Vaccines and Drugs : Characteristics of Their Use to Meet Public Health Goals
The major characteristics of vaccines and drugs are reviewed and contrasted in seven key areas: research and development, the market, supply sources, regulation, procurement, financing, and access. The comparison helps to identify areas where acces...
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| Format: | Working Paper |
| Language: | English en_US |
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2013
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2005/03/5735382/vaccines-drugs-characteristics-use-meet-public-health-goals http://hdl.handle.net/10986/13696 |
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okr-10986-13696 |
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| recordtype |
oai_dc |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
ACCOUNTING ACTIVE INGREDIENTS ADVOCACY AGED AMBULATORY CARE ANTIMALARIALS BARRIERS TO ENTRY CANCER CAPSULES CHANGE IN SUPPLY CHOLERA CLINICAL TRIALS COLD CHAIN COMMUNICABLE DISEASE DEMAND FORECASTING DIFFERENTIAL PRICING DIPHTHERIA DISEASE BURDEN DISEASE CONTROL DISEASE PREVALENCE DISEASE PREVENTION DISEASE TRANSMISSION DISEASES DOMESTIC MANUFACTURERS DOSAGE FORMS DRUG INDUSTRY DRUGS ECONOMIC IMPACT ECONOMIES OF SCALE ENCEPHALITIS EXPORT MARKETS FIXED COSTS GENERIC PRODUCTS HEALTH CARE HEALTH GOALS HEALTH PROGRAMS HEALTH SECTOR HEALTH SERVICES HEPATITIS HEPATITIS A HEPATITIS B HIV HOSPITALS HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IMMUNIZATION IMMUNIZATIONS IMPORTS INCOME INFECTIONS INFLUENZA INFLUENZA VACCINE INNOVATION INTERVENTION LOCAL MANUFACTURERS LYME DISEASE MALARIA MARKET MARKET ANALYSIS MARKET CONDITIONS MARKET ENTRY MARKET RISKS MARKET SEGMENTATION MARKET SEGMENTS MARKET VALUE MARKETING MEASLES MEDICINE MENINGITIS MUMPS NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT NUTRITION ORPHAN DRUG LEGISLATION PACKAGING PATENT EXTENSIONS PATENTS PATIENTS PERFORMANCE CRITERIA PERTUSSIS PERTUSSIS VACCINE PHARMACEUTICAL POLICY PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTION PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS PHARMACEUTICALS PLAGUE PNEUMONIA POLIOMYELITIS PRICE COMPARISONS PRICING STRATEGIES PRIVATE SECTOR PROCUREMENT PRODUCERS PRODUCTION COSTS PRODUCTION PROCESSES PROPERTY RIGHTS PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC SECTOR QUALITY CONTROL QUALITY STANDARDS RABIES RARE DISEASES RATIONAL USE OF DRUGS REAL/POTENTIAL DEMAND REGULATORY AUTHORITIES ROTAVIRUS RUBELLA SAFETY SALES SMALLPOX STOCK MANAGEMENT SUPPLIERS SUPPLY SYNDROME TENDERING TETANUS THERAPIES TREATMENT TUBERCULOSIS TYPHOID VACCINATION VACCINE PRODUCTION VACCINES VARICELLA WILLINGNESS TO PAY WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION YELLOW FEVER |
| spellingShingle |
ACCOUNTING ACTIVE INGREDIENTS ADVOCACY AGED AMBULATORY CARE ANTIMALARIALS BARRIERS TO ENTRY CANCER CAPSULES CHANGE IN SUPPLY CHOLERA CLINICAL TRIALS COLD CHAIN COMMUNICABLE DISEASE DEMAND FORECASTING DIFFERENTIAL PRICING DIPHTHERIA DISEASE BURDEN DISEASE CONTROL DISEASE PREVALENCE DISEASE PREVENTION DISEASE TRANSMISSION DISEASES DOMESTIC MANUFACTURERS DOSAGE FORMS DRUG INDUSTRY DRUGS ECONOMIC IMPACT ECONOMIES OF SCALE ENCEPHALITIS EXPORT MARKETS FIXED COSTS GENERIC PRODUCTS HEALTH CARE HEALTH GOALS HEALTH PROGRAMS HEALTH SECTOR HEALTH SERVICES HEPATITIS HEPATITIS A HEPATITIS B HIV HOSPITALS HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IMMUNIZATION IMMUNIZATIONS IMPORTS INCOME INFECTIONS INFLUENZA INFLUENZA VACCINE INNOVATION INTERVENTION LOCAL MANUFACTURERS LYME DISEASE MALARIA MARKET MARKET ANALYSIS MARKET CONDITIONS MARKET ENTRY MARKET RISKS MARKET SEGMENTATION MARKET SEGMENTS MARKET VALUE MARKETING MEASLES MEDICINE MENINGITIS MUMPS NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT NUTRITION ORPHAN DRUG LEGISLATION PACKAGING PATENT EXTENSIONS PATENTS PATIENTS PERFORMANCE CRITERIA PERTUSSIS PERTUSSIS VACCINE PHARMACEUTICAL POLICY PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTION PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS PHARMACEUTICALS PLAGUE PNEUMONIA POLIOMYELITIS PRICE COMPARISONS PRICING STRATEGIES PRIVATE SECTOR PROCUREMENT PRODUCERS PRODUCTION COSTS PRODUCTION PROCESSES PROPERTY RIGHTS PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC SECTOR QUALITY CONTROL QUALITY STANDARDS RABIES RARE DISEASES RATIONAL USE OF DRUGS REAL/POTENTIAL DEMAND REGULATORY AUTHORITIES ROTAVIRUS RUBELLA SAFETY SALES SMALLPOX STOCK MANAGEMENT SUPPLIERS SUPPLY SYNDROME TENDERING TETANUS THERAPIES TREATMENT TUBERCULOSIS TYPHOID VACCINATION VACCINE PRODUCTION VACCINES VARICELLA WILLINGNESS TO PAY WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION YELLOW FEVER Milstien, Julie B. Batson, Amie Wertheimer, Albert I. Vaccines and Drugs : Characteristics of Their Use to Meet Public Health Goals |
| relation |
Health, Nutrition and Population (HNP)
discussion paper; |
| description |
The major characteristics of vaccines
and drugs are reviewed and contrasted in seven key areas:
research and development, the market, supply sources,
regulation, procurement, financing, and access. The
comparison helps to identify areas where access could be
enhanced. These conclusions are drawn: (1) While public
investment in R&D has been more frequent for vaccines
than for drugs, it has normally covered only a fraction of
R&D costs. Concerted action is needed to stimulate
development of innovative public health products, with
public-private partnerships being a way to stimulate work
towards a specific goal. (2) Drugs and vaccines face
different market conditions that affect the ability to
forecast demand. While for drugs, use depends on individual
willingness to pay; the vaccine market depends on government
willingness to pay, based on epidemiological justification
for use of a product. (3) The supply landscape differs for
drugs and vaccines, with fewer vaccine manufacturers. This
limits competition, compared to the case of generic drug
products. Strict control of the supply chain for vaccines
minimizes leakage, and makes differential pricing easier to
implement. (4) A joint approach to the regulatory process
for drugs and vaccines will have benefits, especially as
their regulation is normally controlled by a single agency
within a country. Risk-benefit assessments by the US FDA do
not consider global implications, creating a need for
capacity to do risk-benefit assessments in developing
countries. (5) Similar procurement principles could be
applied to the prequalification process for drugs and
vaccines. (6) Societies often undervalue prevention in
health care, which impacts vaccine prices and financing. (7)
Activities that enhance access to drugs will also enhance
vaccine access, although the relative importance of
different factors inhibiting access may differ. Both
differential pricing as well as compulsory licensing may be considered. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Working Paper |
| author |
Milstien, Julie B. Batson, Amie Wertheimer, Albert I. |
| author_facet |
Milstien, Julie B. Batson, Amie Wertheimer, Albert I. |
| author_sort |
Milstien, Julie B. |
| title |
Vaccines and Drugs : Characteristics of Their Use to Meet Public Health Goals |
| title_short |
Vaccines and Drugs : Characteristics of Their Use to Meet Public Health Goals |
| title_full |
Vaccines and Drugs : Characteristics of Their Use to Meet Public Health Goals |
| title_fullStr |
Vaccines and Drugs : Characteristics of Their Use to Meet Public Health Goals |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Vaccines and Drugs : Characteristics of Their Use to Meet Public Health Goals |
| title_sort |
vaccines and drugs : characteristics of their use to meet public health goals |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2013 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2005/03/5735382/vaccines-drugs-characteristics-use-meet-public-health-goals http://hdl.handle.net/10986/13696 |
| _version_ |
1764424014958166016 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-136962021-04-23T14:03:09Z Vaccines and Drugs : Characteristics of Their Use to Meet Public Health Goals Milstien, Julie B. Batson, Amie Wertheimer, Albert I. ACCOUNTING ACTIVE INGREDIENTS ADVOCACY AGED AMBULATORY CARE ANTIMALARIALS BARRIERS TO ENTRY CANCER CAPSULES CHANGE IN SUPPLY CHOLERA CLINICAL TRIALS COLD CHAIN COMMUNICABLE DISEASE DEMAND FORECASTING DIFFERENTIAL PRICING DIPHTHERIA DISEASE BURDEN DISEASE CONTROL DISEASE PREVALENCE DISEASE PREVENTION DISEASE TRANSMISSION DISEASES DOMESTIC MANUFACTURERS DOSAGE FORMS DRUG INDUSTRY DRUGS ECONOMIC IMPACT ECONOMIES OF SCALE ENCEPHALITIS EXPORT MARKETS FIXED COSTS GENERIC PRODUCTS HEALTH CARE HEALTH GOALS HEALTH PROGRAMS HEALTH SECTOR HEALTH SERVICES HEPATITIS HEPATITIS A HEPATITIS B HIV HOSPITALS HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IMMUNIZATION IMMUNIZATIONS IMPORTS INCOME INFECTIONS INFLUENZA INFLUENZA VACCINE INNOVATION INTERVENTION LOCAL MANUFACTURERS LYME DISEASE MALARIA MARKET MARKET ANALYSIS MARKET CONDITIONS MARKET ENTRY MARKET RISKS MARKET SEGMENTATION MARKET SEGMENTS MARKET VALUE MARKETING MEASLES MEDICINE MENINGITIS MUMPS NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT NUTRITION ORPHAN DRUG LEGISLATION PACKAGING PATENT EXTENSIONS PATENTS PATIENTS PERFORMANCE CRITERIA PERTUSSIS PERTUSSIS VACCINE PHARMACEUTICAL POLICY PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTION PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS PHARMACEUTICALS PLAGUE PNEUMONIA POLIOMYELITIS PRICE COMPARISONS PRICING STRATEGIES PRIVATE SECTOR PROCUREMENT PRODUCERS PRODUCTION COSTS PRODUCTION PROCESSES PROPERTY RIGHTS PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC SECTOR QUALITY CONTROL QUALITY STANDARDS RABIES RARE DISEASES RATIONAL USE OF DRUGS REAL/POTENTIAL DEMAND REGULATORY AUTHORITIES ROTAVIRUS RUBELLA SAFETY SALES SMALLPOX STOCK MANAGEMENT SUPPLIERS SUPPLY SYNDROME TENDERING TETANUS THERAPIES TREATMENT TUBERCULOSIS TYPHOID VACCINATION VACCINE PRODUCTION VACCINES VARICELLA WILLINGNESS TO PAY WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION YELLOW FEVER The major characteristics of vaccines and drugs are reviewed and contrasted in seven key areas: research and development, the market, supply sources, regulation, procurement, financing, and access. The comparison helps to identify areas where access could be enhanced. These conclusions are drawn: (1) While public investment in R&D has been more frequent for vaccines than for drugs, it has normally covered only a fraction of R&D costs. Concerted action is needed to stimulate development of innovative public health products, with public-private partnerships being a way to stimulate work towards a specific goal. (2) Drugs and vaccines face different market conditions that affect the ability to forecast demand. While for drugs, use depends on individual willingness to pay; the vaccine market depends on government willingness to pay, based on epidemiological justification for use of a product. (3) The supply landscape differs for drugs and vaccines, with fewer vaccine manufacturers. This limits competition, compared to the case of generic drug products. Strict control of the supply chain for vaccines minimizes leakage, and makes differential pricing easier to implement. (4) A joint approach to the regulatory process for drugs and vaccines will have benefits, especially as their regulation is normally controlled by a single agency within a country. Risk-benefit assessments by the US FDA do not consider global implications, creating a need for capacity to do risk-benefit assessments in developing countries. (5) Similar procurement principles could be applied to the prequalification process for drugs and vaccines. (6) Societies often undervalue prevention in health care, which impacts vaccine prices and financing. (7) Activities that enhance access to drugs will also enhance vaccine access, although the relative importance of different factors inhibiting access may differ. Both differential pricing as well as compulsory licensing may be considered. 2013-05-30T17:20:23Z 2013-05-30T17:20:23Z 2005-03 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2005/03/5735382/vaccines-drugs-characteristics-use-meet-public-health-goals http://hdl.handle.net/10986/13696 English en_US Health, Nutrition and Population (HNP) discussion paper; CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Working Paper Publications & Research |