Bhutan : Transport Sector Note
Landlocked Bhutan faces unique challenges, and opportunities as it pursues the development of its transport sector into the 21st century. Bhutan's population growth rate is high, rural-urban migration is accelerating, and, fueled by sustained...
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| Format: | Other Infrastructure Study |
| Language: | English en_US |
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Washington, DC
2013
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2004/08/5172911/bhutan-transport-sector-note http://hdl.handle.net/10986/15695 |
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okr-10986-15695 |
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oai_dc |
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Digital Repository |
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Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
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World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
TRANSPORT SECTOR ACCESSIBLE SERVICES RURAL POVERTY DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS LAND LOCKED DEVELOPING COUNTRIES RURAL-URBAN MIGRATIONS URBAN EXPANSION EMPLOYMENT CREATION CONSUMPTION GROWTH SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT TRANSPORTATION ECONOMICS TRANSPORTATION COSTS ROAD TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS TRANSPORT SYSTEMS INTEGRATED REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT MARKET ACCESS TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TRANSPORT MANAGEMENT TRANSPORT PLANNING TRANSPORT POLICY AIR TRANSPORT AIR CARGO RATES PORT FACILITIES URBAN TRANSPORT ROAD USER CHARGES STRATEGIC PLANNING POLICY FRAMEWORK POLICY REFORM INSTITUTIONAL REFORM ACCESS ROADS ACCESS TO MARKETS ACCIDENTS ACCOUNTING ADB AGRICULTURE APPRAISAL OF TRANSPORT ASPHALT ASSET MANAGEMENT ASSETS BITUMEN BOTTLENECKS BRIDGE BRIDGE WIDENING BUS SERVICES BUSES CARGO COMMERCIAL VEHICLES CONCRETE DEPRECIATION DISTRICT ROADS DRAINAGE DRIVER EDUCATION EARTHWORKS ECONOMIC GROWTH EMPLOYMENT EROSION EXCAVATORS FACE VALUE FARM ROADS FATALITIES FEEDER ROADS FISCAL YEAR FIXED COSTS FLOODING FOOTBRIDGES FOREST ROADS FRAMEWORK FREIGHT FUEL GRADIENTS HAULAGE HIGHWAY DESIGN HIGHWAYS HOUSING INCOME INTERNATIONAL ROUGHNESS INDEX INVENTORY LABOR COSTS LANDSLIDES LEGAL FRAMEWORK LEGISLATION LIFE CYCLE COSTS LOCAL CONTRACTORS LORRIES MIDDLE EAST MIGRATION MOTOR VEHICLE REGISTRATION MOTORIZED TRANSPORT NATIONAL ROADS NAVIGATION OPERATING RIGHTS PASSENGER PAVEMENT PAVEMENTS PAVERS PEDESTRIANS POLICE PORTS PRIVATIZATION PRODUCTIVITY PUBLIC EXPENDITURES PUBLIC TRANSPORT RECURRENT EXPENDITURES RECYCLING REORGANIZATION RESURFACING ROAD BRIDGES ROAD CONSTRUCTION ROAD DENSITY ROAD EXPENDITURES ROAD IMPROVEMENT ROAD IMPROVEMENTS ROAD MAINTENANCE ROAD ROUGHNESS ROAD SAFETY ROAD SURFACE ROAD SYSTEM ROAD TRANSPORT ROAD USER CHARGES ROADS ROUGHNESS ROUTES ROUTINE MAINTENANCE RURAL ACCESSIBILITY RURAL COMMUNITIES RURAL PEOPLE RURAL POPULATION RURAL TRANSPORT SAND SAVINGS SOCIAL SERVICES STONE STRUCTURES SUSPENSION BRIDGES SUSTAINABILITY TAXIS TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TERRAIN TIMBER TOLLS TOPOGRAPHY TRACTORS TRAFFIC TRAFFIC GROWTH TRAFFIC REGULATIONS TRAFFIC VOLUMES TRAILS TRANSPORT TRANSPORT AUTHORITY TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE TRANSPORT PROJECTS TRANSPORTATION TRAVEL TIME TRUCKS TRUNK ROADS URBAN DEVELOPMENT URBAN ROADS URBAN TRANSPORT URBANIZATION VEHICLE OPERATING COSTS VEHICLES WAGES WALKING TIME TRANSPORT SECTOR ACCESSIBLE SERVICES RURAL POVERTY DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS LAND LOCKED DEVELOPING COUNTRIES RURAL-URBAN MIGRATIONS URBAN EXPANSION EMPLOYMENT CREATION CONSUMPTION GROWTH SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT TRANSPORTATION ECONOMICS TRANSPORTATION COSTS ROAD TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS TRANSPORT SYSTEMS INTEGRATED REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT MARKET ACCESS TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TRANSPORT MANAGEMENT TRANSPORT PLANNING TRANSPORT POLICY AIR TRANSPORT AIR CARGO RATES PORT FACILITIES URBAN TRANSPORT ROAD USER CHARGES STRATEGIC PLANNING POLICY FRAMEWORK POLICY REFORM INSTITUTIONAL REFORM |
| spellingShingle |
TRANSPORT SECTOR ACCESSIBLE SERVICES RURAL POVERTY DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS LAND LOCKED DEVELOPING COUNTRIES RURAL-URBAN MIGRATIONS URBAN EXPANSION EMPLOYMENT CREATION CONSUMPTION GROWTH SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT TRANSPORTATION ECONOMICS TRANSPORTATION COSTS ROAD TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS TRANSPORT SYSTEMS INTEGRATED REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT MARKET ACCESS TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TRANSPORT MANAGEMENT TRANSPORT PLANNING TRANSPORT POLICY AIR TRANSPORT AIR CARGO RATES PORT FACILITIES URBAN TRANSPORT ROAD USER CHARGES STRATEGIC PLANNING POLICY FRAMEWORK POLICY REFORM INSTITUTIONAL REFORM ACCESS ROADS ACCESS TO MARKETS ACCIDENTS ACCOUNTING ADB AGRICULTURE APPRAISAL OF TRANSPORT ASPHALT ASSET MANAGEMENT ASSETS BITUMEN BOTTLENECKS BRIDGE BRIDGE WIDENING BUS SERVICES BUSES CARGO COMMERCIAL VEHICLES CONCRETE DEPRECIATION DISTRICT ROADS DRAINAGE DRIVER EDUCATION EARTHWORKS ECONOMIC GROWTH EMPLOYMENT EROSION EXCAVATORS FACE VALUE FARM ROADS FATALITIES FEEDER ROADS FISCAL YEAR FIXED COSTS FLOODING FOOTBRIDGES FOREST ROADS FRAMEWORK FREIGHT FUEL GRADIENTS HAULAGE HIGHWAY DESIGN HIGHWAYS HOUSING INCOME INTERNATIONAL ROUGHNESS INDEX INVENTORY LABOR COSTS LANDSLIDES LEGAL FRAMEWORK LEGISLATION LIFE CYCLE COSTS LOCAL CONTRACTORS LORRIES MIDDLE EAST MIGRATION MOTOR VEHICLE REGISTRATION MOTORIZED TRANSPORT NATIONAL ROADS NAVIGATION OPERATING RIGHTS PASSENGER PAVEMENT PAVEMENTS PAVERS PEDESTRIANS POLICE PORTS PRIVATIZATION PRODUCTIVITY PUBLIC EXPENDITURES PUBLIC TRANSPORT RECURRENT EXPENDITURES RECYCLING REORGANIZATION RESURFACING ROAD BRIDGES ROAD CONSTRUCTION ROAD DENSITY ROAD EXPENDITURES ROAD IMPROVEMENT ROAD IMPROVEMENTS ROAD MAINTENANCE ROAD ROUGHNESS ROAD SAFETY ROAD SURFACE ROAD SYSTEM ROAD TRANSPORT ROAD USER CHARGES ROADS ROUGHNESS ROUTES ROUTINE MAINTENANCE RURAL ACCESSIBILITY RURAL COMMUNITIES RURAL PEOPLE RURAL POPULATION RURAL TRANSPORT SAND SAVINGS SOCIAL SERVICES STONE STRUCTURES SUSPENSION BRIDGES SUSTAINABILITY TAXIS TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TERRAIN TIMBER TOLLS TOPOGRAPHY TRACTORS TRAFFIC TRAFFIC GROWTH TRAFFIC REGULATIONS TRAFFIC VOLUMES TRAILS TRANSPORT TRANSPORT AUTHORITY TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE TRANSPORT PROJECTS TRANSPORTATION TRAVEL TIME TRUCKS TRUNK ROADS URBAN DEVELOPMENT URBAN ROADS URBAN TRANSPORT URBANIZATION VEHICLE OPERATING COSTS VEHICLES WAGES WALKING TIME TRANSPORT SECTOR ACCESSIBLE SERVICES RURAL POVERTY DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS LAND LOCKED DEVELOPING COUNTRIES RURAL-URBAN MIGRATIONS URBAN EXPANSION EMPLOYMENT CREATION CONSUMPTION GROWTH SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT TRANSPORTATION ECONOMICS TRANSPORTATION COSTS ROAD TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS TRANSPORT SYSTEMS INTEGRATED REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT MARKET ACCESS TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TRANSPORT MANAGEMENT TRANSPORT PLANNING TRANSPORT POLICY AIR TRANSPORT AIR CARGO RATES PORT FACILITIES URBAN TRANSPORT ROAD USER CHARGES STRATEGIC PLANNING POLICY FRAMEWORK POLICY REFORM INSTITUTIONAL REFORM World Bank Bhutan : Transport Sector Note |
| geographic_facet |
South Asia Bhutan |
| description |
Landlocked Bhutan faces unique
challenges, and opportunities as it pursues the development
of its transport sector into the 21st century. Bhutan's
population growth rate is high, rural-urban migration is
accelerating, and, fueled by sustained economic growth, the
country is urbanizing rapidly, giving rise to an expanding
urban middle class, with rising expectations of well-paid
employment, accessible services, and consumption potential.
However, accessibility to a large measure depends on
availability of reliable, and affordable transportation.
Poor rural access is synonymous with rural isolation, and
poverty, while high external and domestic transport costs
constrain the country's economic and social
development. Transportation poses a considerable cost
disadvantage to business and commercial undertakings; road
transport is slow and regularly disrupted by landslides and
flooding; air transport is costly and erratic. Costly
transport is a major factor constraining the development of
tourism, horticultural exports, and agro-processing and
wood-based industries. Sector issues discussed in this
report emerge from a detailed assessment of the transport
system, and an analysis of public expenditures. It discusses
the strategy for improving rural accessibility, and the
central role of roads, and motorized transport for
integrating remote regions and communities into the national
economy; access to regional and global markets, to include
technical support for development, operation, and management
of transport logistics, establishment of a dry port in
Phuentsholing with reefer storage facilities, and,
internationally competitive Druk air cargo rates, especially
for exports of perishable, and high value agricultural
products; transport sector planning and coordination, which
includes specific policy, planning, and investment
recommendations for roads, air transport, urban transport,
and road transport services. It is recommended to consider
recasting the proposed Transport Master Plan as a National
Transport Strategy and Policy Review to identify and analyze
emerging challenges, and constraints in the transport
sector; recommend appropriate strategies, and policies to
address these concerns; and, prepare an implementation plan
for sector modernization, including policy and institutional reforms. |
| format |
Economic & Sector Work :: Other Infrastructure Study |
| author |
World Bank |
| author_facet |
World Bank |
| author_sort |
World Bank |
| title |
Bhutan : Transport Sector Note |
| title_short |
Bhutan : Transport Sector Note |
| title_full |
Bhutan : Transport Sector Note |
| title_fullStr |
Bhutan : Transport Sector Note |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Bhutan : Transport Sector Note |
| title_sort |
bhutan : transport sector note |
| publisher |
Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2013 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2004/08/5172911/bhutan-transport-sector-note http://hdl.handle.net/10986/15695 |
| _version_ |
1764428817899716608 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-156952021-04-23T14:03:18Z Bhutan : Transport Sector Note World Bank TRANSPORT SECTOR ACCESSIBLE SERVICES RURAL POVERTY DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS LAND LOCKED DEVELOPING COUNTRIES RURAL-URBAN MIGRATIONS URBAN EXPANSION EMPLOYMENT CREATION CONSUMPTION GROWTH SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT TRANSPORTATION ECONOMICS TRANSPORTATION COSTS ROAD TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS TRANSPORT SYSTEMS INTEGRATED REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT MARKET ACCESS TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TRANSPORT MANAGEMENT TRANSPORT PLANNING TRANSPORT POLICY AIR TRANSPORT AIR CARGO RATES PORT FACILITIES URBAN TRANSPORT ROAD USER CHARGES STRATEGIC PLANNING POLICY FRAMEWORK POLICY REFORM INSTITUTIONAL REFORM ACCESS ROADS ACCESS TO MARKETS ACCIDENTS ACCOUNTING ADB AGRICULTURE APPRAISAL OF TRANSPORT ASPHALT ASSET MANAGEMENT ASSETS BITUMEN BOTTLENECKS BRIDGE BRIDGE WIDENING BUS SERVICES BUSES CARGO COMMERCIAL VEHICLES CONCRETE DEPRECIATION DISTRICT ROADS DRAINAGE DRIVER EDUCATION EARTHWORKS ECONOMIC GROWTH EMPLOYMENT EROSION EXCAVATORS FACE VALUE FARM ROADS FATALITIES FEEDER ROADS FISCAL YEAR FIXED COSTS FLOODING FOOTBRIDGES FOREST ROADS FRAMEWORK FREIGHT FUEL GRADIENTS HAULAGE HIGHWAY DESIGN HIGHWAYS HOUSING INCOME INTERNATIONAL ROUGHNESS INDEX INVENTORY LABOR COSTS LANDSLIDES LEGAL FRAMEWORK LEGISLATION LIFE CYCLE COSTS LOCAL CONTRACTORS LORRIES MIDDLE EAST MIGRATION MOTOR VEHICLE REGISTRATION MOTORIZED TRANSPORT NATIONAL ROADS NAVIGATION OPERATING RIGHTS PASSENGER PAVEMENT PAVEMENTS PAVERS PEDESTRIANS POLICE PORTS PRIVATIZATION PRODUCTIVITY PUBLIC EXPENDITURES PUBLIC TRANSPORT RECURRENT EXPENDITURES RECYCLING REORGANIZATION RESURFACING ROAD BRIDGES ROAD CONSTRUCTION ROAD DENSITY ROAD EXPENDITURES ROAD IMPROVEMENT ROAD IMPROVEMENTS ROAD MAINTENANCE ROAD ROUGHNESS ROAD SAFETY ROAD SURFACE ROAD SYSTEM ROAD TRANSPORT ROAD USER CHARGES ROADS ROUGHNESS ROUTES ROUTINE MAINTENANCE RURAL ACCESSIBILITY RURAL COMMUNITIES RURAL PEOPLE RURAL POPULATION RURAL TRANSPORT SAND SAVINGS SOCIAL SERVICES STONE STRUCTURES SUSPENSION BRIDGES SUSTAINABILITY TAXIS TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TERRAIN TIMBER TOLLS TOPOGRAPHY TRACTORS TRAFFIC TRAFFIC GROWTH TRAFFIC REGULATIONS TRAFFIC VOLUMES TRAILS TRANSPORT TRANSPORT AUTHORITY TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE TRANSPORT PROJECTS TRANSPORTATION TRAVEL TIME TRUCKS TRUNK ROADS URBAN DEVELOPMENT URBAN ROADS URBAN TRANSPORT URBANIZATION VEHICLE OPERATING COSTS VEHICLES WAGES WALKING TIME TRANSPORT SECTOR ACCESSIBLE SERVICES RURAL POVERTY DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS LAND LOCKED DEVELOPING COUNTRIES RURAL-URBAN MIGRATIONS URBAN EXPANSION EMPLOYMENT CREATION CONSUMPTION GROWTH SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT TRANSPORTATION ECONOMICS TRANSPORTATION COSTS ROAD TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS TRANSPORT SYSTEMS INTEGRATED REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT MARKET ACCESS TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TRANSPORT MANAGEMENT TRANSPORT PLANNING TRANSPORT POLICY AIR TRANSPORT AIR CARGO RATES PORT FACILITIES URBAN TRANSPORT ROAD USER CHARGES STRATEGIC PLANNING POLICY FRAMEWORK POLICY REFORM INSTITUTIONAL REFORM Landlocked Bhutan faces unique challenges, and opportunities as it pursues the development of its transport sector into the 21st century. Bhutan's population growth rate is high, rural-urban migration is accelerating, and, fueled by sustained economic growth, the country is urbanizing rapidly, giving rise to an expanding urban middle class, with rising expectations of well-paid employment, accessible services, and consumption potential. However, accessibility to a large measure depends on availability of reliable, and affordable transportation. Poor rural access is synonymous with rural isolation, and poverty, while high external and domestic transport costs constrain the country's economic and social development. Transportation poses a considerable cost disadvantage to business and commercial undertakings; road transport is slow and regularly disrupted by landslides and flooding; air transport is costly and erratic. Costly transport is a major factor constraining the development of tourism, horticultural exports, and agro-processing and wood-based industries. Sector issues discussed in this report emerge from a detailed assessment of the transport system, and an analysis of public expenditures. It discusses the strategy for improving rural accessibility, and the central role of roads, and motorized transport for integrating remote regions and communities into the national economy; access to regional and global markets, to include technical support for development, operation, and management of transport logistics, establishment of a dry port in Phuentsholing with reefer storage facilities, and, internationally competitive Druk air cargo rates, especially for exports of perishable, and high value agricultural products; transport sector planning and coordination, which includes specific policy, planning, and investment recommendations for roads, air transport, urban transport, and road transport services. It is recommended to consider recasting the proposed Transport Master Plan as a National Transport Strategy and Policy Review to identify and analyze emerging challenges, and constraints in the transport sector; recommend appropriate strategies, and policies to address these concerns; and, prepare an implementation plan for sector modernization, including policy and institutional reforms. 2013-09-05T22:01:19Z 2013-09-05T22:01:19Z 2004-08-16 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2004/08/5172911/bhutan-transport-sector-note http://hdl.handle.net/10986/15695 English en_US CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank Washington, DC Economic & Sector Work :: Other Infrastructure Study Economic & Sector Work South Asia Bhutan |