Water, Sanitation and Hygiene : Interventions and Diarrhoea

Water, Sanitation and Hygiene : Interventions and Diarrhoea

Many individual studies have reported results of interventions intended to reduce illness through improvements in drinking water, sanitation facilities and hygiene practices. This paper provides a formal systematic review and meta-analysis examinin...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Fewtrell, Lorna, Colford, John M. Jr.
Format: Working Paper
Language:English
en_US
Published: World Bank, Washington, DC 2013
Subjects:
ADEQUATE SANITATION
AGED
ANIMAL EXCRETA
BASIC SANITATION
BASIC WATER SUPPLY
CHILD MORTALITY
CHOLERA
CONTAMINANTS
DIARRHEAL DISEASES
DISEASE RISK
DRINKING WATER
DRINKING WATER SUPPLY
DYSENTERY
EPIDEMIOLOGY
EXCRETA DISPOSAL
GROUND WATER
HAND PUMP
HEALTH EDUCATION
HOUSEHOLD CONNECTION
HOUSEHOLD CONNECTIONS
HUMAN EXCRETA
HUMAN FAECES
HYGIENE
HYGIENE BEHAVIOURS
HYGIENE EDUCATION
HYGIENE PRACTICES
HYGIENE PROMOTION
HYGIENIC BEHAVIOUR
INADEQUATE WATER
INADEQUATE WATER SUPPLY
INCIDENCE OF DIARRHOEA
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
INTERVENTION
MORBIDITY
NUTRITION
PIT LATRINE
PROVISION OF SERVICES
PROVISION OF WATER
PUBLIC HEALTH
PUBLIC STANDPIPE
QUALITY
RAINWATER COLLECTION
RIVERS
SAFE WATER
SANITATION
SANITATION FACILITIES
SANITATION SERVICES
SANITATION SITUATION
SANITATION WATER
SANITATION WATER SUPPLY
SURFACE WATER
USE OF WATER
WASHING
WASTE WATER
WATER
WATER CONSUMPTION
WATER QUALITY
WATER QUANTITY
WATER SECTOR
WATER SOURCE
WATER SUPPLIES
WATER SUPPLY
WATER TANKER
WATER TREATMENT
Online Access:http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2004/07/6566654/water-sanitation-hygiene-interventions-diarrhoea-systematic-review-meta-analysis
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/13742
Description
Summary:Many individual studies have reported results of interventions intended to reduce illness through improvements in drinking water, sanitation facilities and hygiene practices. This paper provides a formal systematic review and meta-analysis examining the evidence of the effectiveness of these interventions. Through a comprehensive literature search and bibliographic review, 2120 titles published prior to June 26th, 2003 were screened, 336 papers were obtained for a more thorough examination, and 64 of these papers (representing 60 distinct studies) were identified which detailed water supply, water quality, sanitation, hygiene or multifactorial interventions and examined diarrhoea morbidity as a health outcome in non-outbreak conditions. Data were extracted from these papers and pooled through meta-analysis to provide summary estimates of the effectiveness of each type of intervention. All interventions reduced diarrhoea morbidity, with pooled risk ratios ranging from 0.98 to 0.51 (where a risk ratio of 1.0 indicates no effect and lower risk ratios indicate stronger effects). The removal of poor quality studies from the analyses improved the strength of the intervention impact in most cases. The 95 percent confidence intervals (CIs) for the pooled risk ratios of various interventions overlapped, indicating their effects were not statistically significantly different from each other.

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