The Exceptional Persistence of India's Unorganized Sector

The transformation of India's unorganized sector is important to its modernization, growth, and attainment of regional economic equality. This paper documents several key facts about India's unorganized sector in manufacturing and service...

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Main Authors:	Ghani, Ejaz, Kerr, William R., O'Connell, Stephen D.
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2013
Subjects:	ACCOUNTING AGGREGATE GROWTH AGGREGATE PRODUCTIVITY AGGREGATE PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH AVERAGE WAGE BUSINESS ACTIVITY BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT BUSINESS LEADERS BUSINESS REGISTRATION BUSINESS SERVICES COMPETITIVENESS COMPUTER HARDWARE COMPUTERS CONFIDENTIAL DATA CONNECTIVITY CONTRACT LABOR DATA CENTER DATA QUALITY DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DRIVERS ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ELECTRICITY EMPLOYEE EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT GROWTH EMPLOYMENT GROWTH RATE EMPLOYMENT LEVEL EMPLOYMENT LEVELS EMPLOYMENT SHARE ENTERPRISE SECTOR ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENTS FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE FIRM SIZE FUTURE RESEARCH GLOBALIZATION GROWTH PATH HIGH EMPLOYMENT HIGH ENTRY RATE HIGH ENTRY RATES HIGH LEVELS HOUSEHOLD ENTERPRISE HUMAN CAPITAL INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURES INFORMAL ECONOMY INFORMAL SECTOR INNOVATION INNOVATION POLICY INSPECTION INSTITUTION JOB CREATION JOB DESTRUCTION JOB SECURITY JOBS LABOR ECONOMICS LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR INTENSITY LABOR LAWS LABOR REGULATION LABOR REGULATIONS LABOUR LICENSE LITERACY LITERACY RATE LITERACY RATES LITERATURE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY MATERIAL MISSING VALUES NETWORKS OPEN ACCESS PAPERS PLANT PRODUCTIVITY POPULATION DENSITY PREVIOUS SECTION PRODUCTION FUNCTION PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PROPERTY RIGHTS RADIO RESEARCHERS RESULTS RURAL POVERTY SCIENTISTS SERVICE INDUSTRIES SERVICE SECTOR SMALL BUSINESSES SMALL MANUFACTURING TELEVISION TIME PERIOD TIME PERIODS TOTAL EMPLOYMENT TRADE LIBERALIZATION UNEMPLOYMENT UNPAID WORKERS USES WEB WORKER WORKERS
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/05/17738072/exceptional-persistence-indias-unorganized-sector http://hdl.handle.net/10986/15593

id	okr-10986-15593
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spelling	okr-10986-155932021-04-23T14:03:19Z The Exceptional Persistence of India's Unorganized Sector Ghani, Ejaz Kerr, William R. O'Connell, Stephen D. ACCOUNTING AGGREGATE GROWTH AGGREGATE PRODUCTIVITY AGGREGATE PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH AVERAGE WAGE BUSINESS ACTIVITY BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT BUSINESS LEADERS BUSINESS REGISTRATION BUSINESS SERVICES COMPETITIVENESS COMPUTER HARDWARE COMPUTERS CONFIDENTIAL DATA CONNECTIVITY CONTRACT LABOR DATA CENTER DATA QUALITY DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DRIVERS ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ELECTRICITY EMPLOYEE EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT GROWTH EMPLOYMENT GROWTH RATE EMPLOYMENT LEVEL EMPLOYMENT LEVELS EMPLOYMENT SHARE ENTERPRISE SECTOR ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENTS FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE FIRM SIZE FUTURE RESEARCH GLOBALIZATION GROWTH PATH HIGH EMPLOYMENT HIGH ENTRY RATE HIGH ENTRY RATES HIGH LEVELS HOUSEHOLD ENTERPRISE HUMAN CAPITAL INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURES INFORMAL ECONOMY INFORMAL SECTOR INNOVATION INNOVATION POLICY INSPECTION INSTITUTION JOB CREATION JOB DESTRUCTION JOB SECURITY JOBS LABOR ECONOMICS LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR INTENSITY LABOR LAWS LABOR REGULATION LABOR REGULATIONS LABOUR LICENSE LITERACY LITERACY RATE LITERACY RATES LITERATURE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY MATERIAL MISSING VALUES NETWORKS OPEN ACCESS PAPERS PLANT PRODUCTIVITY POPULATION DENSITY PREVIOUS SECTION PRODUCTION FUNCTION PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PROPERTY RIGHTS RADIO RESEARCHERS RESULTS RURAL POVERTY SCIENTISTS SERVICE INDUSTRIES SERVICE SECTOR SMALL BUSINESSES SMALL MANUFACTURING TELEVISION TIME PERIOD TIME PERIODS TOTAL EMPLOYMENT TRADE LIBERALIZATION UNEMPLOYMENT UNPAID WORKERS USES WEB WORKER WORKERS The transformation of India's unorganized sector is important to its modernization, growth, and attainment of regional economic equality. This paper documents several key facts about India's unorganized sector in manufacturing and services. First, the unorganized sector is large, accounting for more than 99 percent of establishments and 80 percent of employment in manufacturing. Second, the unorganized sector is stubbornly persistent -- it accounted for 81 percent of manufacturing employment in 1989 and 2005. Third, this persistence is not due to particular subsets of industries or states, as most industries and states show limited change in unorganized sector employment shares. Fourth, the degree to which localized unorganized activity exists is important as it is associated with weaker production functions for manufacturing firms. Building from these facts, the paper investigates conditions promoting transformation by state-industry. Decomposition exercises find that both within and between adjustments for state-industries weakly reduce unorganized sector shares. The aggregate persistence instead comes from the covariance term, where fast-growing state-industries witness rising unorganized sector activity. Regressions quantify that growth in the organized sector by state-industry reduces the unorganized sector employment share, but only marginally reduces employment levels in unorganized activity. Analysis of the establishment size distribution highlights that entrepreneurship and larger organized sector plants are most important for transitions in the manufacturing sector, while small establishments play a key role in the services sector. 2013-09-04T18:14:37Z 2013-09-04T18:14:37Z 2013-05 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/05/17738072/exceptional-persistence-indias-unorganized-sector http://hdl.handle.net/10986/15593 English en_US Policy Research Working Paper;No. 6454 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research South Asia India
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English en_US
topic	ACCOUNTING AGGREGATE GROWTH AGGREGATE PRODUCTIVITY AGGREGATE PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH AVERAGE WAGE BUSINESS ACTIVITY BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT BUSINESS LEADERS BUSINESS REGISTRATION BUSINESS SERVICES COMPETITIVENESS COMPUTER HARDWARE COMPUTERS CONFIDENTIAL DATA CONNECTIVITY CONTRACT LABOR DATA CENTER DATA QUALITY DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DRIVERS ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ELECTRICITY EMPLOYEE EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT GROWTH EMPLOYMENT GROWTH RATE EMPLOYMENT LEVEL EMPLOYMENT LEVELS EMPLOYMENT SHARE ENTERPRISE SECTOR ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENTS FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE FIRM SIZE FUTURE RESEARCH GLOBALIZATION GROWTH PATH HIGH EMPLOYMENT HIGH ENTRY RATE HIGH ENTRY RATES HIGH LEVELS HOUSEHOLD ENTERPRISE HUMAN CAPITAL INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURES INFORMAL ECONOMY INFORMAL SECTOR INNOVATION INNOVATION POLICY INSPECTION INSTITUTION JOB CREATION JOB DESTRUCTION JOB SECURITY JOBS LABOR ECONOMICS LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR INTENSITY LABOR LAWS LABOR REGULATION LABOR REGULATIONS LABOUR LICENSE LITERACY LITERACY RATE LITERACY RATES LITERATURE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY MATERIAL MISSING VALUES NETWORKS OPEN ACCESS PAPERS PLANT PRODUCTIVITY POPULATION DENSITY PREVIOUS SECTION PRODUCTION FUNCTION PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PROPERTY RIGHTS RADIO RESEARCHERS RESULTS RURAL POVERTY SCIENTISTS SERVICE INDUSTRIES SERVICE SECTOR SMALL BUSINESSES SMALL MANUFACTURING TELEVISION TIME PERIOD TIME PERIODS TOTAL EMPLOYMENT TRADE LIBERALIZATION UNEMPLOYMENT UNPAID WORKERS USES WEB WORKER WORKERS
spellingShingle	ACCOUNTING AGGREGATE GROWTH AGGREGATE PRODUCTIVITY AGGREGATE PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH AVERAGE WAGE BUSINESS ACTIVITY BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT BUSINESS LEADERS BUSINESS REGISTRATION BUSINESS SERVICES COMPETITIVENESS COMPUTER HARDWARE COMPUTERS CONFIDENTIAL DATA CONNECTIVITY CONTRACT LABOR DATA CENTER DATA QUALITY DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DRIVERS ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ELECTRICITY EMPLOYEE EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT GROWTH EMPLOYMENT GROWTH RATE EMPLOYMENT LEVEL EMPLOYMENT LEVELS EMPLOYMENT SHARE ENTERPRISE SECTOR ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENTS FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE FIRM SIZE FUTURE RESEARCH GLOBALIZATION GROWTH PATH HIGH EMPLOYMENT HIGH ENTRY RATE HIGH ENTRY RATES HIGH LEVELS HOUSEHOLD ENTERPRISE HUMAN CAPITAL INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURES INFORMAL ECONOMY INFORMAL SECTOR INNOVATION INNOVATION POLICY INSPECTION INSTITUTION JOB CREATION JOB DESTRUCTION JOB SECURITY JOBS LABOR ECONOMICS LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR INTENSITY LABOR LAWS LABOR REGULATION LABOR REGULATIONS LABOUR LICENSE LITERACY LITERACY RATE LITERACY RATES LITERATURE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY MATERIAL MISSING VALUES NETWORKS OPEN ACCESS PAPERS PLANT PRODUCTIVITY POPULATION DENSITY PREVIOUS SECTION PRODUCTION FUNCTION PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PROPERTY RIGHTS RADIO RESEARCHERS RESULTS RURAL POVERTY SCIENTISTS SERVICE INDUSTRIES SERVICE SECTOR SMALL BUSINESSES SMALL MANUFACTURING TELEVISION TIME PERIOD TIME PERIODS TOTAL EMPLOYMENT TRADE LIBERALIZATION UNEMPLOYMENT UNPAID WORKERS USES WEB WORKER WORKERS Ghani, Ejaz Kerr, William R. O'Connell, Stephen D. The Exceptional Persistence of India's Unorganized Sector
geographic_facet	South Asia India
relation	Policy Research Working Paper;No. 6454
description	The transformation of India's unorganized sector is important to its modernization, growth, and attainment of regional economic equality. This paper documents several key facts about India's unorganized sector in manufacturing and services. First, the unorganized sector is large, accounting for more than 99 percent of establishments and 80 percent of employment in manufacturing. Second, the unorganized sector is stubbornly persistent -- it accounted for 81 percent of manufacturing employment in 1989 and 2005. Third, this persistence is not due to particular subsets of industries or states, as most industries and states show limited change in unorganized sector employment shares. Fourth, the degree to which localized unorganized activity exists is important as it is associated with weaker production functions for manufacturing firms. Building from these facts, the paper investigates conditions promoting transformation by state-industry. Decomposition exercises find that both within and between adjustments for state-industries weakly reduce unorganized sector shares. The aggregate persistence instead comes from the covariance term, where fast-growing state-industries witness rising unorganized sector activity. Regressions quantify that growth in the organized sector by state-industry reduces the unorganized sector employment share, but only marginally reduces employment levels in unorganized activity. Analysis of the establishment size distribution highlights that entrepreneurship and larger organized sector plants are most important for transitions in the manufacturing sector, while small establishments play a key role in the services sector.
format	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
author	Ghani, Ejaz Kerr, William R. O'Connell, Stephen D.
author_facet	Ghani, Ejaz Kerr, William R. O'Connell, Stephen D.
author_sort	Ghani, Ejaz
title	The Exceptional Persistence of India's Unorganized Sector
title_short	The Exceptional Persistence of India's Unorganized Sector
title_full	The Exceptional Persistence of India's Unorganized Sector
title_fullStr	The Exceptional Persistence of India's Unorganized Sector
title_full_unstemmed	The Exceptional Persistence of India's Unorganized Sector
title_sort	exceptional persistence of india's unorganized sector
publisher	World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate	2013
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/05/17738072/exceptional-persistence-indias-unorganized-sector http://hdl.handle.net/10986/15593
_version_	1764429521337974784

The Exceptional Persistence of India's Unorganized Sector

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