Global Economic Prospects 2004 : Realizing the Development Promise of the Doha Agenda
The international community finds itself at a crossroads as it approaches the last quarter of 2003. Will the Doha Agenda regenerate the multilateral consensus that has been the hallmark of successive rounds of trade liberalization since 1947 and in...
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Washington, DC
2013
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10986/14782 |
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okr-10986-14782 |
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oai_dc |
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Digital Repository |
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Foreign Institution |
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Digital Repositories |
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World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
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World Bank |
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en_US |
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agricultural products agricultural protection agricultural sector agricultural support agricultural trade agriculture Antidumping antidumping actions Antidumping duties apparel apparel exports average tariff average tariffs border protection capital market comparative advantage competitiveness Corporate profits current account current account deficit Customs Customs clearance data collection debt deflation developed countries Developing Countries developing country Development Economics Development Programme development strategy dividends domestic production Economic effects economists elasticity export growth export market export performance export shares exporters exports external environment external funding foreign markets GDP GDP per capita generalized system of preferences global integration global marketplace global trade high unemployment imports Income income countries individual countries industrial production Inflation interest rates International Migration international trade international transport investor confidence LDCs macroeconomic policy Market access market share Market shares monetary policy net imports net worth oil OPEC partner institutions poor countries poor people poverty analysis poverty reduction poverty reduction strategies private consumption producers Productivity productivity growth quality standards quotas real income reducing poverty regional trade Rules of origin rural areas rural households Rural poverty safety standards short term structural reforms tariff protection Tariff rate tariff rates tariff structures technical assistance terms of trade trade agreements trade barriers trade blocs trade costs Trade Development trade facilitation trade integration trade liberalization Trade Patterns trade policies trade preferences trade reforms transport costs trends analysis unemployment rates Uruguay Round Wages World Trade World Trade Organization world trading system WTO Trade barriers Developing countries Multilateral agreements Trade negotiations Trade policy reform Trade preferences Trade regulation Trade regime Market access Protective tariffs Agricultural policy reform Agricultural trade Labor mobility World Trade Organization Trade liberalization Migration policy Remittances Trading risk Foreign workers International security Trade facilitation International transport Transport costs Trade integration Manufactured exports Tariff reductions Competitiveness Economic productivity Skilled workers Capital flows General Agreement on Tariffs & Trade Trade expansion Technical assistance |
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agricultural products agricultural protection agricultural sector agricultural support agricultural trade agriculture Antidumping antidumping actions Antidumping duties apparel apparel exports average tariff average tariffs border protection capital market comparative advantage competitiveness Corporate profits current account current account deficit Customs Customs clearance data collection debt deflation developed countries Developing Countries developing country Development Economics Development Programme development strategy dividends domestic production Economic effects economists elasticity export growth export market export performance export shares exporters exports external environment external funding foreign markets GDP GDP per capita generalized system of preferences global integration global marketplace global trade high unemployment imports Income income countries individual countries industrial production Inflation interest rates International Migration international trade international transport investor confidence LDCs macroeconomic policy Market access market share Market shares monetary policy net imports net worth oil OPEC partner institutions poor countries poor people poverty analysis poverty reduction poverty reduction strategies private consumption producers Productivity productivity growth quality standards quotas real income reducing poverty regional trade Rules of origin rural areas rural households Rural poverty safety standards short term structural reforms tariff protection Tariff rate tariff rates tariff structures technical assistance terms of trade trade agreements trade barriers trade blocs trade costs Trade Development trade facilitation trade integration trade liberalization Trade Patterns trade policies trade preferences trade reforms transport costs trends analysis unemployment rates Uruguay Round Wages World Trade World Trade Organization world trading system WTO Trade barriers Developing countries Multilateral agreements Trade negotiations Trade policy reform Trade preferences Trade regulation Trade regime Market access Protective tariffs Agricultural policy reform Agricultural trade Labor mobility World Trade Organization Trade liberalization Migration policy Remittances Trading risk Foreign workers International security Trade facilitation International transport Transport costs Trade integration Manufactured exports Tariff reductions Competitiveness Economic productivity Skilled workers Capital flows General Agreement on Tariffs & Trade Trade expansion Technical assistance World Bank Global Economic Prospects 2004 : Realizing the Development Promise of the Doha Agenda |
| description |
The international community finds itself
at a crossroads as it approaches the last quarter of 2003.
Will the Doha Agenda regenerate the multilateral consensus
that has been the hallmark of successive rounds of trade
liberalization since 1947 and in doing so provide new
impetus for global integration? Or will the Doha Agenda
collapse in stalemate and perhaps be viewed as the moment
when the international community retreated from
multilateralism and opened the floodgates for less desirable
bilateral and regional arrangements? The round has the
opportunity to remove many of the inequities in the global
trading system that put developing countries-and poor people
in particular-at a disadvantage in their trade. Several
issues under discussion are pivotal to development outcomes.
They are the focus of this report: First, because most poor
people live in rural areas, trade barriers in agriculture
are among the most important to poverty reduction. Second,
labor-intensive manufactures have been the most dynamic
market segment for every major region, including Africa, yet
many developing countries find that their exports meet
obstacles in foreign markets-high tariffs, quotas, specific
duties, and "antidevelopment" tariff structures
that discourage adding value in poor countries. Third, in
services, the potential for development-promoting reciprocal
gains is especially high. Regulations in some developing
countries still protect some inefficient state monopolies
from competition-a drag on growth. (To be sure, proper
regulation in some sectors must precede liberalization to
avoid potential disruptions in socially important markets,
such as finance or basic services.) Also, access for
developing countries' services exports to industrial
countries has yet to be fully bound in the General Agreement
on Trade in Services (GATS) (World Bank 2001). Finally,
national laws prevent greater labor mobility that would
otherwise contribute to higher standards of living in both
receiving and sending countries. Fourth, reducing the costs
of trading by improving international transportation
services, customs and ports, and logistics management- trade
facilitation-requires substantial new investment, additional
technical assistance, and coordinated multilateral efforts.
Trade facilitation is fundamental to realizing the expanded
trade promise of Doha, but the WTO agenda constitutes a
small part of the challenge. Finally, the issue of special
treatment for developing countries cuts across all of these
policy domains and affects trade preferences and exemptions
from WTO regulations. The pursuit of trade preferences and
exemptions from multilateral rules have not always served
developing countries particularly well, both because
preferences have not proven reliable and because selective
coverage has often left productivity-detracting trade
barriers in place. The residual barriers sap growth in the
protected economies and in developing-country trading
partners that are denied access. Perhaps most important, the
majority of the world's poor do not live in the least
developed countries (LDCs). Trade preferences targeted at
these countries do not benefit the three quarters of the
world's poor that live on US$1 per day in other
countries. In implementing new WTO rules, new accords will
be most effective if they recognize differences among
individual countries' capacity to undertake new,
resource-intensive rules. These differences require a new
approach to special and differential treatment. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Publication |
| author |
World Bank |
| author_facet |
World Bank |
| author_sort |
World Bank |
| title |
Global Economic Prospects 2004 : Realizing the Development Promise of the Doha Agenda |
| title_short |
Global Economic Prospects 2004 : Realizing the Development Promise of the Doha Agenda |
| title_full |
Global Economic Prospects 2004 : Realizing the Development Promise of the Doha Agenda |
| title_fullStr |
Global Economic Prospects 2004 : Realizing the Development Promise of the Doha Agenda |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Global Economic Prospects 2004 : Realizing the Development Promise of the Doha Agenda |
| title_sort |
global economic prospects 2004 : realizing the development promise of the doha agenda |
| publisher |
Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2013 |
| url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/14782 |
| _version_ |
1764430954921721856 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-147822021-04-23T14:03:21Z Global Economic Prospects 2004 : Realizing the Development Promise of the Doha Agenda World Bank agricultural products agricultural protection agricultural sector agricultural support agricultural trade agriculture Antidumping antidumping actions Antidumping duties apparel apparel exports average tariff average tariffs border protection capital market comparative advantage competitiveness Corporate profits current account current account deficit Customs Customs clearance data collection debt deflation developed countries Developing Countries developing country Development Economics Development Programme development strategy dividends domestic production Economic effects economists elasticity export growth export market export performance export shares exporters exports external environment external funding foreign markets GDP GDP per capita generalized system of preferences global integration global marketplace global trade high unemployment imports Income income countries individual countries industrial production Inflation interest rates International Migration international trade international transport investor confidence LDCs macroeconomic policy Market access market share Market shares monetary policy net imports net worth oil OPEC partner institutions poor countries poor people poverty analysis poverty reduction poverty reduction strategies private consumption producers Productivity productivity growth quality standards quotas real income reducing poverty regional trade Rules of origin rural areas rural households Rural poverty safety standards short term structural reforms tariff protection Tariff rate tariff rates tariff structures technical assistance terms of trade trade agreements trade barriers trade blocs trade costs Trade Development trade facilitation trade integration trade liberalization Trade Patterns trade policies trade preferences trade reforms transport costs trends analysis unemployment rates Uruguay Round Wages World Trade World Trade Organization world trading system WTO Trade barriers Developing countries Multilateral agreements Trade negotiations Trade policy reform Trade preferences Trade regulation Trade regime Market access Protective tariffs Agricultural policy reform Agricultural trade Labor mobility World Trade Organization Trade liberalization Migration policy Remittances Trading risk Foreign workers International security Trade facilitation International transport Transport costs Trade integration Manufactured exports Tariff reductions Competitiveness Economic productivity Skilled workers Capital flows General Agreement on Tariffs & Trade Trade expansion Technical assistance The international community finds itself at a crossroads as it approaches the last quarter of 2003. Will the Doha Agenda regenerate the multilateral consensus that has been the hallmark of successive rounds of trade liberalization since 1947 and in doing so provide new impetus for global integration? Or will the Doha Agenda collapse in stalemate and perhaps be viewed as the moment when the international community retreated from multilateralism and opened the floodgates for less desirable bilateral and regional arrangements? The round has the opportunity to remove many of the inequities in the global trading system that put developing countries-and poor people in particular-at a disadvantage in their trade. Several issues under discussion are pivotal to development outcomes. They are the focus of this report: First, because most poor people live in rural areas, trade barriers in agriculture are among the most important to poverty reduction. Second, labor-intensive manufactures have been the most dynamic market segment for every major region, including Africa, yet many developing countries find that their exports meet obstacles in foreign markets-high tariffs, quotas, specific duties, and "antidevelopment" tariff structures that discourage adding value in poor countries. Third, in services, the potential for development-promoting reciprocal gains is especially high. Regulations in some developing countries still protect some inefficient state monopolies from competition-a drag on growth. (To be sure, proper regulation in some sectors must precede liberalization to avoid potential disruptions in socially important markets, such as finance or basic services.) Also, access for developing countries' services exports to industrial countries has yet to be fully bound in the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) (World Bank 2001). Finally, national laws prevent greater labor mobility that would otherwise contribute to higher standards of living in both receiving and sending countries. Fourth, reducing the costs of trading by improving international transportation services, customs and ports, and logistics management- trade facilitation-requires substantial new investment, additional technical assistance, and coordinated multilateral efforts. Trade facilitation is fundamental to realizing the expanded trade promise of Doha, but the WTO agenda constitutes a small part of the challenge. Finally, the issue of special treatment for developing countries cuts across all of these policy domains and affects trade preferences and exemptions from WTO regulations. The pursuit of trade preferences and exemptions from multilateral rules have not always served developing countries particularly well, both because preferences have not proven reliable and because selective coverage has often left productivity-detracting trade barriers in place. The residual barriers sap growth in the protected economies and in developing-country trading partners that are denied access. Perhaps most important, the majority of the world's poor do not live in the least developed countries (LDCs). Trade preferences targeted at these countries do not benefit the three quarters of the world's poor that live on US$1 per day in other countries. In implementing new WTO rules, new accords will be most effective if they recognize differences among individual countries' capacity to undertake new, resource-intensive rules. These differences require a new approach to special and differential treatment. 2013-08-02T22:20:53Z 2013-08-02T22:20:53Z 2003-09-01 0-8213-5582-1 1014-8906 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/14782 en_US CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Publication Publications & Research |