Immunization in Developing Countries : Its Political and Organizational Determinants
The authors use cross-national social, political, economic, and institutional data to explain why some countries have stronger immunization programs than others, as measured by diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) and measles vaccine coverage rates a...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English en_US |
| Published: |
World Bank, Washington, DC
2013
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2002/01/1687162/immunization-developing-countries-political-organizational-determinants http://hdl.handle.net/10986/15754 |
| Summary: | The authors use cross-national social,
political, economic, and institutional data to explain why
some countries have stronger immunization programs than
others, as measured by diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP)
and measles vaccine coverage rates and the adoption of the
hepatitis B vaccine. After reveiwing the existing literature
on demand- and supply-side side factors that affect
immunization programs, the authors find that the elements
that most affect immunization programs in low- and
middle-income countries involve broad changes in the global
policy environment and contact with international agencies.
Democracies tend to have lower coverage rates than
autocracies, perhaps because bureaucratic elites have an
affinity for immunization programs and are granted more
autonomy in autocracies, althought this effect is not
visible in low-income countries. The authors also find that
the quality of a nation's institutions and its level of
development are strongly related to immunization rate
coverage and vaccine adoption, and that coverage rates are
in general more a function of supply-side than demand
effects. there is no evidence that epidemics or polio
eradication campaigns affect immunization rates one way or
another, or that average immunization rates increase
following outbreaks of diphtheria, pertussis, or measles. |
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