Estimating the Poverty Impacts of Trade Liberalization
As a new round of World Trade Organization negotiations is being launched with greater emphasis on developing country participation, a body of literature is emerging which quantifies how international trade affects the poor in developing countries....
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English en_US |
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2013
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2002/02/1717451/estimating-poverty-impacts-trade-liberalization http://hdl.handle.net/10986/15611 |
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okr-10986-15611 |
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oai_dc |
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Digital Repository |
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Foreign Institution |
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Digital Repositories |
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World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
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World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
TRADE LIBERALIZATION INTERNATIONAL TRADE LITERATURE SURVEYS CROSS-COUNTRY EXPERIENCE REGRESSION ANALYSIS COST OF LIVING ECONOMETRIC MODELS OF POVERTY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE SURVEYS GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODELS NATIONAL ACCOUNTS FACTOR MARKETS POVERTY MEASUREMENT SURVEY DATA HOUSEHOLD INCOME POVERTY ANALYSIS ABSOLUTE POVERTY ADJUSTMENT COST ADJUSTMENT COSTS ADVERSE IMPACT AGGREGATE LEVEL AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURE CASE STUDY COMMODITIES COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE CONSTANT ELASTICITY CONSUMERS CONSUMPTION DATA CROSS- COUNTRY REGRESSION CROSS-COUNTRY REGRESSION DATA REQUIREMENTS DATA SET DATA SOURCES DEMAND CURVE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRY DEVELOPING COUNTRY CONTEXT DISTRIBUTIONAL EFFECTS DIVIDENDS ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC SHOCKS ECONOMIC STRUCTURE ECONOMISTS EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ELASTICITY ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION EMPIRICAL RESULTS EMPIRICAL STUDIES EMPLOYMENT ENDOGENOUS VARIABLES EQUILIBRIUM EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSES EQUILIBRIUM VALUES EXOGENOUS SHOCKS EXPENDITURE DATA EXPENDITURE INFORMATION EXTERNAL SHOCKS FACTOR INCOME FINANCIAL CRISIS FOREIGN EXCHANGE FREE TRADE FUNCTIONAL FORM GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL GLOBAL TRADE GROWTH RATES HOUSEHOLD BEHAVIOR HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD LEVEL HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HOUSEHOLDS INCOME INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME EFFECT INCOME HOUSEHOLDS INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME INFORMATION INCOME LEVEL INCOME LEVELS INCOME SHARE INCOME SOURCES INCOMES INDIVIDUAL LEVEL INEQUALITY VARIABLES INFORMAL ACTIVITIES INFORMAL SECTOR INFORMAL SECTORS INTERMEDIATE INPUTS INTERNATIONAL TRADE LABOR DEMAND LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LABOR SUPPLY LIVING STANDARDS LOW INCOME MARKET LIBERALIZATION MEASURING POVERTY METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES MULTIPLIERS NATIONAL LEVEL NON-AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES POLICY ANALYSIS POLICY OPTIONS POLICY RESEARCH POOR POOR HOUSEHOLDS POSITIVE EFFECT POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY COMPARISONS POVERTY INCREASES POVERTY INDEX POVERTY ISSUES POVERTY LINE POVERTY MEASURES POVERTY REDUCTION PRICE CHANGES PRODUCERS PRODUCTIVE ACTIVITY PRODUCTIVITY REAL WAGE REDISTRIBUTIVE EFFECTS REGRESSION ANALYSIS REGRESSION APPROACH REGRESSION RESULTS RELATIVE IMPACT RELATIVE IMPORTANCE RELATIVE INCOME RELATIVE PRICES RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL HOUSEHOLDS RURAL POOR SAVINGS SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS SHARECROPPING STATISTICAL ANALYSIS SUBSISTENCE FARMERS TERMS OF TRADE TIME FRAME TRADE BALANCE TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE POLICIES TRADE TAXES URBAN URBAN AREAS URBAN ONES URBAN POOR WAGE RATES WAGES WEALTH WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO |
| spellingShingle |
TRADE LIBERALIZATION INTERNATIONAL TRADE LITERATURE SURVEYS CROSS-COUNTRY EXPERIENCE REGRESSION ANALYSIS COST OF LIVING ECONOMETRIC MODELS OF POVERTY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE SURVEYS GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODELS NATIONAL ACCOUNTS FACTOR MARKETS POVERTY MEASUREMENT SURVEY DATA HOUSEHOLD INCOME POVERTY ANALYSIS ABSOLUTE POVERTY ADJUSTMENT COST ADJUSTMENT COSTS ADVERSE IMPACT AGGREGATE LEVEL AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURE CASE STUDY COMMODITIES COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE CONSTANT ELASTICITY CONSUMERS CONSUMPTION DATA CROSS- COUNTRY REGRESSION CROSS-COUNTRY REGRESSION DATA REQUIREMENTS DATA SET DATA SOURCES DEMAND CURVE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRY DEVELOPING COUNTRY CONTEXT DISTRIBUTIONAL EFFECTS DIVIDENDS ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC SHOCKS ECONOMIC STRUCTURE ECONOMISTS EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ELASTICITY ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION EMPIRICAL RESULTS EMPIRICAL STUDIES EMPLOYMENT ENDOGENOUS VARIABLES EQUILIBRIUM EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSES EQUILIBRIUM VALUES EXOGENOUS SHOCKS EXPENDITURE DATA EXPENDITURE INFORMATION EXTERNAL SHOCKS FACTOR INCOME FINANCIAL CRISIS FOREIGN EXCHANGE FREE TRADE FUNCTIONAL FORM GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL GLOBAL TRADE GROWTH RATES HOUSEHOLD BEHAVIOR HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD LEVEL HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HOUSEHOLDS INCOME INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME EFFECT INCOME HOUSEHOLDS INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME INFORMATION INCOME LEVEL INCOME LEVELS INCOME SHARE INCOME SOURCES INCOMES INDIVIDUAL LEVEL INEQUALITY VARIABLES INFORMAL ACTIVITIES INFORMAL SECTOR INFORMAL SECTORS INTERMEDIATE INPUTS INTERNATIONAL TRADE LABOR DEMAND LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LABOR SUPPLY LIVING STANDARDS LOW INCOME MARKET LIBERALIZATION MEASURING POVERTY METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES MULTIPLIERS NATIONAL LEVEL NON-AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES POLICY ANALYSIS POLICY OPTIONS POLICY RESEARCH POOR POOR HOUSEHOLDS POSITIVE EFFECT POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY COMPARISONS POVERTY INCREASES POVERTY INDEX POVERTY ISSUES POVERTY LINE POVERTY MEASURES POVERTY REDUCTION PRICE CHANGES PRODUCERS PRODUCTIVE ACTIVITY PRODUCTIVITY REAL WAGE REDISTRIBUTIVE EFFECTS REGRESSION ANALYSIS REGRESSION APPROACH REGRESSION RESULTS RELATIVE IMPACT RELATIVE IMPORTANCE RELATIVE INCOME RELATIVE PRICES RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL HOUSEHOLDS RURAL POOR SAVINGS SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS SHARECROPPING STATISTICAL ANALYSIS SUBSISTENCE FARMERS TERMS OF TRADE TIME FRAME TRADE BALANCE TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE POLICIES TRADE TAXES URBAN URBAN AREAS URBAN ONES URBAN POOR WAGE RATES WAGES WEALTH WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO Reimer, Jeffrey J. Estimating the Poverty Impacts of Trade Liberalization |
| relation |
Policy Research Working Paper;No. 2790 |
| description |
As a new round of World Trade
Organization negotiations is being launched with greater
emphasis on developing country participation, a body of
literature is emerging which quantifies how international
trade affects the poor in developing countries. In this
survey of the literature, the author summarizes and
classifies 35 trade and poverty studies into four
methodological categories; cross-country regression,
partial-equilibrium and cost-of-living analysis,
general-equilibrium simulation, and micro-macro synthesis.
These categories include a broad range of methodologies in
current use. The continuum of approaches is bounded on one
end by econometric analysis of household expenditure data,
which is the traditional domain of poverty specialists, and
sometimes labeled the "bottoms-up" approach. On
the other end of the continuum are computable general
equilibrium models based on national accounts data, or what
might be called the "top-down" approach. Another
feature of several recent trade and poverty studies--and one
of the primary conclusions to emerge from the October 2000
"Conference on Poverty and the International
Economy," sponsored by Globkom and the World Bank--is
the recognition that factor markets are perhaps the most
important link between trade and poverty, since households
tend to be much more specialized in income than they are in
consumption. Meanwhile, survet data on the income sources of
developing country households has become increasingly
available. As a result, this survey gives particular
emphasis to the means by which studies address factor market
links between trade and poverty. The general conclusion of
the author's survey is that any analysis of trade and
poverty needs to be informed by both the bottom-up and
top-down perspectives. Indeed, recent "two-step"
micro-macro studies sequentially link these two types of
frameworks, such that general equilibrium mechanisms are
incorporated along with detailed household survey
information. Another methodology in a similar spirit and
also increasingly used involves incorporating large numbers
of surveyed households into a general-equilibrium simulation
model. Although most of these studies have so far been
limited to a single region, these approaches can be readily
adapted for multi-region modeling so that trade and poverty
comparisons can be made across countries within a consistent framework. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Reimer, Jeffrey J. |
| author_facet |
Reimer, Jeffrey J. |
| author_sort |
Reimer, Jeffrey J. |
| title |
Estimating the Poverty Impacts of Trade Liberalization |
| title_short |
Estimating the Poverty Impacts of Trade Liberalization |
| title_full |
Estimating the Poverty Impacts of Trade Liberalization |
| title_fullStr |
Estimating the Poverty Impacts of Trade Liberalization |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Estimating the Poverty Impacts of Trade Liberalization |
| title_sort |
estimating the poverty impacts of trade liberalization |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2013 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2002/02/1717451/estimating-poverty-impacts-trade-liberalization http://hdl.handle.net/10986/15611 |
| _version_ |
1764429701268373504 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-156112021-04-23T14:03:19Z Estimating the Poverty Impacts of Trade Liberalization Reimer, Jeffrey J. TRADE LIBERALIZATION INTERNATIONAL TRADE LITERATURE SURVEYS CROSS-COUNTRY EXPERIENCE REGRESSION ANALYSIS COST OF LIVING ECONOMETRIC MODELS OF POVERTY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE SURVEYS GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODELS NATIONAL ACCOUNTS FACTOR MARKETS POVERTY MEASUREMENT SURVEY DATA HOUSEHOLD INCOME POVERTY ANALYSIS ABSOLUTE POVERTY ADJUSTMENT COST ADJUSTMENT COSTS ADVERSE IMPACT AGGREGATE LEVEL AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURE CASE STUDY COMMODITIES COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE CONSTANT ELASTICITY CONSUMERS CONSUMPTION DATA CROSS- COUNTRY REGRESSION CROSS-COUNTRY REGRESSION DATA REQUIREMENTS DATA SET DATA SOURCES DEMAND CURVE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRY DEVELOPING COUNTRY CONTEXT DISTRIBUTIONAL EFFECTS DIVIDENDS ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC SHOCKS ECONOMIC STRUCTURE ECONOMISTS EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ELASTICITY ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION EMPIRICAL RESULTS EMPIRICAL STUDIES EMPLOYMENT ENDOGENOUS VARIABLES EQUILIBRIUM EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSES EQUILIBRIUM VALUES EXOGENOUS SHOCKS EXPENDITURE DATA EXPENDITURE INFORMATION EXTERNAL SHOCKS FACTOR INCOME FINANCIAL CRISIS FOREIGN EXCHANGE FREE TRADE FUNCTIONAL FORM GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL GLOBAL TRADE GROWTH RATES HOUSEHOLD BEHAVIOR HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD LEVEL HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HOUSEHOLDS INCOME INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME EFFECT INCOME HOUSEHOLDS INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME INFORMATION INCOME LEVEL INCOME LEVELS INCOME SHARE INCOME SOURCES INCOMES INDIVIDUAL LEVEL INEQUALITY VARIABLES INFORMAL ACTIVITIES INFORMAL SECTOR INFORMAL SECTORS INTERMEDIATE INPUTS INTERNATIONAL TRADE LABOR DEMAND LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LABOR SUPPLY LIVING STANDARDS LOW INCOME MARKET LIBERALIZATION MEASURING POVERTY METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES MULTIPLIERS NATIONAL LEVEL NON-AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES POLICY ANALYSIS POLICY OPTIONS POLICY RESEARCH POOR POOR HOUSEHOLDS POSITIVE EFFECT POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY COMPARISONS POVERTY INCREASES POVERTY INDEX POVERTY ISSUES POVERTY LINE POVERTY MEASURES POVERTY REDUCTION PRICE CHANGES PRODUCERS PRODUCTIVE ACTIVITY PRODUCTIVITY REAL WAGE REDISTRIBUTIVE EFFECTS REGRESSION ANALYSIS REGRESSION APPROACH REGRESSION RESULTS RELATIVE IMPACT RELATIVE IMPORTANCE RELATIVE INCOME RELATIVE PRICES RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL HOUSEHOLDS RURAL POOR SAVINGS SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS SHARECROPPING STATISTICAL ANALYSIS SUBSISTENCE FARMERS TERMS OF TRADE TIME FRAME TRADE BALANCE TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE POLICIES TRADE TAXES URBAN URBAN AREAS URBAN ONES URBAN POOR WAGE RATES WAGES WEALTH WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO As a new round of World Trade Organization negotiations is being launched with greater emphasis on developing country participation, a body of literature is emerging which quantifies how international trade affects the poor in developing countries. In this survey of the literature, the author summarizes and classifies 35 trade and poverty studies into four methodological categories; cross-country regression, partial-equilibrium and cost-of-living analysis, general-equilibrium simulation, and micro-macro synthesis. These categories include a broad range of methodologies in current use. The continuum of approaches is bounded on one end by econometric analysis of household expenditure data, which is the traditional domain of poverty specialists, and sometimes labeled the "bottoms-up" approach. On the other end of the continuum are computable general equilibrium models based on national accounts data, or what might be called the "top-down" approach. Another feature of several recent trade and poverty studies--and one of the primary conclusions to emerge from the October 2000 "Conference on Poverty and the International Economy," sponsored by Globkom and the World Bank--is the recognition that factor markets are perhaps the most important link between trade and poverty, since households tend to be much more specialized in income than they are in consumption. Meanwhile, survet data on the income sources of developing country households has become increasingly available. As a result, this survey gives particular emphasis to the means by which studies address factor market links between trade and poverty. The general conclusion of the author's survey is that any analysis of trade and poverty needs to be informed by both the bottom-up and top-down perspectives. Indeed, recent "two-step" micro-macro studies sequentially link these two types of frameworks, such that general equilibrium mechanisms are incorporated along with detailed household survey information. Another methodology in a similar spirit and also increasingly used involves incorporating large numbers of surveyed households into a general-equilibrium simulation model. Although most of these studies have so far been limited to a single region, these approaches can be readily adapted for multi-region modeling so that trade and poverty comparisons can be made across countries within a consistent framework. 2013-09-04T19:41:40Z 2013-09-04T19:41:40Z 2002-02 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2002/02/1717451/estimating-poverty-impacts-trade-liberalization http://hdl.handle.net/10986/15611 English en_US Policy Research Working Paper;No. 2790 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research |