China - Promoting Growth with Equity : Country Economic Memorandum
International experience suggests that the effect of globalization on economic growth, poverty and income distribution can vary significantly among countries, and that its impact depends crucially on national policies. This report assesses the poss...
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| Format: | Country Economic Memorandum |
| Language: | English en_US |
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Washington, DC
2013
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2003/09/2631207/china-promoting-growth-equity-country-economic-memorandum http://hdl.handle.net/10986/14643 |
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okr-10986-14643 |
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oai_dc |
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Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
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World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
ACCOUNTABILITY ACCOUNTING ADMINISTRATIVE CAPACITY AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT ALLOCATION OF CAPITAL AUDITING AUTHORITY AUTONOMY BANKING SECTOR BANKING SYSTEM BASIC EDUCATION CENTRAL GOVERNMENT CENTRAL PLANNING CENTRALIZATION CITIES COLLATERAL COMMERCIAL BANKS COMMUNIST COMMUNIST PARTY COMPETITION POLICY CONSOLIDATION CONSTITUENCIES CORPORATE GOVERNANCE DEBT DECISION MAKING DECISION MAKING PROCESS DEFICITS DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC SHOCKS ECONOMIES OF SCALE EMPLOYMENT ENFORCEMENT MECHANISM ENTERPRISE OWNERSHIP ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION EQUALIZATION EXECUTION EXPENDITURE EXPENDITURE RESPONSIBILITIES EXPENDITURES FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT FINANCIAL MARKETS FINANCIAL SECTOR FINANCIAL SECTORS FINANCIAL SERVICES FINANCIAL SUPPORT FISCAL FISCAL CONTRIBUTION FISCAL EQUITY FISCAL MANAGEMENT FISCAL PRESSURES FISCAL RESOURCES FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN ENTRY FOREIGN INVESTMENT FORMAL EDUCATION FORMAL SYSTEM GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY GOVERNMENT FINANCE GOVERNMENT OBLIGATIONS GOVERNMENT PERFORMANCE GOVERNMENT POLICIES GOVERNMENT REVENUES HOUSING HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IMPORTS INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME INEQUALITY INFORMATION DISCLOSURE INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS INSURANCE INTEREST RATES INTERGOVERNMENTAL TRANSFERS INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL MARKETS INVESTMENT CLIMATE LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LABOR MOBILITY LAND DEVELOPMENT LAND USE LAWS LEVELS OF GOVERNMENT LOCAL ENTERPRISES LOCAL GOVERNMENT LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVENUES LOCAL GOVERNMENTS LOCAL TAX MACROECONOMIC CONDITIONS MACROECONOMIC STABILITY MARKET DISTORTIONS MICROFINANCE MIGRATION MINISTRY OF FINANCE NATIONAL POLICIES PENALTIES PENSIONS PRIVATE SECTOR PRODUCERS PRODUCTIVITY PROFITABILITY PROVISIONS PUBLIC FINANCE PUBLIC FUNDS PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC SERVICE PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY PUBLIC SERVICES PUBLIC SUPPORT PUBLIC TRANSPORT RECAPITALIZATION RESOURCE ALLOCATION RETIREMENT SAVINGS SOCIAL COST SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE SOCIAL SECURITY SOCIAL SERVICES STATE SECTOR STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TAX CAPACITY TAX RATES TAX REVENUES TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TELECOMMUNICATIONS TRANSPORT UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATES URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE URBANIZATION GLOBALIZATION POLICY ANALYSIS POLICY MAKING POLICY PLANNING PER CAPITA INCOME INEQUITY REGIONAL DISPARITY RURAL-URBAN DIFFERENTIALS RURAL-URBAN RELATIONS ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES DOMESTIC MARKETS MARKET INTEGRATION INCOME INEQUALITIES MARKET FRAGMENTATION RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION URBANIZATION PROTECTIONISM BANKING SYSTEMS COMMERCIALIZATION JOB CREATION POLICIES EMPLOYMENT CREATION FARM LANDS HUMAN RESOURCES STRATEGIES HUMAN CAPITAL INVESTMENTS TECHNOLOGY DIFFUSION AGGLOMERATION PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEMS FISCAL MANAGEMENT CAPITAL MARKETS |
| spellingShingle |
ACCOUNTABILITY ACCOUNTING ADMINISTRATIVE CAPACITY AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT ALLOCATION OF CAPITAL AUDITING AUTHORITY AUTONOMY BANKING SECTOR BANKING SYSTEM BASIC EDUCATION CENTRAL GOVERNMENT CENTRAL PLANNING CENTRALIZATION CITIES COLLATERAL COMMERCIAL BANKS COMMUNIST COMMUNIST PARTY COMPETITION POLICY CONSOLIDATION CONSTITUENCIES CORPORATE GOVERNANCE DEBT DECISION MAKING DECISION MAKING PROCESS DEFICITS DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC SHOCKS ECONOMIES OF SCALE EMPLOYMENT ENFORCEMENT MECHANISM ENTERPRISE OWNERSHIP ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION EQUALIZATION EXECUTION EXPENDITURE EXPENDITURE RESPONSIBILITIES EXPENDITURES FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT FINANCIAL MARKETS FINANCIAL SECTOR FINANCIAL SECTORS FINANCIAL SERVICES FINANCIAL SUPPORT FISCAL FISCAL CONTRIBUTION FISCAL EQUITY FISCAL MANAGEMENT FISCAL PRESSURES FISCAL RESOURCES FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN ENTRY FOREIGN INVESTMENT FORMAL EDUCATION FORMAL SYSTEM GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY GOVERNMENT FINANCE GOVERNMENT OBLIGATIONS GOVERNMENT PERFORMANCE GOVERNMENT POLICIES GOVERNMENT REVENUES HOUSING HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IMPORTS INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME INEQUALITY INFORMATION DISCLOSURE INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS INSURANCE INTEREST RATES INTERGOVERNMENTAL TRANSFERS INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL MARKETS INVESTMENT CLIMATE LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LABOR MOBILITY LAND DEVELOPMENT LAND USE LAWS LEVELS OF GOVERNMENT LOCAL ENTERPRISES LOCAL GOVERNMENT LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVENUES LOCAL GOVERNMENTS LOCAL TAX MACROECONOMIC CONDITIONS MACROECONOMIC STABILITY MARKET DISTORTIONS MICROFINANCE MIGRATION MINISTRY OF FINANCE NATIONAL POLICIES PENALTIES PENSIONS PRIVATE SECTOR PRODUCERS PRODUCTIVITY PROFITABILITY PROVISIONS PUBLIC FINANCE PUBLIC FUNDS PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC SERVICE PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY PUBLIC SERVICES PUBLIC SUPPORT PUBLIC TRANSPORT RECAPITALIZATION RESOURCE ALLOCATION RETIREMENT SAVINGS SOCIAL COST SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE SOCIAL SECURITY SOCIAL SERVICES STATE SECTOR STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TAX CAPACITY TAX RATES TAX REVENUES TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TELECOMMUNICATIONS TRANSPORT UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATES URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE URBANIZATION GLOBALIZATION POLICY ANALYSIS POLICY MAKING POLICY PLANNING PER CAPITA INCOME INEQUITY REGIONAL DISPARITY RURAL-URBAN DIFFERENTIALS RURAL-URBAN RELATIONS ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES DOMESTIC MARKETS MARKET INTEGRATION INCOME INEQUALITIES MARKET FRAGMENTATION RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION URBANIZATION PROTECTIONISM BANKING SYSTEMS COMMERCIALIZATION JOB CREATION POLICIES EMPLOYMENT CREATION FARM LANDS HUMAN RESOURCES STRATEGIES HUMAN CAPITAL INVESTMENTS TECHNOLOGY DIFFUSION AGGLOMERATION PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEMS FISCAL MANAGEMENT CAPITAL MARKETS World Bank China - Promoting Growth with Equity : Country Economic Memorandum |
| geographic_facet |
East Asia and Pacific China |
| description |
International experience suggests that
the effect of globalization on economic growth, poverty and
income distribution can vary significantly among countries,
and that its impact depends crucially on national policies.
This report assesses the possible patterns of inequality in
China in the future, and outlines policy options that could
help accomplish China's objective of growth with
equity. For sustaining growth, the report emphasizes the
freer flow of resources and goods and services in the
economy, to be achieved by domestic market integration and
flexibility. The report suggests that the cost of market
fragmentation and rigidities is high, and highlights
measures to reduce local protectionism, facilitate
migration, and commercialize the banking sector. To optimize
the results of domestic market integration and promote
growth with equity, the report proposes a package of policy
actions that would promote new job opportunities, especially
in the less developed regions, and raise returns on farm
labor and land. Among these, the report highlights investing
in people, promoting the diffusion of technology,
facilitating urban agglomeration, expanding services and
enhancing farmers' prospects. Finally, the report
tackles the social, economic and fiscal risks that may
threaten future growth and distributional performance. In
particular, it suggests extending different types of formal
social security in both urban and rural areas, for fixing
the inter- government fiscal system in order to facilitate
the provision of public services, and for managing fiscal
risk beyond the government budget and officially recognized debt. |
| format |
Economic & Sector Work :: Country Economic Memorandum |
| author |
World Bank |
| author_facet |
World Bank |
| author_sort |
World Bank |
| title |
China - Promoting Growth with Equity : Country Economic Memorandum |
| title_short |
China - Promoting Growth with Equity : Country Economic Memorandum |
| title_full |
China - Promoting Growth with Equity : Country Economic Memorandum |
| title_fullStr |
China - Promoting Growth with Equity : Country Economic Memorandum |
| title_full_unstemmed |
China - Promoting Growth with Equity : Country Economic Memorandum |
| title_sort |
china - promoting growth with equity : country economic memorandum |
| publisher |
Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2013 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2003/09/2631207/china-promoting-growth-equity-country-economic-memorandum http://hdl.handle.net/10986/14643 |
| _version_ |
1764428196594319360 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-146432021-04-23T14:03:17Z China - Promoting Growth with Equity : Country Economic Memorandum World Bank ACCOUNTABILITY ACCOUNTING ADMINISTRATIVE CAPACITY AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT ALLOCATION OF CAPITAL AUDITING AUTHORITY AUTONOMY BANKING SECTOR BANKING SYSTEM BASIC EDUCATION CENTRAL GOVERNMENT CENTRAL PLANNING CENTRALIZATION CITIES COLLATERAL COMMERCIAL BANKS COMMUNIST COMMUNIST PARTY COMPETITION POLICY CONSOLIDATION CONSTITUENCIES CORPORATE GOVERNANCE DEBT DECISION MAKING DECISION MAKING PROCESS DEFICITS DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC SHOCKS ECONOMIES OF SCALE EMPLOYMENT ENFORCEMENT MECHANISM ENTERPRISE OWNERSHIP ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION EQUALIZATION EXECUTION EXPENDITURE EXPENDITURE RESPONSIBILITIES EXPENDITURES FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT FINANCIAL MARKETS FINANCIAL SECTOR FINANCIAL SECTORS FINANCIAL SERVICES FINANCIAL SUPPORT FISCAL FISCAL CONTRIBUTION FISCAL EQUITY FISCAL MANAGEMENT FISCAL PRESSURES FISCAL RESOURCES FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN ENTRY FOREIGN INVESTMENT FORMAL EDUCATION FORMAL SYSTEM GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY GOVERNMENT FINANCE GOVERNMENT OBLIGATIONS GOVERNMENT PERFORMANCE GOVERNMENT POLICIES GOVERNMENT REVENUES HOUSING HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IMPORTS INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME INEQUALITY INFORMATION DISCLOSURE INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS INSURANCE INTEREST RATES INTERGOVERNMENTAL TRANSFERS INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL MARKETS INVESTMENT CLIMATE LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LABOR MOBILITY LAND DEVELOPMENT LAND USE LAWS LEVELS OF GOVERNMENT LOCAL ENTERPRISES LOCAL GOVERNMENT LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVENUES LOCAL GOVERNMENTS LOCAL TAX MACROECONOMIC CONDITIONS MACROECONOMIC STABILITY MARKET DISTORTIONS MICROFINANCE MIGRATION MINISTRY OF FINANCE NATIONAL POLICIES PENALTIES PENSIONS PRIVATE SECTOR PRODUCERS PRODUCTIVITY PROFITABILITY PROVISIONS PUBLIC FINANCE PUBLIC FUNDS PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC SERVICE PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY PUBLIC SERVICES PUBLIC SUPPORT PUBLIC TRANSPORT RECAPITALIZATION RESOURCE ALLOCATION RETIREMENT SAVINGS SOCIAL COST SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE SOCIAL SECURITY SOCIAL SERVICES STATE SECTOR STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TAX CAPACITY TAX RATES TAX REVENUES TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TELECOMMUNICATIONS TRANSPORT UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATES URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE URBANIZATION GLOBALIZATION POLICY ANALYSIS POLICY MAKING POLICY PLANNING PER CAPITA INCOME INEQUITY REGIONAL DISPARITY RURAL-URBAN DIFFERENTIALS RURAL-URBAN RELATIONS ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES DOMESTIC MARKETS MARKET INTEGRATION INCOME INEQUALITIES MARKET FRAGMENTATION RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION URBANIZATION PROTECTIONISM BANKING SYSTEMS COMMERCIALIZATION JOB CREATION POLICIES EMPLOYMENT CREATION FARM LANDS HUMAN RESOURCES STRATEGIES HUMAN CAPITAL INVESTMENTS TECHNOLOGY DIFFUSION AGGLOMERATION PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEMS FISCAL MANAGEMENT CAPITAL MARKETS International experience suggests that the effect of globalization on economic growth, poverty and income distribution can vary significantly among countries, and that its impact depends crucially on national policies. This report assesses the possible patterns of inequality in China in the future, and outlines policy options that could help accomplish China's objective of growth with equity. For sustaining growth, the report emphasizes the freer flow of resources and goods and services in the economy, to be achieved by domestic market integration and flexibility. The report suggests that the cost of market fragmentation and rigidities is high, and highlights measures to reduce local protectionism, facilitate migration, and commercialize the banking sector. To optimize the results of domestic market integration and promote growth with equity, the report proposes a package of policy actions that would promote new job opportunities, especially in the less developed regions, and raise returns on farm labor and land. Among these, the report highlights investing in people, promoting the diffusion of technology, facilitating urban agglomeration, expanding services and enhancing farmers' prospects. Finally, the report tackles the social, economic and fiscal risks that may threaten future growth and distributional performance. In particular, it suggests extending different types of formal social security in both urban and rural areas, for fixing the inter- government fiscal system in order to facilitate the provision of public services, and for managing fiscal risk beyond the government budget and officially recognized debt. 2013-07-29T19:59:17Z 2013-07-29T19:59:17Z 2003-09-15 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2003/09/2631207/china-promoting-growth-equity-country-economic-memorandum http://hdl.handle.net/10986/14643 English en_US CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank Washington, DC Economic & Sector Work :: Country Economic Memorandum Economic & Sector Work East Asia and Pacific China |