOOD ILLNESS CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATION CHILDREN FULLY IMMUNIZED CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS COLD CHAIN COMMUNITY HEALTH COMPLICATIONS DANGERS DEATHS DEMAND FOR SERVICES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT PLANS DIARRHEA DIPHTHERIA DISABILITY DISASTERS DISEASE BURDEN DISEASE CONTROL DISEASE SURVEILLANCE DISPENSARIES DOSES OF VACCINE EARTHQUAKE EMERGENCIES EMERGENCY RESPONSE EXPENDITURES FACT SHEET FAMILY PLANNING FATIGUE FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS GOOD GOVERNANCE HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE DELIVERY HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS HEALTH CARE SERVICES HEALTH CARE WORKERS HEALTH CAREDELIVERY HEALTH CENTERS HEALTH CENTRES HEALTH DELIVERY HEALTH EXPENDITURES HEALTH FACILITIES HEALTH INITIATIVES HEALTH POLICIES HEALTH POLICY HEALTH REGULATIONS HEALTH SECTOR HEALTH SERVICE HEALTH SERVICES HEALTH SPECIALIST HEALTH SYSTEM HEALTH SYSTEM STRENGTHENING HEALTH WORKERS HEPATITIS HEPATITIS B HOSPITAL HOSPITALS HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RESOURCES HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT ILLNESS ILLNESSES IMCI IMMUNIZATION IMMUNIZATION ACTIVITIES IMMUNIZATION ACTIVITY INCOME INFANT INFANT MORTALITY INFANT MORTALITY RATES INFANTS INFECTION INFLUENZA INSERVICE TRAINING INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF CHILDHOOD ILLNESS INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF CHILDHOOD ILLNESSES INTEGRATION INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION INTERNATIONAL HEALTH REGULATIONS INTERVENTION LARGE POPULATION LIMITED RESOURCES LIVING STANDARDS LOCAL COMMUNITY LOCAL GOVERNMENTS LOCAL POPULATION MALARIA MALARIA CONTROL MALNUTRITION MANAGEMENT OF HEALTH MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH MATERNAL CHILD HEALTH MCH MEASLES MEDICAL EQUIPMENT MEDICAL OFFICER MEDICAL OFFICERS MEDICAL PRACTITIONERS MEDICINE MENINGITIS MIDWIFERY MIGRATION MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS MINISTRY OF HEALTH MOBILE TEAMS MORBIDITY MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY MORTALITY NATIONAL HEALTH POLICY NATIONAL HEALTH SYSTEMS NATIONAL LEVEL NATIONAL LEVELS NEGATIVE EFFECTS NEONATAL TETANUS NNT NUMBER OF CHILDREN NUTRITION OBSTETRICS OUTREACH ACTIVITIES PERTUSSIS PLACE OF RESIDENCE PNEUMONIA POLICY MAKERS POLIO POLIO ERADICATION POLIO ERADICATION INITIATIVE POLIO VACCINE POLIOMYELITIS POPULATION ESTIMATES POPULATION GROUPS PRACTITIONERS PREGNANT WOMEN PREVENTABLE DISEASE PREVENTABLE DISEASES PREVENTIVE HEALTH SERVICES PRIMARY HEALTH CARE PRIMARY HEALTH CARE SERVICES PROGRESS PUBLIC HEALTH REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH PROGRAM RESOURCE ALLOCATION RESPECT ROOMS ROTAVIRUS RURAL AREAS SAFE MOTHERHOOD SAFETY MEASURES SECRETARY OF HEALTH SERVICE DELIVERY SERVICE PROVIDER SERVICE PROVIDERS SERVICE PROVISION SERVICE UTILIZATION SOCIAL MOBILIZATION SOCIAL SERVICES SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS SYRINGES TB TB CONTROL TEACHING HOSPITALS TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TETANUS TREATMENT TUBERCULOSIS URBAN AREAS VACCINATION VACCINE COVERAGE VACCINE PREVENTABLE DISEASES VACCINE VIAL MONITORS VACCINES VIRUS VIRUSES WOMEN OF CHILDBEARING AGE WORKERS WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION Masud, Tayyeb Navaratne, Kumari Vinodhani The Expanded Program on Immunization in Pakistan : Recommendations for Improving Performance |
| geographic_facet |
South Asia Pakistan |
| relation |
Health, Nutrition and Population (HNP)
discussion paper; |
| description |
The Expanded Program on Immunization
(EPI) in Pakistan protects against eight vaccine-preventable
diseases and immunizes children below 23 months of age. The
program was implemented under the Ministry of Health (MOH)
until July 11, 2011, when amendment 18 to the constitution
devolved health as a subject completely to the provinces.
Currently, the EPI is managed and implemented at the
provincial level with coordination provided by the Ministry
of inter provincial coordination. During the last decade,
EPI performance has been stagnant with only 40-60 percent of
children receiving the vaccines age-appropriately. Vaccine
preventable diseases are still a major cause for the high
infant and child mortality rates in Pakistan. Evidence
suggests that underachievement of the EPI is due to a
combination of factors including; inadequate performance in
the areas of service delivery, program management,
monitoring and evaluation, logistics control, human
resources management and financing, as well as community
health-seeking behaviors and other demand-side issues. The
recommendations include: (i) increasing focus on
supervision, monitoring and evaluation, (ii) considering
performance-based incentives, (iii) exploring partnerships
with the private sector, (iv) expediting polio eradication
initiatives, (v) improving management, (vi) increasing
targeted capacity development, (vii) concentrating on the
target age group for immunization, (viii) developing
socially acceptable strategies, (ix) developing a human
resource strategy and implementation plan, and (x) improving
planning at the local level. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Working Paper |
| author |
Masud, Tayyeb Navaratne, Kumari Vinodhani |
| author_facet |
Masud, Tayyeb Navaratne, Kumari Vinodhani |
| author_sort |
Masud, Tayyeb |
| title |
The Expanded Program on Immunization in Pakistan : Recommendations for Improving Performance |
| title_short |
The Expanded Program on Immunization in Pakistan : Recommendations for Improving Performance |
| title_full |
The Expanded Program on Immunization in Pakistan : Recommendations for Improving Performance |
| title_fullStr |
The Expanded Program on Immunization in Pakistan : Recommendations for Improving Performance |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The Expanded Program on Immunization in Pakistan : Recommendations for Improving Performance |
| title_sort |
expanded program on immunization in pakistan : recommendations for improving performance |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2013 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/04/17036819/expanded-program-immunization-pakistan-recommendations-improving-performance http://hdl.handle.net/10986/13579 |
| _version_ |
1764423798344384512 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-135792021-04-23T14:03:08Z The Expanded Program on Immunization in Pakistan : Recommendations for Improving Performance Masud, Tayyeb Navaratne, Kumari Vinodhani ACUTE FLACCID PARALYSIS AGE GROUPS AGED ANTIGENS BABIES BASIC HEALTH BCG BEHAVIOR CHANGE BILATERAL DONORS BIRTH RATES BIRTHS CAPACITY BUILDING CHILD HEALTH CHILD MORTALITY CHILD MORTALITY RATES CHILDBEARING CHILDHOOD ILLNESS CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATION CHILDREN FULLY IMMUNIZED CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS COLD CHAIN COMMUNITY HEALTH COMPLICATIONS DANGERS DEATHS DEMAND FOR SERVICES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT PLANS DIARRHEA DIPHTHERIA DISABILITY DISASTERS DISEASE BURDEN DISEASE CONTROL DISEASE SURVEILLANCE DISPENSARIES DOSES OF VACCINE EARTHQUAKE EMERGENCIES EMERGENCY RESPONSE EXPENDITURES FACT SHEET FAMILY PLANNING FATIGUE FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS GOOD GOVERNANCE HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE DELIVERY HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS HEALTH CARE SERVICES HEALTH CARE WORKERS HEALTH CAREDELIVERY HEALTH CENTERS HEALTH CENTRES HEALTH DELIVERY HEALTH EXPENDITURES HEALTH FACILITIES HEALTH INITIATIVES HEALTH POLICIES HEALTH POLICY HEALTH REGULATIONS HEALTH SECTOR HEALTH SERVICE HEALTH SERVICES HEALTH SPECIALIST HEALTH SYSTEM HEALTH SYSTEM STRENGTHENING HEALTH WORKERS HEPATITIS HEPATITIS B HOSPITAL HOSPITALS HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RESOURCES HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT ILLNESS ILLNESSES IMCI IMMUNIZATION IMMUNIZATION ACTIVITIES IMMUNIZATION ACTIVITY INCOME INFANT INFANT MORTALITY INFANT MORTALITY RATES INFANTS INFECTION INFLUENZA INSERVICE TRAINING INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF CHILDHOOD ILLNESS INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF CHILDHOOD ILLNESSES INTEGRATION INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION INTERNATIONAL HEALTH REGULATIONS INTERVENTION LARGE POPULATION LIMITED RESOURCES LIVING STANDARDS LOCAL COMMUNITY LOCAL GOVERNMENTS LOCAL POPULATION MALARIA MALARIA CONTROL MALNUTRITION MANAGEMENT OF HEALTH MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH MATERNAL CHILD HEALTH MCH MEASLES MEDICAL EQUIPMENT MEDICAL OFFICER MEDICAL OFFICERS MEDICAL PRACTITIONERS MEDICINE MENINGITIS MIDWIFERY MIGRATION MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS MINISTRY OF HEALTH MOBILE TEAMS MORBIDITY MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY MORTALITY NATIONAL HEALTH POLICY NATIONAL HEALTH SYSTEMS NATIONAL LEVEL NATIONAL LEVELS NEGATIVE EFFECTS NEONATAL TETANUS NNT NUMBER OF CHILDREN NUTRITION OBSTETRICS OUTREACH ACTIVITIES PERTUSSIS PLACE OF RESIDENCE PNEUMONIA POLICY MAKERS POLIO POLIO ERADICATION POLIO ERADICATION INITIATIVE POLIO VACCINE POLIOMYELITIS POPULATION ESTIMATES POPULATION GROUPS PRACTITIONERS PREGNANT WOMEN PREVENTABLE DISEASE PREVENTABLE DISEASES PREVENTIVE HEALTH SERVICES PRIMARY HEALTH CARE PRIMARY HEALTH CARE SERVICES PROGRESS PUBLIC HEALTH REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH PROGRAM RESOURCE ALLOCATION RESPECT ROOMS ROTAVIRUS RURAL AREAS SAFE MOTHERHOOD SAFETY MEASURES SECRETARY OF HEALTH SERVICE DELIVERY SERVICE PROVIDER SERVICE PROVIDERS SERVICE PROVISION SERVICE UTILIZATION SOCIAL MOBILIZATION SOCIAL SERVICES SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS SYRINGES TB TB CONTROL TEACHING HOSPITALS TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TETANUS TREATMENT TUBERCULOSIS URBAN AREAS VACCINATION VACCINE COVERAGE VACCINE PREVENTABLE DISEASES VACCINE VIAL MONITORS VACCINES VIRUS VIRUSES WOMEN OF CHILDBEARING AGE WORKERS WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION The Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) in Pakistan protects against eight vaccine-preventable diseases and immunizes children below 23 months of age. The program was implemented under the Ministry of Health (MOH) until July 11, 2011, when amendment 18 to the constitution devolved health as a subject completely to the provinces. Currently, the EPI is managed and implemented at the provincial level with coordination provided by the Ministry of inter provincial coordination. During the last decade, EPI performance has been stagnant with only 40-60 percent of children receiving the vaccines age-appropriately. Vaccine preventable diseases are still a major cause for the high infant and child mortality rates in Pakistan. Evidence suggests that underachievement of the EPI is due to a combination of factors including; inadequate performance in the areas of service delivery, program management, monitoring and evaluation, logistics control, human resources management and financing, as well as community health-seeking behaviors and other demand-side issues. The recommendations include: (i) increasing focus on supervision, monitoring and evaluation, (ii) considering performance-based incentives, (iii) exploring partnerships with the private sector, (iv) expediting polio eradication initiatives, (v) improving management, (vi) increasing targeted capacity development, (vii) concentrating on the target age group for immunization, (viii) developing socially acceptable strategies, (ix) developing a human resource strategy and implementation plan, and (x) improving planning at the local level. 2013-05-28T20:01:28Z 2013-05-28T20:01:28Z 2012-04 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/04/17036819/expanded-program-immunization-pakistan-recommendations-improving-performance http://hdl.handle.net/10986/13579 English en_US Health, Nutrition and Population (HNP) discussion paper; CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Working Paper Publications & Research South Asia Pakistan |