Biodiversity and National Accounting

Biodiversity, a property of natural areas, provides a range of benefits to the economy including bioprospecting rents, knowledge and insurance, ecotourism fees, and ecosystem services. Many of these values can be broken out in the System of Nationa...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Hamilton, Kirk
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2013
Subjects:	AGRICULTURAL LAND AGRICULTURAL LANDS AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY AGRICULTURE ALTERNATIVE USE ANIMALS ASSETS BALANCE SHEET BEQUEST VALUES BIODIVERSITY BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION BIODIVERSITY FINANCE BIODIVERSITY PROTECTION BIODIVERSITY VALUES BIOPROSPECTING CAPITAL THEORY CARBON CARBON SEQUESTRATION COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES COMMERCIAL SPECIES COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT CONSERVATION EFFORTS CONSTANT RETURNS TO SCALE CONSUMER SURPLUS COUNTRY COMPARISONS CROP PRODUCTION DAMAGES DEMAND CURVE DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT POLICY ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS ECOLOGY ECONOMIC BENEFITS ECONOMIC VALUE ECONOMICS ECOSYSTEM ECOSYSTEM ASSESSMENT ECOSYSTEM RESILIENCE ECOSYSTEM SERVICES ECOSYSTEMS EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS EVOLUTION EXISTENCE VALUE EXISTENCE VALUES EXPECTED UTILITY EXPECTED VALUE EXPECTED VALUES EXPENDITURES EXTERNALITIES EXTERNALITY EXTINCTION FARMS FISCAL POLICIES FISH FISHING FOOD CROPS FORESTS GDP GDP PER CAPITA GENETIC INFORMATION GENETIC MAKEUP GENETIC MATERIAL GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT HUNTING INSURANCE INTERMEDIATE GOODS LAND AREA LAND VALUE MARGINAL BENEFITS MARGINAL VALUE MEASURING EXISTENCE MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES NATIONAL ACCOUNTING NATIONAL INCOME NATURAL AREAS NATURAL CAPITAL NATURAL ENVIRONMENT NATURAL RESOURCES NATURAL SYSTEMS NATURAL WEALTH NATURE NATURE TOURISM NON-USE VALUES OPEN ACCESS OPPORTUNITY COST OPPORTUNITY COSTS OPTION VALUE PARK ENTRY FEES PATENTS PATHOGENS PRESENT VALUE PRODUCTION FUNCTION PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS PRODUCTIVITY PROTECTED AREAS PUBLIC GOOD PUBLIC GOODS RESOURCE DEPLETION SAVINGS SAVINGS RATES SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE SPECIES SPECIES ABUNDANCE STATED PREFERENCE METHODS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT THRESHOLDS TOTAL ECONOMIC VALUE USE VALUE UTILITY FUNCTION VALUATION WEALTH WEALTH CREATION WILDLIFE WILLINGNESS TO PAY
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/05/17704454/biodiversity-national-accounting http://hdl.handle.net/10986/15582

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Summary:	Biodiversity, a property of natural areas, provides a range of benefits to the economy including bioprospecting rents, knowledge and insurance, ecotourism fees, and ecosystem services. Many of these values can be broken out in the System of National Accounts, leading to better estimates of the economic losses when natural areas are degraded or destroyed. Developing countries harbor the great majority of biodiversity, and this diversity provides benefits, including knowledge and carbon sequestration, to the whole world. However, protecting biodiversity is particularly costly for developing countries: the opportunity cost of foregoing development of natural areas exceeds 1 percent of gross domestic product in 58 developing countries, versus only four OECD countries. The Global Environment Facility can offset these costs through grant finance, but annual Global Environment Facility finance and co-finance averages only 8 percent of the opportunity costs faced by low-income countries.

Biodiversity and National Accounting

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