Vietnam Development Report 2004 : Poverty
Progress in Vietnam has been substantial when other dimensions of poverty, apart from expenditures, are considered. The broader Vietnam Development Goals (VDGs), which are a localized version of the Millennium Development Goals, show a consistent i...
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| Format: | Poverty Assessment |
| Language: | English en_US |
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Washington, DC
2013
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2003/11/2800714/vietnam-development-report-2004-poverty http://hdl.handle.net/10986/14651 |
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okr-10986-14651 |
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| recordtype |
oai_dc |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
POVERTY REDUCTION PROJECTS ECONOMIC PROGRESS DEVELOPMENT GOALS SOCIAL INDICATORS INFANT MORTALITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT AGRICULTURAL LAND ACQUISITION RURAL HOUSEHOLDS ECONOMIC REFORM FARM PRODUCTION SYSTEMS JOB CREATION PROGRAMS PRIVATE SECTOR MARKET ECONOMY AGRICULTURE EMPLOYMENT WAGES PUBLIC SECTOR PRIVATE SECTOR LAND USE CAPABILITY LOWLANDS AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION INEQUALITY MEASURES ADMINISTRATIVE BARRIERS AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT CITIZEN CITIZEN FEEDBACK CIVIL WAR COMMODITIES CONSULTATIVE MANNER CRISES CRONY DECISION MAKING DECISION-MAKING PROCESSES DELIVERY MECHANISMS DEMOCRACY DEVELOPMENT AID DEVELOPMENT GOALS DEVELOPMENT POLICIES DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME DEVELOPMENT REPORT DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY DIVERSIFICATION ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC COOPERATION ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT ECONOMICS EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EFFECTIVE USE EMPLOYMENT ENTITLEMENTS ETHNIC GROUPS ETHNIC MINORITIES EXPENDITURE DATA FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FINANCIAL RESOURCES FINANCIAL SECTOR FOOD NEEDS FOOD POVERTY LINE FOOD SECURITY FULL PARTICIPATION GOOD GOVERNANCE GOVERNANCE OBJECTIVES GROWTH PATTERN GROWTH PRO-POOR GROWTH RATE HEALTH OUTCOMES HEALTH SECTOR HEALTH SERVICES HEALTH STATUS HEALTH SURVEY HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURES HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INCOME INCOME DATA INCREASED INEQUALITY INFANT MORTALITY INFORMAL SECTOR INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS LABOR MARKET LIVING STANDARDS LOCAL AUTHORITIES LOCAL LANGUAGES LOCAL LEVEL LOCAL LEVELS MACROECONOMIC MANAGEMENT MACROECONOMIC PERFORMANCE MARKET ECONOMY MASS MIGRATION NATIONAL ACCOUNTS NATIONAL LEVELS NUTRITIONAL INTAKE PARTICIPATORY POVERTY PARTICIPATORY POVERTY ASSESSMENTS POLICY MAKERS POLICY MAKING POOR HOUSEHOLDS POPULATION GROUPS POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY FOCUS POVERTY GAP POVERTY INCREASE POVERTY LINE POVERTY MAP POVERTY MEASUREMENT POVERTY RATE POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY WORK PRIMARY HEALTH CARE PRIVATE SECTOR PRO- POOR PRO-POOR PRODUCTIVITY PUBLIC ACTIONS PUBLIC EXPENDITURE PUBLIC EXPENDITURES PUBLIC INVESTMENT PUBLIC POLICIES PUBLIC SECTOR PUBLIC SERVICES PUBLIC SPENDING PURCHASING POWER PURCHASING POWER PARITY RECURRENT EXPENDITURES REDUCING POVERTY REGIONAL DISPARITIES RURAL AREAS RURAL HOUSEHOLDS RURAL POVERTY SAFETY NET SAFETY NETS SAVINGS SERVICE DELIVERY SOCIAL INDICATORS SOCIAL POLICIES SOCIAL SECTORS SOCIAL SERVICES STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES STATISTICAL DATA STATISTICAL OFFICE TRANSPARENCY URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE URBANIZATION VULNERABLE GROUPS |
| spellingShingle |
POVERTY REDUCTION PROJECTS ECONOMIC PROGRESS DEVELOPMENT GOALS SOCIAL INDICATORS INFANT MORTALITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT AGRICULTURAL LAND ACQUISITION RURAL HOUSEHOLDS ECONOMIC REFORM FARM PRODUCTION SYSTEMS JOB CREATION PROGRAMS PRIVATE SECTOR MARKET ECONOMY AGRICULTURE EMPLOYMENT WAGES PUBLIC SECTOR PRIVATE SECTOR LAND USE CAPABILITY LOWLANDS AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION INEQUALITY MEASURES ADMINISTRATIVE BARRIERS AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT CITIZEN CITIZEN FEEDBACK CIVIL WAR COMMODITIES CONSULTATIVE MANNER CRISES CRONY DECISION MAKING DECISION-MAKING PROCESSES DELIVERY MECHANISMS DEMOCRACY DEVELOPMENT AID DEVELOPMENT GOALS DEVELOPMENT POLICIES DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME DEVELOPMENT REPORT DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY DIVERSIFICATION ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC COOPERATION ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT ECONOMICS EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EFFECTIVE USE EMPLOYMENT ENTITLEMENTS ETHNIC GROUPS ETHNIC MINORITIES EXPENDITURE DATA FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FINANCIAL RESOURCES FINANCIAL SECTOR FOOD NEEDS FOOD POVERTY LINE FOOD SECURITY FULL PARTICIPATION GOOD GOVERNANCE GOVERNANCE OBJECTIVES GROWTH PATTERN GROWTH PRO-POOR GROWTH RATE HEALTH OUTCOMES HEALTH SECTOR HEALTH SERVICES HEALTH STATUS HEALTH SURVEY HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURES HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INCOME INCOME DATA INCREASED INEQUALITY INFANT MORTALITY INFORMAL SECTOR INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS LABOR MARKET LIVING STANDARDS LOCAL AUTHORITIES LOCAL LANGUAGES LOCAL LEVEL LOCAL LEVELS MACROECONOMIC MANAGEMENT MACROECONOMIC PERFORMANCE MARKET ECONOMY MASS MIGRATION NATIONAL ACCOUNTS NATIONAL LEVELS NUTRITIONAL INTAKE PARTICIPATORY POVERTY PARTICIPATORY POVERTY ASSESSMENTS POLICY MAKERS POLICY MAKING POOR HOUSEHOLDS POPULATION GROUPS POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY FOCUS POVERTY GAP POVERTY INCREASE POVERTY LINE POVERTY MAP POVERTY MEASUREMENT POVERTY RATE POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY WORK PRIMARY HEALTH CARE PRIVATE SECTOR PRO- POOR PRO-POOR PRODUCTIVITY PUBLIC ACTIONS PUBLIC EXPENDITURE PUBLIC EXPENDITURES PUBLIC INVESTMENT PUBLIC POLICIES PUBLIC SECTOR PUBLIC SERVICES PUBLIC SPENDING PURCHASING POWER PURCHASING POWER PARITY RECURRENT EXPENDITURES REDUCING POVERTY REGIONAL DISPARITIES RURAL AREAS RURAL HOUSEHOLDS RURAL POVERTY SAFETY NET SAFETY NETS SAVINGS SERVICE DELIVERY SOCIAL INDICATORS SOCIAL POLICIES SOCIAL SECTORS SOCIAL SERVICES STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES STATISTICAL DATA STATISTICAL OFFICE TRANSPARENCY URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE URBANIZATION VULNERABLE GROUPS World Bank Vietnam Development Report 2004 : Poverty |
| geographic_facet |
East Asia and Pacific Vietnam |
| description |
Progress in Vietnam has been substantial
when other dimensions of poverty, apart from expenditures,
are considered. The broader Vietnam Development Goals
(VDGs), which are a localized version of the Millennium
Development Goals, show a consistent improvement of social
indicators, from education enrollment to infant mortality.
While some regions and some population groups gained more
than others, Vietnam continues to reduce poverty
considerably faster than other countries at a similar
development level. In the early 1990s, its poverty rate was
higher than could be expected, given the country's
level of economic development. Some time during the second
half of the 1990s Vietnam caught up with the
"average" country at its development level, and it
largely surpassed it by 2002. The "story" behind
the reduction in poverty has somewhat changed over time.
Earlier gains had been associated with the distribution of
agricultural land to rural households, in a context where
economic reform provided the right incentives for increased
farm production. But those gains have been mainly reaped by
now. In more recent years, the driving forces behind poverty
reduction are job creation by the private sector and the
increased integration of agriculture in the market economy.
A vast majority of the working-age population of Vietnam
actually works, and labor market participation rates are
among the highest in the world. What has changed is not
activity, but rather the composition of employment. Over the
last four years, the proportion of people who mainly work on
their own farm dropped from almost two thirds to slightly
less than half. Instead, many more are now engaged in wage
employment: 30 percent of those at work earned a wage in
2002, compared to 19 percent four years earlier. Thanks to
its buoyant expansion, by 2002 the formal private sector
already accounted for around 2.5 million jobs, more than the
entire public sector. But a much larger number of jobs have
been created by the private informal sector. |
| format |
Economic & Sector Work :: Poverty Assessment |
| author |
World Bank |
| author_facet |
World Bank |
| author_sort |
World Bank |
| title |
Vietnam Development Report 2004 : Poverty |
| title_short |
Vietnam Development Report 2004 : Poverty |
| title_full |
Vietnam Development Report 2004 : Poverty |
| title_fullStr |
Vietnam Development Report 2004 : Poverty |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Vietnam Development Report 2004 : Poverty |
| title_sort |
vietnam development report 2004 : poverty |
| publisher |
Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2013 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2003/11/2800714/vietnam-development-report-2004-poverty http://hdl.handle.net/10986/14651 |
| _version_ |
1764428310701408256 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-146512021-04-23T14:03:17Z Vietnam Development Report 2004 : Poverty World Bank POVERTY REDUCTION PROJECTS ECONOMIC PROGRESS DEVELOPMENT GOALS SOCIAL INDICATORS INFANT MORTALITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT AGRICULTURAL LAND ACQUISITION RURAL HOUSEHOLDS ECONOMIC REFORM FARM PRODUCTION SYSTEMS JOB CREATION PROGRAMS PRIVATE SECTOR MARKET ECONOMY AGRICULTURE EMPLOYMENT WAGES PUBLIC SECTOR PRIVATE SECTOR LAND USE CAPABILITY LOWLANDS AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION INEQUALITY MEASURES ADMINISTRATIVE BARRIERS AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT CITIZEN CITIZEN FEEDBACK CIVIL WAR COMMODITIES CONSULTATIVE MANNER CRISES CRONY DECISION MAKING DECISION-MAKING PROCESSES DELIVERY MECHANISMS DEMOCRACY DEVELOPMENT AID DEVELOPMENT GOALS DEVELOPMENT POLICIES DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME DEVELOPMENT REPORT DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY DIVERSIFICATION ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC COOPERATION ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT ECONOMICS EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EFFECTIVE USE EMPLOYMENT ENTITLEMENTS ETHNIC GROUPS ETHNIC MINORITIES EXPENDITURE DATA FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FINANCIAL RESOURCES FINANCIAL SECTOR FOOD NEEDS FOOD POVERTY LINE FOOD SECURITY FULL PARTICIPATION GOOD GOVERNANCE GOVERNANCE OBJECTIVES GROWTH PATTERN GROWTH PRO-POOR GROWTH RATE HEALTH OUTCOMES HEALTH SECTOR HEALTH SERVICES HEALTH STATUS HEALTH SURVEY HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURES HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INCOME INCOME DATA INCREASED INEQUALITY INFANT MORTALITY INFORMAL SECTOR INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS LABOR MARKET LIVING STANDARDS LOCAL AUTHORITIES LOCAL LANGUAGES LOCAL LEVEL LOCAL LEVELS MACROECONOMIC MANAGEMENT MACROECONOMIC PERFORMANCE MARKET ECONOMY MASS MIGRATION NATIONAL ACCOUNTS NATIONAL LEVELS NUTRITIONAL INTAKE PARTICIPATORY POVERTY PARTICIPATORY POVERTY ASSESSMENTS POLICY MAKERS POLICY MAKING POOR HOUSEHOLDS POPULATION GROUPS POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY FOCUS POVERTY GAP POVERTY INCREASE POVERTY LINE POVERTY MAP POVERTY MEASUREMENT POVERTY RATE POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY WORK PRIMARY HEALTH CARE PRIVATE SECTOR PRO- POOR PRO-POOR PRODUCTIVITY PUBLIC ACTIONS PUBLIC EXPENDITURE PUBLIC EXPENDITURES PUBLIC INVESTMENT PUBLIC POLICIES PUBLIC SECTOR PUBLIC SERVICES PUBLIC SPENDING PURCHASING POWER PURCHASING POWER PARITY RECURRENT EXPENDITURES REDUCING POVERTY REGIONAL DISPARITIES RURAL AREAS RURAL HOUSEHOLDS RURAL POVERTY SAFETY NET SAFETY NETS SAVINGS SERVICE DELIVERY SOCIAL INDICATORS SOCIAL POLICIES SOCIAL SECTORS SOCIAL SERVICES STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES STATISTICAL DATA STATISTICAL OFFICE TRANSPARENCY URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE URBANIZATION VULNERABLE GROUPS Progress in Vietnam has been substantial when other dimensions of poverty, apart from expenditures, are considered. The broader Vietnam Development Goals (VDGs), which are a localized version of the Millennium Development Goals, show a consistent improvement of social indicators, from education enrollment to infant mortality. While some regions and some population groups gained more than others, Vietnam continues to reduce poverty considerably faster than other countries at a similar development level. In the early 1990s, its poverty rate was higher than could be expected, given the country's level of economic development. Some time during the second half of the 1990s Vietnam caught up with the "average" country at its development level, and it largely surpassed it by 2002. The "story" behind the reduction in poverty has somewhat changed over time. Earlier gains had been associated with the distribution of agricultural land to rural households, in a context where economic reform provided the right incentives for increased farm production. But those gains have been mainly reaped by now. In more recent years, the driving forces behind poverty reduction are job creation by the private sector and the increased integration of agriculture in the market economy. A vast majority of the working-age population of Vietnam actually works, and labor market participation rates are among the highest in the world. What has changed is not activity, but rather the composition of employment. Over the last four years, the proportion of people who mainly work on their own farm dropped from almost two thirds to slightly less than half. Instead, many more are now engaged in wage employment: 30 percent of those at work earned a wage in 2002, compared to 19 percent four years earlier. Thanks to its buoyant expansion, by 2002 the formal private sector already accounted for around 2.5 million jobs, more than the entire public sector. But a much larger number of jobs have been created by the private informal sector. 2013-07-29T21:09:18Z 2013-07-29T21:09:18Z 2003-11-17 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2003/11/2800714/vietnam-development-report-2004-poverty http://hdl.handle.net/10986/14651 English en_US CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank Washington, DC Economic & Sector Work :: Poverty Assessment Economic & Sector Work East Asia and Pacific Vietnam |