Ethnic Minority Development in Vietnam : A Socioeconomic Perspective

The authors examine the latest quantitative evidence on disparities in living standards between and among different ethnic groups in Vietnam. Using data from the 1998 Vietnam Living Standards Survey and 1999 Census, they show that Kinh and Hoa (&qu...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Baulch, Bob, Thi Kim Chuyen, Truong, Haughton, Dominique, Haughton, Jonathan
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, D.C. 2013
Subjects:	ADDITIONAL RESOURCES AGED AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION ANTHROPOLOGISTS CENSUS DATA COMMUNES CULTURAL NORMS DATA SOURCES DETAILED EXAMINATION DEVELOPMENT POLICIES DEVELOPMENT STUDIES DISCRIMINATION ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ENROLLMENT RATE ENROLLMENT RATES ETHNIC GROUP ETHNIC MINORITIES ETHNIC MINORITY GROUPS ETHNICITY EXCHANGE RATE FEMALE-HEADED HOUSEHOLDS GIRLS GROSS ENROLLMENT HEALTH CARE HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD WELFARE HOUSING HUMAN CAPITAL IDENTITY INSTRUCTION INTERVENTIONS IRON LIVING STANDARDS MALNUTRITION MARRIAGES MEAN CONSUMPTION MEASLES MIGRANTS MIGRATION MOTHERS NATIONAL AVERAGE NER NET ENROLLMENT PARENTS POLICY RESEARCH POLIO POLYGAMY POOR COUNTRIES POOR PEOPLE POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY HEADCOUNT POVERTY LINE POVERTY REDUCTION PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOLS PUBLIC POLICY PUPILS QUALITATIVE STUDIES REAL TERMS RELIGION RELIGIOUS GROUPS RURAL AREAS RURAL DEVELOPMENT RURAL POOR RURAL POVERTY SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE SIZES SCHOOLS SECONDARY LEVEL SOCIETY STATISTICAL OFFICE TEXTBOOKS URBAN AREAS VILLAGES YOUNG CHILDREN ETHNIC RELATIONS ETHNO-RELIGIOUS CONFLICTS MINORITY GROUPS STANDARD OF LIVING LIVING STANDARDS INDICATORS SCHOOL ENROLLMENT HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE SURVEYS CULTURAL IDENTITY SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2002/05/1783728/ethnic-minority-development-vietnam-socioeconomic-perspective http://hdl.handle.net/10986/14802

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Summary:	The authors examine the latest quantitative evidence on disparities in living standards between and among different ethnic groups in Vietnam. Using data from the 1998 Vietnam Living Standards Survey and 1999 Census, they show that Kinh and Hoa ("majority") households have substantially higher living standards than "minority" households from Vietnam's other 52 ethnic groups. Subdividing the population into five broad categories, the authors find that while the Kinh, Hoa, Khmer, and Northern Highland minorities have benefited from economic growth in the 1990s, the growth of Central Highland minorities has stagnated. Disaggregating further, they find that the same ethnic groups whose living standards have risen fastest are those that have the highest school enrollment rates, are most likely to intermarry with Kinh partners, and are the least likely to practice a religion. The authors then estimate and decompose a set of expenditure regressions which show that even if minority households had the same endowments as Kinh households, this would close no more than a third of the gap in per capita expenditures. While some ethnic minorities seem to be doing well with a strategy of assimilating (both culturally and economically) with the Kinh-Hoa majority, other groups are attempting to integrate economically while retaining distinct cultural identities. A third group comprising the Central Highland minorities, including the Hmong, is largely being left behind by the growth process. Such diversity in the socioeconomic development experiences of the different ethnic minorities indicates the need for similar diversity in the policy interventions that are designed to assist them.

Ethnic Minority Development in Vietnam : A Socioeconomic Perspective

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