Improving Air Quality in Metropolitan Mexico City : An Economic Valuation
Mexico City has for years experienced high levels of ozone and particulate air pollution. In 1995-99 the entire population of the Mexico City metropolitan area was exposed to annual average concentrations of fine particulate pollution (particulates...
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English en_US |
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2013
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2002/02/1703259/improving-air-quality-metropolitan-mexico-city-economic-valuation http://hdl.handle.net/10986/15696 |
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okr-10986-15696 |
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oai_dc |
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Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
ABATEMENT COSTS AIR AIR POLLUTANTS AIR POLLUTION AIR POLLUTION CONTROL AIR POLLUTION CONTROL STRATEGIES AIR POLLUTION IMPACTS AIR POLLUTION REDUCTION AIR QUALITY AIR QUALITY DATA AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT AIR QUALITY MEASUREMENT AIR QUALITY MODELS AIR QUALITY POLICIES AIR QUALITY POLICY AIR QUALITY PROBLEMS AIR QUALITY STANDARDS AIRSHED AMBIENT AIR AMBIENT AIR POLLUTION AMBIENT AIR QUALITY AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS AMBIENT CONCENTRATION AMMONIA ATMOSPHERE ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION BACKGROUND POLLUTION CARBON CARBON MONOXIDE CATALYSTS CATALYTIC CONVERTER CHRONIC MORBIDITY CLIMATE CO CONCENTRATIONS DIESEL DUST EMISSION ABATEMENT EMISSION INVENTORY EMISSION PROJECTIONS EMISSIONS ENGINE ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EPIDEMIOLOGY EXPOSURE TO OZONE FUEL FUEL INJECTION GASOLINE GASOLINE CARS GASOLINE DISTRIBUTION GASOLINE VEHICLES HUMAN HEALTH HYDROCARBONS METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS METEOROLOGY MORBIDITY MORTALITY MOTIVATION NITROGEN NITROGEN OXIDES NO2 NOX ORGANIC COMPOUNDS OZONE OZONE CONCENTRATION OZONE FORMATION OZONE POLLUTION PARTICLES PARTICULATE MATTER PARTICULATES PM10 POLLUTANT CONCENTRATIONS POLLUTANT EMISSIONS PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC TRANSPORT RESTRICTIONS SCHOOLS SO2 SULFUR SULFUR DIOXIDE TRAFFIC URBAN AREAS VEHICLE VEHICLE EMISSIONS VEHICLES VOC AIR QUALITY AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT ECONOMIC VALUATION OZONE DEPLETING SUBSTANCES PARTICULATE POLLUTION PM10 HEALTH IMPACTS MORBIDITY MORTALITY WILLINGNESS TO PAY AIR POLLUTION CONTROL COSTS AIR POLLUTION CONTROL STANDARDS AIR POLLUTION ABATEMENT COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS URBAN POLLUTION INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION |
| spellingShingle |
ABATEMENT COSTS AIR AIR POLLUTANTS AIR POLLUTION AIR POLLUTION CONTROL AIR POLLUTION CONTROL STRATEGIES AIR POLLUTION IMPACTS AIR POLLUTION REDUCTION AIR QUALITY AIR QUALITY DATA AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT AIR QUALITY MEASUREMENT AIR QUALITY MODELS AIR QUALITY POLICIES AIR QUALITY POLICY AIR QUALITY PROBLEMS AIR QUALITY STANDARDS AIRSHED AMBIENT AIR AMBIENT AIR POLLUTION AMBIENT AIR QUALITY AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS AMBIENT CONCENTRATION AMMONIA ATMOSPHERE ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION BACKGROUND POLLUTION CARBON CARBON MONOXIDE CATALYSTS CATALYTIC CONVERTER CHRONIC MORBIDITY CLIMATE CO CONCENTRATIONS DIESEL DUST EMISSION ABATEMENT EMISSION INVENTORY EMISSION PROJECTIONS EMISSIONS ENGINE ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EPIDEMIOLOGY EXPOSURE TO OZONE FUEL FUEL INJECTION GASOLINE GASOLINE CARS GASOLINE DISTRIBUTION GASOLINE VEHICLES HUMAN HEALTH HYDROCARBONS METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS METEOROLOGY MORBIDITY MORTALITY MOTIVATION NITROGEN NITROGEN OXIDES NO2 NOX ORGANIC COMPOUNDS OZONE OZONE CONCENTRATION OZONE FORMATION OZONE POLLUTION PARTICLES PARTICULATE MATTER PARTICULATES PM10 POLLUTANT CONCENTRATIONS POLLUTANT EMISSIONS PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC TRANSPORT RESTRICTIONS SCHOOLS SO2 SULFUR SULFUR DIOXIDE TRAFFIC URBAN AREAS VEHICLE VEHICLE EMISSIONS VEHICLES VOC AIR QUALITY AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT ECONOMIC VALUATION OZONE DEPLETING SUBSTANCES PARTICULATE POLLUTION PM10 HEALTH IMPACTS MORBIDITY MORTALITY WILLINGNESS TO PAY AIR POLLUTION CONTROL COSTS AIR POLLUTION CONTROL STANDARDS AIR POLLUTION ABATEMENT COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS URBAN POLLUTION INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION The Mexico Air Quality Management Team Improving Air Quality in Metropolitan Mexico City : An Economic Valuation |
| geographic_facet |
Latin America & Caribbean Mexico |
| relation |
Policy Research Working Paper;No. 2785 |
| description |
Mexico City has for years experienced
high levels of ozone and particulate air pollution. In
1995-99 the entire population of the Mexico City
metropolitan area was exposed to annual average
concentrations of fine particulate pollution (particulates
with a diameter of less than 10 micrometers, or PM10)
exceeding 50 micrograms per cubic meter, the annual average
standard in both Mexico and the United States. Two million
people were exposed to annual average PM10 levels of more
than 75 micrograms per cubic meter. The daily maximum
one-hour ozone standard was exceeded at least 300 days a
year. The Mexico Air Quality Management Team documents
population-weighted exposures to ozone and PM10 between 1995
and 1999, project exposures in 2010, and computes the value
of four scenarios for 2010: A 10 percent reduction in PM10
and ozone. A 20 percent reduction in PM10 and ozone.
Achievement of ambient air quality standards across the
metropolitan area. A 68 percent reduction in ozone and a 47
percent reduction in PM10 across the metropolitan area. The
authors calculate the health benefits of reducing ozone and
PM10 for each scenario using dose-response functions from
the peer-reviewed literature. They value cases of morbidity
and premature mortality avoided using three approaches: Cost
of illness and forgone earnings only (low estimate). Cost of
illness, forgone earnings, and willingness to pay for
avoided morbidity (central case estimate). Cost of illness,
forgone earnings, willingness to pay for avoided morbidity,
and willingness to pay for avoided mortality (high
estimate). The results suggest that the benefits of a 10
percent reduction in ozone and PM10 in 2010 are about $760
million (in 1999 U.S. dollars) annually in the central case.
The benefits of a 20 percent reduction in ozone and PM10 are
about $1.49 billion annually. In each case the benefits of
reducing ozone amount to about 15 percent of the total
benefits. By estimating the magnitude of the benefits from
air pollution control, the authors provide motivation for
examining specific policies that could achieve the air
pollution reductions that they value. They also provide unit
values for the benefits from reductions in ambient air
pollution (for example, per microgram of PM10) that could be
used as inputs into a full cost-benefit analysis of air
pollution control strategies. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
The Mexico Air Quality Management Team |
| author_facet |
The Mexico Air Quality Management Team |
| author_sort |
The Mexico Air Quality Management Team |
| title |
Improving Air Quality in Metropolitan Mexico City : An Economic Valuation |
| title_short |
Improving Air Quality in Metropolitan Mexico City : An Economic Valuation |
| title_full |
Improving Air Quality in Metropolitan Mexico City : An Economic Valuation |
| title_fullStr |
Improving Air Quality in Metropolitan Mexico City : An Economic Valuation |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Improving Air Quality in Metropolitan Mexico City : An Economic Valuation |
| title_sort |
improving air quality in metropolitan mexico city : an economic valuation |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2013 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2002/02/1703259/improving-air-quality-metropolitan-mexico-city-economic-valuation http://hdl.handle.net/10986/15696 |
| _version_ |
1764429737204121600 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-156962021-04-23T14:03:19Z Improving Air Quality in Metropolitan Mexico City : An Economic Valuation The Mexico Air Quality Management Team ABATEMENT COSTS AIR AIR POLLUTANTS AIR POLLUTION AIR POLLUTION CONTROL AIR POLLUTION CONTROL STRATEGIES AIR POLLUTION IMPACTS AIR POLLUTION REDUCTION AIR QUALITY AIR QUALITY DATA AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT AIR QUALITY MEASUREMENT AIR QUALITY MODELS AIR QUALITY POLICIES AIR QUALITY POLICY AIR QUALITY PROBLEMS AIR QUALITY STANDARDS AIRSHED AMBIENT AIR AMBIENT AIR POLLUTION AMBIENT AIR QUALITY AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS AMBIENT CONCENTRATION AMMONIA ATMOSPHERE ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION BACKGROUND POLLUTION CARBON CARBON MONOXIDE CATALYSTS CATALYTIC CONVERTER CHRONIC MORBIDITY CLIMATE CO CONCENTRATIONS DIESEL DUST EMISSION ABATEMENT EMISSION INVENTORY EMISSION PROJECTIONS EMISSIONS ENGINE ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EPIDEMIOLOGY EXPOSURE TO OZONE FUEL FUEL INJECTION GASOLINE GASOLINE CARS GASOLINE DISTRIBUTION GASOLINE VEHICLES HUMAN HEALTH HYDROCARBONS METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS METEOROLOGY MORBIDITY MORTALITY MOTIVATION NITROGEN NITROGEN OXIDES NO2 NOX ORGANIC COMPOUNDS OZONE OZONE CONCENTRATION OZONE FORMATION OZONE POLLUTION PARTICLES PARTICULATE MATTER PARTICULATES PM10 POLLUTANT CONCENTRATIONS POLLUTANT EMISSIONS PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC TRANSPORT RESTRICTIONS SCHOOLS SO2 SULFUR SULFUR DIOXIDE TRAFFIC URBAN AREAS VEHICLE VEHICLE EMISSIONS VEHICLES VOC AIR QUALITY AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT ECONOMIC VALUATION OZONE DEPLETING SUBSTANCES PARTICULATE POLLUTION PM10 HEALTH IMPACTS MORBIDITY MORTALITY WILLINGNESS TO PAY AIR POLLUTION CONTROL COSTS AIR POLLUTION CONTROL STANDARDS AIR POLLUTION ABATEMENT COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS URBAN POLLUTION INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION Mexico City has for years experienced high levels of ozone and particulate air pollution. In 1995-99 the entire population of the Mexico City metropolitan area was exposed to annual average concentrations of fine particulate pollution (particulates with a diameter of less than 10 micrometers, or PM10) exceeding 50 micrograms per cubic meter, the annual average standard in both Mexico and the United States. Two million people were exposed to annual average PM10 levels of more than 75 micrograms per cubic meter. The daily maximum one-hour ozone standard was exceeded at least 300 days a year. The Mexico Air Quality Management Team documents population-weighted exposures to ozone and PM10 between 1995 and 1999, project exposures in 2010, and computes the value of four scenarios for 2010: A 10 percent reduction in PM10 and ozone. A 20 percent reduction in PM10 and ozone. Achievement of ambient air quality standards across the metropolitan area. A 68 percent reduction in ozone and a 47 percent reduction in PM10 across the metropolitan area. The authors calculate the health benefits of reducing ozone and PM10 for each scenario using dose-response functions from the peer-reviewed literature. They value cases of morbidity and premature mortality avoided using three approaches: Cost of illness and forgone earnings only (low estimate). Cost of illness, forgone earnings, and willingness to pay for avoided morbidity (central case estimate). Cost of illness, forgone earnings, willingness to pay for avoided morbidity, and willingness to pay for avoided mortality (high estimate). The results suggest that the benefits of a 10 percent reduction in ozone and PM10 in 2010 are about $760 million (in 1999 U.S. dollars) annually in the central case. The benefits of a 20 percent reduction in ozone and PM10 are about $1.49 billion annually. In each case the benefits of reducing ozone amount to about 15 percent of the total benefits. By estimating the magnitude of the benefits from air pollution control, the authors provide motivation for examining specific policies that could achieve the air pollution reductions that they value. They also provide unit values for the benefits from reductions in ambient air pollution (for example, per microgram of PM10) that could be used as inputs into a full cost-benefit analysis of air pollution control strategies. 2013-09-05T22:09:32Z 2013-09-05T22:09:32Z 2002-02 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2002/02/1703259/improving-air-quality-metropolitan-mexico-city-economic-valuation http://hdl.handle.net/10986/15696 English en_US Policy Research Working Paper;No. 2785 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research Latin America & Caribbean Mexico |