Labor Market Reforms, Growth, and Unemployment in Labor-Exporting Countries in the Middle East and North Africa

This paper studies the impact of labor market policies on growth and unemployment in labor-exporting countries in the Middle East and North Africa. The analysis is based on a framework that captures many of the main features of the labor market in...

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Main Authors:	Agénor, Pierre-Richard, Nabli, Mustapha K., Yousef, Tarik, Jensen, Henning Tarp
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, D.C. 2013
Subjects:	ACCOUNTING AGGREGATE DEMAND AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE ATTRITION BALANCE OF PAYMENTS BARGAINING BARGAINING POWER BARRIERS TO ENTRY BASKET OF GOODS BORROWING CIVIL SERVICE COLLECTIVE BARGAINING CONSUMPTION PATTERNS CORPORATE TAXES COST MINIMIZATION CURRENT EXPENDITURES DEMAND CURVE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION DISGUISED UNEMPLOYMENT DISPOSABLE INCOME DOMESTIC WORKERS ECONOMIC GROWTH EFFICIENCY WAGES ELASTICITY ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION EMPLOYMENT GROWTH EMPLOYMENT SECURITY EQUATIONS EQUILIBRIUM EXCHANGE RATE EXPENDITURES EXPLICIT CONTRACTS EXPORTS FOREIGN EXCHANGE GDP GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION GROWTH RATE HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT HUMAN CAPITAL IMPORT TARIFFS IMPORTS INCOME INCOME TAXES INTERMEDIATE INPUTS INVESTMENT EXPENDITURES JOB CREATION LABOR COSTS LABOR DEMAND LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE GROWTH LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET POLICIES LABOR MARKET SEGMENTATION LABOR MARKETS LABOR MIGRATION LABOR REGULATIONS LABOR SUPPLY LABOR UNIONS LAYOFFS LEGISLATION MACROECONOMIC EFFECTS MARGINAL BENEFITS MARGINAL COST MARGINAL VALUE MIDDLE EAST MIGRATION MINIMUM WAGE MINIMUM WAGES MORTALITY NEW ENTRANTS NOMINAL WAGES OIL OPEN UNEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COST PAYROLL TAXES PENSIONS POLITICAL PROCESS POPULATION GROWTH POWER PLANTS PRIVATE GOODS PRODUCERS PRODUCTION FUNCTION PRODUCTION INPUTS PRODUCTION PROCESS PRODUCTIVITY PROFIT MAXIMIZATION PUBLIC ENTERPRISES PUBLIC GOOD PUBLIC GOODS PUBLIC SERVICES PURCHASING POWER REAL WAGES REGULATORY REGIMES RETAINED EARNINGS RETIREMENT RETURNS TO SCALE RURAL WORKERS SALES TAXES SAVINGS SIDE EFFECTS TAX REVENUE TAX REVENUES TAXATION TOTAL OUTPUT TRADE BALANCE TRADE UNIONS TRANSFER PAYMENTS UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYED WORKERS UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS UNEMPLOYMENT RATE UNEMPLOYMENT RATES UNITED ARAB EMIRATES UNSKILLED LABOR UNSKILLED WORKERS URBAN ECONOMY URBAN WORKERS VALUE ADDED WAGE FLEXIBILITY WAGES
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2004/01/5296718/labor-market-reforms-growth-unemployment-labor-exporting-countries-middle-east-north-africa http://hdl.handle.net/10986/14207

id	okr-10986-14207
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-142072021-04-23T14:03:21Z Labor Market Reforms, Growth, and Unemployment in Labor-Exporting Countries in the Middle East and North Africa Agénor, Pierre-Richard Nabli, Mustapha K. Yousef, Tarik Jensen, Henning Tarp ACCOUNTING AGGREGATE DEMAND AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE ATTRITION BALANCE OF PAYMENTS BARGAINING BARGAINING POWER BARRIERS TO ENTRY BASKET OF GOODS BORROWING CIVIL SERVICE COLLECTIVE BARGAINING CONSUMPTION PATTERNS CORPORATE TAXES COST MINIMIZATION CURRENT EXPENDITURES DEMAND CURVE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION DISGUISED UNEMPLOYMENT DISPOSABLE INCOME DOMESTIC WORKERS ECONOMIC GROWTH EFFICIENCY WAGES ELASTICITY ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION EMPLOYMENT GROWTH EMPLOYMENT SECURITY EQUATIONS EQUILIBRIUM EXCHANGE RATE EXPENDITURES EXPLICIT CONTRACTS EXPORTS FOREIGN EXCHANGE GDP GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION GROWTH RATE HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT HUMAN CAPITAL IMPORT TARIFFS IMPORTS INCOME INCOME TAXES INTERMEDIATE INPUTS INVESTMENT EXPENDITURES JOB CREATION LABOR COSTS LABOR DEMAND LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE GROWTH LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET POLICIES LABOR MARKET SEGMENTATION LABOR MARKETS LABOR MIGRATION LABOR REGULATIONS LABOR SUPPLY LABOR UNIONS LAYOFFS LEGISLATION MACROECONOMIC EFFECTS MARGINAL BENEFITS MARGINAL COST MARGINAL VALUE MIDDLE EAST MIGRATION MINIMUM WAGE MINIMUM WAGES MORTALITY NEW ENTRANTS NOMINAL WAGES OIL OPEN UNEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COST PAYROLL TAXES PENSIONS POLITICAL PROCESS POPULATION GROWTH POWER PLANTS PRIVATE GOODS PRODUCERS PRODUCTION FUNCTION PRODUCTION INPUTS PRODUCTION PROCESS PRODUCTIVITY PROFIT MAXIMIZATION PUBLIC ENTERPRISES PUBLIC GOOD PUBLIC GOODS PUBLIC SERVICES PURCHASING POWER REAL WAGES REGULATORY REGIMES RETAINED EARNINGS RETIREMENT RETURNS TO SCALE RURAL WORKERS SALES TAXES SAVINGS SIDE EFFECTS TAX REVENUE TAX REVENUES TAXATION TOTAL OUTPUT TRADE BALANCE TRADE UNIONS TRANSFER PAYMENTS UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYED WORKERS UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS UNEMPLOYMENT RATE UNEMPLOYMENT RATES UNITED ARAB EMIRATES UNSKILLED LABOR UNSKILLED WORKERS URBAN ECONOMY URBAN WORKERS VALUE ADDED WAGE FLEXIBILITY WAGES This paper studies the impact of labor market policies on growth and unemployment in labor-exporting countries in the Middle East and North Africa. The analysis is based on a framework that captures many of the main features of the labor market in these countries. We conduct a variety of policy experiments, including a reduction in payroll taxation, cuts in public sector wages and employment, an increase in employment subsidies, a reduction in trade unions' bargaining power, and a composite reform program. Our key message is that to foster broad-based growth and job creation in the region, labor market reforms must not be viewed in isolation but rather as a component of a comprehensive program of structural reforms. 2013-06-26T17:04:39Z 2013-06-26T17:04:39Z 2004-01 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2004/01/5296718/labor-market-reforms-growth-unemployment-labor-exporting-countries-middle-east-north-africa http://hdl.handle.net/10986/14207 English en_US Policy Research Working Paper;No.3328 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, D.C. Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research Africa Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English en_US
topic	ACCOUNTING AGGREGATE DEMAND AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE ATTRITION BALANCE OF PAYMENTS BARGAINING BARGAINING POWER BARRIERS TO ENTRY BASKET OF GOODS BORROWING CIVIL SERVICE COLLECTIVE BARGAINING CONSUMPTION PATTERNS CORPORATE TAXES COST MINIMIZATION CURRENT EXPENDITURES DEMAND CURVE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION DISGUISED UNEMPLOYMENT DISPOSABLE INCOME DOMESTIC WORKERS ECONOMIC GROWTH EFFICIENCY WAGES ELASTICITY ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION EMPLOYMENT GROWTH EMPLOYMENT SECURITY EQUATIONS EQUILIBRIUM EXCHANGE RATE EXPENDITURES EXPLICIT CONTRACTS EXPORTS FOREIGN EXCHANGE GDP GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION GROWTH RATE HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT HUMAN CAPITAL IMPORT TARIFFS IMPORTS INCOME INCOME TAXES INTERMEDIATE INPUTS INVESTMENT EXPENDITURES JOB CREATION LABOR COSTS LABOR DEMAND LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE GROWTH LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET POLICIES LABOR MARKET SEGMENTATION LABOR MARKETS LABOR MIGRATION LABOR REGULATIONS LABOR SUPPLY LABOR UNIONS LAYOFFS LEGISLATION MACROECONOMIC EFFECTS MARGINAL BENEFITS MARGINAL COST MARGINAL VALUE MIDDLE EAST MIGRATION MINIMUM WAGE MINIMUM WAGES MORTALITY NEW ENTRANTS NOMINAL WAGES OIL OPEN UNEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COST PAYROLL TAXES PENSIONS POLITICAL PROCESS POPULATION GROWTH POWER PLANTS PRIVATE GOODS PRODUCERS PRODUCTION FUNCTION PRODUCTION INPUTS PRODUCTION PROCESS PRODUCTIVITY PROFIT MAXIMIZATION PUBLIC ENTERPRISES PUBLIC GOOD PUBLIC GOODS PUBLIC SERVICES PURCHASING POWER REAL WAGES REGULATORY REGIMES RETAINED EARNINGS RETIREMENT RETURNS TO SCALE RURAL WORKERS SALES TAXES SAVINGS SIDE EFFECTS TAX REVENUE TAX REVENUES TAXATION TOTAL OUTPUT TRADE BALANCE TRADE UNIONS TRANSFER PAYMENTS UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYED WORKERS UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS UNEMPLOYMENT RATE UNEMPLOYMENT RATES UNITED ARAB EMIRATES UNSKILLED LABOR UNSKILLED WORKERS URBAN ECONOMY URBAN WORKERS VALUE ADDED WAGE FLEXIBILITY WAGES
spellingShingle	ACCOUNTING AGGREGATE DEMAND AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE ATTRITION BALANCE OF PAYMENTS BARGAINING BARGAINING POWER BARRIERS TO ENTRY BASKET OF GOODS BORROWING CIVIL SERVICE COLLECTIVE BARGAINING CONSUMPTION PATTERNS CORPORATE TAXES COST MINIMIZATION CURRENT EXPENDITURES DEMAND CURVE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION DISGUISED UNEMPLOYMENT DISPOSABLE INCOME DOMESTIC WORKERS ECONOMIC GROWTH EFFICIENCY WAGES ELASTICITY ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION EMPLOYMENT GROWTH EMPLOYMENT SECURITY EQUATIONS EQUILIBRIUM EXCHANGE RATE EXPENDITURES EXPLICIT CONTRACTS EXPORTS FOREIGN EXCHANGE GDP GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION GROWTH RATE HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT HUMAN CAPITAL IMPORT TARIFFS IMPORTS INCOME INCOME TAXES INTERMEDIATE INPUTS INVESTMENT EXPENDITURES JOB CREATION LABOR COSTS LABOR DEMAND LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE GROWTH LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET POLICIES LABOR MARKET SEGMENTATION LABOR MARKETS LABOR MIGRATION LABOR REGULATIONS LABOR SUPPLY LABOR UNIONS LAYOFFS LEGISLATION MACROECONOMIC EFFECTS MARGINAL BENEFITS MARGINAL COST MARGINAL VALUE MIDDLE EAST MIGRATION MINIMUM WAGE MINIMUM WAGES MORTALITY NEW ENTRANTS NOMINAL WAGES OIL OPEN UNEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COST PAYROLL TAXES PENSIONS POLITICAL PROCESS POPULATION GROWTH POWER PLANTS PRIVATE GOODS PRODUCERS PRODUCTION FUNCTION PRODUCTION INPUTS PRODUCTION PROCESS PRODUCTIVITY PROFIT MAXIMIZATION PUBLIC ENTERPRISES PUBLIC GOOD PUBLIC GOODS PUBLIC SERVICES PURCHASING POWER REAL WAGES REGULATORY REGIMES RETAINED EARNINGS RETIREMENT RETURNS TO SCALE RURAL WORKERS SALES TAXES SAVINGS SIDE EFFECTS TAX REVENUE TAX REVENUES TAXATION TOTAL OUTPUT TRADE BALANCE TRADE UNIONS TRANSFER PAYMENTS UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYED WORKERS UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS UNEMPLOYMENT RATE UNEMPLOYMENT RATES UNITED ARAB EMIRATES UNSKILLED LABOR UNSKILLED WORKERS URBAN ECONOMY URBAN WORKERS VALUE ADDED WAGE FLEXIBILITY WAGES Agénor, Pierre-Richard Nabli, Mustapha K. Yousef, Tarik Jensen, Henning Tarp Labor Market Reforms, Growth, and Unemployment in Labor-Exporting Countries in the Middle East and North Africa
geographic_facet	Africa Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa
relation	Policy Research Working Paper;No.3328
description	This paper studies the impact of labor market policies on growth and unemployment in labor-exporting countries in the Middle East and North Africa. The analysis is based on a framework that captures many of the main features of the labor market in these countries. We conduct a variety of policy experiments, including a reduction in payroll taxation, cuts in public sector wages and employment, an increase in employment subsidies, a reduction in trade unions' bargaining power, and a composite reform program. Our key message is that to foster broad-based growth and job creation in the region, labor market reforms must not be viewed in isolation but rather as a component of a comprehensive program of structural reforms.
format	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
author	Agénor, Pierre-Richard Nabli, Mustapha K. Yousef, Tarik Jensen, Henning Tarp
author_facet	Agénor, Pierre-Richard Nabli, Mustapha K. Yousef, Tarik Jensen, Henning Tarp
author_sort	Agénor, Pierre-Richard
title	Labor Market Reforms, Growth, and Unemployment in Labor-Exporting Countries in the Middle East and North Africa
title_short	Labor Market Reforms, Growth, and Unemployment in Labor-Exporting Countries in the Middle East and North Africa
title_full	Labor Market Reforms, Growth, and Unemployment in Labor-Exporting Countries in the Middle East and North Africa
title_fullStr	Labor Market Reforms, Growth, and Unemployment in Labor-Exporting Countries in the Middle East and North Africa
title_full_unstemmed	Labor Market Reforms, Growth, and Unemployment in Labor-Exporting Countries in the Middle East and North Africa
title_sort	labor market reforms, growth, and unemployment in labor-exporting countries in the middle east and north africa
publisher	World Bank, Washington, D.C.
publishDate	2013
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2004/01/5296718/labor-market-reforms-growth-unemployment-labor-exporting-countries-middle-east-north-africa http://hdl.handle.net/10986/14207
_version_	1764430733069254656

Labor Market Reforms, Growth, and Unemployment in Labor-Exporting Countries in the Middle East and North Africa

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