Foreign Wage Premium, Gender and Education : Insights from Vietnam Household Surveys
This paper investigates the differential impacts of foreign ownership on wages for different types of workers (in terms of educational background and gender) in Vietnam using the Vietnam Household Living Standards Surveys of 2002 and 2004. Whereas...
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English en_US |
| Published: |
World Bank, Washington, DC
2013
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/04/17625228/foreign-wage-premium-gender-education-insights-vietnam-household-surveys http://hdl.handle.net/10986/15567 |
| id |
okr-10986-15567 |
|---|---|
| recordtype |
oai_dc |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
ACCOUNTING AGRICULTURE AVERAGE WAGE AVERAGE WAGES BILATERAL TRADE CHANGES IN OWNERSHIP COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE CORPORATE GOVERNANCE CROSS-SECTIONAL DATA DEFLATORS DEPENDENT DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT POLICY DOMESTIC MARKETS EARNING EARNINGS REGRESSIONS ECONOMIC HISTORY ECONOMIC STRUCTURE ECONOMICS RESEARCH EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EDUCATIONAL LEVEL EFFICIENCY WAGES EMPLOYEE EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT EFFECT EMPLOYMENT EFFECTS EMPLOYMENT GROWTH EMPLOYMENT STATUS EXCHANGE RATE EXPORT MARKETS EXPORT PROCESSING ZONE EXPORT PROCESSING ZONES EXPORTS FEMALE INTENSITY FEMALE LABOR FEMALE WORKER FEMALE WORKERS FEMINIST ECONOMICS FINANCIAL SERVICES FIRM SIZE FIRM-LEVEL ANALYSES FIRM-LEVEL ANALYSIS FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN ENTERPRISES FOREIGN EXCHANGE FOREIGN FIRM FOREIGN FIRMS FOREIGN INVESTMENT FOREIGN INVESTORS FOREIGN OWNERSHIP FOREIGN-OWNED FIRMS GDP GENDER GENDER DISTRIBUTION GENDER GAP GENDER GAPS GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GROWTH RATE HIGH WAGE HIGH-TECH INDUSTRIES HIGH-WAGE AREAS HOUSEHOLD ENTERPRISES HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN RESOURCES INDUSTRIAL ECONOMICS INDUSTRIALIZATION INDUSTRY CHARACTERISTICS INDUSTRY WAGE INFORMAL SECTOR INFORMAL SECTORS INTERNAL MIGRATION INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVESTMENT CLIMATE JOB CREATION JOBS LABOR ALLOCATION LABOR DEMAND LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LABOR REALLOCATION LABOUR LABOUR MARKET LABOUR REGULATION LIVING STANDARDS MALE COUNTERPART MALE COUNTERPARTS MALE WORKERS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES MANUFACTURING WAGES MARITAL STATUS MIGRANTS NEGOTIATION OCCUPATIONS OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN OWNERSHIP INFORMATION PERFORMANCE PAY PREVIOUS STUDIES PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIVATE ENTERPRISES PRIVATE FIRMS PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATE SECTORS PRIVATIZATION PRODUCTIVITY REGRESSION ANALYSES SERVICE SECTORS SINGLE WOMEN SKILL PREMIUM SKILLED WORKERS SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES STRUCTURAL CHANGE SURPLUS LABOR TAKEOVER TELECOMMUNICATIONS TOTAL EMPLOYMENT UNCTAD UNEMPLOYED UNSKILLED LABOR UNSKILLED MEN UNSKILLED WOMEN UNSKILLED WORKERS WAGE DATA WAGE DIFFERENTIAL WAGE DIFFERENTIALS WAGE EFFECT WAGE EFFECTS WAGE EMPLOYMENT WAGE GAINS WAGE GAP WAGE GROWTH WAGE INCREASE WAGE INEQUALITY WAGE LEVELS WAGE PREMIUM WAGE PREMIUMS WAGE RATES WAGE SECTOR WAGE STRUCTURE WORKER WORKERS WORKING CONDITIONS WORKING HOURS WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO |
| spellingShingle |
ACCOUNTING AGRICULTURE AVERAGE WAGE AVERAGE WAGES BILATERAL TRADE CHANGES IN OWNERSHIP COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE CORPORATE GOVERNANCE CROSS-SECTIONAL DATA DEFLATORS DEPENDENT DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT POLICY DOMESTIC MARKETS EARNING EARNINGS REGRESSIONS ECONOMIC HISTORY ECONOMIC STRUCTURE ECONOMICS RESEARCH EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EDUCATIONAL LEVEL EFFICIENCY WAGES EMPLOYEE EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT EFFECT EMPLOYMENT EFFECTS EMPLOYMENT GROWTH EMPLOYMENT STATUS EXCHANGE RATE EXPORT MARKETS EXPORT PROCESSING ZONE EXPORT PROCESSING ZONES EXPORTS FEMALE INTENSITY FEMALE LABOR FEMALE WORKER FEMALE WORKERS FEMINIST ECONOMICS FINANCIAL SERVICES FIRM SIZE FIRM-LEVEL ANALYSES FIRM-LEVEL ANALYSIS FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN ENTERPRISES FOREIGN EXCHANGE FOREIGN FIRM FOREIGN FIRMS FOREIGN INVESTMENT FOREIGN INVESTORS FOREIGN OWNERSHIP FOREIGN-OWNED FIRMS GDP GENDER GENDER DISTRIBUTION GENDER GAP GENDER GAPS GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GROWTH RATE HIGH WAGE HIGH-TECH INDUSTRIES HIGH-WAGE AREAS HOUSEHOLD ENTERPRISES HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN RESOURCES INDUSTRIAL ECONOMICS INDUSTRIALIZATION INDUSTRY CHARACTERISTICS INDUSTRY WAGE INFORMAL SECTOR INFORMAL SECTORS INTERNAL MIGRATION INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVESTMENT CLIMATE JOB CREATION JOBS LABOR ALLOCATION LABOR DEMAND LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LABOR REALLOCATION LABOUR LABOUR MARKET LABOUR REGULATION LIVING STANDARDS MALE COUNTERPART MALE COUNTERPARTS MALE WORKERS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES MANUFACTURING WAGES MARITAL STATUS MIGRANTS NEGOTIATION OCCUPATIONS OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN OWNERSHIP INFORMATION PERFORMANCE PAY PREVIOUS STUDIES PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIVATE ENTERPRISES PRIVATE FIRMS PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATE SECTORS PRIVATIZATION PRODUCTIVITY REGRESSION ANALYSES SERVICE SECTORS SINGLE WOMEN SKILL PREMIUM SKILLED WORKERS SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES STRUCTURAL CHANGE SURPLUS LABOR TAKEOVER TELECOMMUNICATIONS TOTAL EMPLOYMENT UNCTAD UNEMPLOYED UNSKILLED LABOR UNSKILLED MEN UNSKILLED WOMEN UNSKILLED WORKERS WAGE DATA WAGE DIFFERENTIAL WAGE DIFFERENTIALS WAGE EFFECT WAGE EFFECTS WAGE EMPLOYMENT WAGE GAINS WAGE GAP WAGE GROWTH WAGE INCREASE WAGE INEQUALITY WAGE LEVELS WAGE PREMIUM WAGE PREMIUMS WAGE RATES WAGE SECTOR WAGE STRUCTURE WORKER WORKERS WORKING CONDITIONS WORKING HOURS WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO Fukase, Emiko Foreign Wage Premium, Gender and Education : Insights from Vietnam Household Surveys |
| geographic_facet |
East Asia and Pacific Vietnam |
| relation |
Policy Research Working Paper;No. 6421 |
| description |
This paper investigates the differential
impacts of foreign ownership on wages for different types of
workers (in terms of educational background and gender) in
Vietnam using the Vietnam Household Living Standards Surveys
of 2002 and 2004. Whereas most previous studies have
compared wage levels between foreign and domestic sectors
using firm-level data (thus excluding the informal sector),
one advantage of using the Living Standards Surveys in this
paper is that the data allow wage comparison analyses to
extend to the informal wage sector. A series of Mincerian
earnings equations and worker-specific fixed effects models
are estimated. Several findings emerge. First, foreign firms
pay higher wages relative to their domestic counterparts
after controlling for workers personal characteristics.
Second, the higher the individual workers' levels of
education, the larger on average are the wage premiums for
those who work for foreign firms. Third, longer hours of
work in foreign firm jobs relative to working in the
informal wage sector are an important component of the wage
premium. Finally, unskilled women experience a larger
foreign wage premium than unskilled men, reflecting the low
earning opportunities for women and a higher gender gap in
the informal wage sector. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Fukase, Emiko |
| author_facet |
Fukase, Emiko |
| author_sort |
Fukase, Emiko |
| title |
Foreign Wage Premium, Gender and Education : Insights from Vietnam Household Surveys |
| title_short |
Foreign Wage Premium, Gender and Education : Insights from Vietnam Household Surveys |
| title_full |
Foreign Wage Premium, Gender and Education : Insights from Vietnam Household Surveys |
| title_fullStr |
Foreign Wage Premium, Gender and Education : Insights from Vietnam Household Surveys |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Foreign Wage Premium, Gender and Education : Insights from Vietnam Household Surveys |
| title_sort |
foreign wage premium, gender and education : insights from vietnam household surveys |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2013 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/04/17625228/foreign-wage-premium-gender-education-insights-vietnam-household-surveys http://hdl.handle.net/10986/15567 |
| _version_ |
1764429424011247616 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-155672021-04-23T14:03:19Z Foreign Wage Premium, Gender and Education : Insights from Vietnam Household Surveys Fukase, Emiko ACCOUNTING AGRICULTURE AVERAGE WAGE AVERAGE WAGES BILATERAL TRADE CHANGES IN OWNERSHIP COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE CORPORATE GOVERNANCE CROSS-SECTIONAL DATA DEFLATORS DEPENDENT DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT POLICY DOMESTIC MARKETS EARNING EARNINGS REGRESSIONS ECONOMIC HISTORY ECONOMIC STRUCTURE ECONOMICS RESEARCH EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EDUCATIONAL LEVEL EFFICIENCY WAGES EMPLOYEE EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT EFFECT EMPLOYMENT EFFECTS EMPLOYMENT GROWTH EMPLOYMENT STATUS EXCHANGE RATE EXPORT MARKETS EXPORT PROCESSING ZONE EXPORT PROCESSING ZONES EXPORTS FEMALE INTENSITY FEMALE LABOR FEMALE WORKER FEMALE WORKERS FEMINIST ECONOMICS FINANCIAL SERVICES FIRM SIZE FIRM-LEVEL ANALYSES FIRM-LEVEL ANALYSIS FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN ENTERPRISES FOREIGN EXCHANGE FOREIGN FIRM FOREIGN FIRMS FOREIGN INVESTMENT FOREIGN INVESTORS FOREIGN OWNERSHIP FOREIGN-OWNED FIRMS GDP GENDER GENDER DISTRIBUTION GENDER GAP GENDER GAPS GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GROWTH RATE HIGH WAGE HIGH-TECH INDUSTRIES HIGH-WAGE AREAS HOUSEHOLD ENTERPRISES HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN RESOURCES INDUSTRIAL ECONOMICS INDUSTRIALIZATION INDUSTRY CHARACTERISTICS INDUSTRY WAGE INFORMAL SECTOR INFORMAL SECTORS INTERNAL MIGRATION INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVESTMENT CLIMATE JOB CREATION JOBS LABOR ALLOCATION LABOR DEMAND LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LABOR REALLOCATION LABOUR LABOUR MARKET LABOUR REGULATION LIVING STANDARDS MALE COUNTERPART MALE COUNTERPARTS MALE WORKERS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES MANUFACTURING WAGES MARITAL STATUS MIGRANTS NEGOTIATION OCCUPATIONS OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN OWNERSHIP INFORMATION PERFORMANCE PAY PREVIOUS STUDIES PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIVATE ENTERPRISES PRIVATE FIRMS PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATE SECTORS PRIVATIZATION PRODUCTIVITY REGRESSION ANALYSES SERVICE SECTORS SINGLE WOMEN SKILL PREMIUM SKILLED WORKERS SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES STRUCTURAL CHANGE SURPLUS LABOR TAKEOVER TELECOMMUNICATIONS TOTAL EMPLOYMENT UNCTAD UNEMPLOYED UNSKILLED LABOR UNSKILLED MEN UNSKILLED WOMEN UNSKILLED WORKERS WAGE DATA WAGE DIFFERENTIAL WAGE DIFFERENTIALS WAGE EFFECT WAGE EFFECTS WAGE EMPLOYMENT WAGE GAINS WAGE GAP WAGE GROWTH WAGE INCREASE WAGE INEQUALITY WAGE LEVELS WAGE PREMIUM WAGE PREMIUMS WAGE RATES WAGE SECTOR WAGE STRUCTURE WORKER WORKERS WORKING CONDITIONS WORKING HOURS WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO This paper investigates the differential impacts of foreign ownership on wages for different types of workers (in terms of educational background and gender) in Vietnam using the Vietnam Household Living Standards Surveys of 2002 and 2004. Whereas most previous studies have compared wage levels between foreign and domestic sectors using firm-level data (thus excluding the informal sector), one advantage of using the Living Standards Surveys in this paper is that the data allow wage comparison analyses to extend to the informal wage sector. A series of Mincerian earnings equations and worker-specific fixed effects models are estimated. Several findings emerge. First, foreign firms pay higher wages relative to their domestic counterparts after controlling for workers personal characteristics. Second, the higher the individual workers' levels of education, the larger on average are the wage premiums for those who work for foreign firms. Third, longer hours of work in foreign firm jobs relative to working in the informal wage sector are an important component of the wage premium. Finally, unskilled women experience a larger foreign wage premium than unskilled men, reflecting the low earning opportunities for women and a higher gender gap in the informal wage sector. 2013-09-04T15:52:14Z 2013-09-04T15:52:14Z 2013-04 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/04/17625228/foreign-wage-premium-gender-education-insights-vietnam-household-surveys http://hdl.handle.net/10986/15567 English en_US Policy Research Working Paper;No. 6421 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research East Asia and Pacific Vietnam |