Tajikistan's Winter Energy Crisis : Electricity Supply and Demand Alternatives
Tajikistan's electricity system is in a state of crisis. Approximately 70 percent of the Tajik people suffer from extensive shortages of electricity during the winter. These shortages, estimated at about 2,700 GWh, about a quarter of winter el...
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| Format: | Publication |
| Language: | English en_US |
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Washington, DC: World Bank
2013
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/01/18042383/tajikistans-winter-energy-crisis-electricity-supply-demand-alternatives http://hdl.handle.net/10986/15795 |
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okr-10986-15795 |
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oai_dc |
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Digital Repository |
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Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
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World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
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World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
AIR AIR LEAKAGE AIR LEAKS AIR POLLUTION AIR QUALITY ALLOWANCE ALTERNATIVE INVESTMENTS ALUMINUM ALUMINUM INDUSTRY ANNUAL GROWTH RATE APPLIANCE STANDARDS APPROACH AVAILABILITY AVERAGE HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION BALANCE BOILER BOILER HOUSE BOILER HOUSES BOILERS CALCULATION CAPS CARBON CARBON MONOXIDE CATASTROPHIC FAILURE CLIMATE COAL COAL GAS COAL PRODUCTION COLORS COMPACT FLUORESCENT LAMPS CONSERVATION COST OF ELECTRICITY COST OF ENERGY COST OF ENERGY SUPPLY COSTS OF ELECTRICITY DEMAND FOR ELECTRICITY DEMAND FOR ENERGY DEMAND FOR ENERGY SERVICES DEMAND FORECAST DEMAND MANAGEMENT DEMAND REDUCTION DEMAND-SIDE MANAGEMENT DIESEL DIESEL POWER DISSOLUTION DISTRIBUTION NETWORK DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICITY DISTRICT HEATING DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEMS DOMESTIC SOURCES DOMESTIC SUPPLY ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC COSTS ECONOMIC GROWTH ELECTRIC HEATERS ELECTRIC WATER HEATING ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION ELECTRICITY COSTS ELECTRICITY DEMAND ELECTRICITY DEMAND GROWTH ELECTRICITY GENERATION ELECTRICITY PRICE ELECTRICITY PRICES ELECTRICITY SAVINGS ELECTRICITY SUPPLY ELECTRICITY SYSTEM ELECTRICITY TARIFF ELECTRICITY TARIFFS ELECTRICITY USAGE ELECTROLYSIS EMISSIONS END-USE END-USE CONSUMPTION END-USERS ENERGY AUDITS ENERGY BILLS ENERGY CONSUMPTION ENERGY COSTS ENERGY DEFICIT ENERGY DEMAND ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENERGY EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS ENERGY EFFICIENCY INVESTMENTS ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES ENERGY EFFICIENCY STANDARDS ENERGY INTENSITY ENERGY LOSS ENERGY LOSSES ENERGY MARKET ENERGY NEEDS ENERGY PRICES ENERGY RESOURCES ENERGY SAVINGS ENERGY SECURITY ENERGY SHORTAGES ENERGY SOURCES ENERGY SYSTEM ENERGY USE EXTREME TEMPERATURES FEASIBILITY FINANCIAL ANALYSIS FINANCIAL CONDITION FINANCIAL COSTS FINANCIAL NEEDS FINANCIAL REASONS FINANCIAL SUPPORT FLUORESCENT LAMP FOREIGN EXCHANGE FOSSIL FOSSIL FUELS FUEL FUEL OIL FUEL SUPPLY FUEL SWITCHING FUELS GAS GAS BOILERS GAS TURBINE GASIFICATION GENERATION CAPACITY GENERATION UNITS GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GROWTH IN DEMAND GROWTH IN ELECTRICITY DEMAND HARD COAL HEALTH RISK HEAT HEAT DEMAND HEAT GENERATION HEAT SUPPLY HEAT TRANSMISSION HEATING SYSTEM HEAVY OIL HOUSEHOLD ENERGY HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURES HYDROPOWER HYDROPOWER PLANT IMPORTS INCOME INVESTMENTS IN ENERGY INVESTMENTS IN ENERGY EFFICIENCY IRRADIATION JOBS KILOWATT HOUR LIVING STANDARDS LOAD SHEDDING NATURAL GAS NATURAL GAS SUPPLY NEGATIVE IMPACT OIL OIL EQUIVALENT PEAK DEMAND PEAK LOAD PEAK POWER PETROLEUM PORTFOLIO POWER POWER CAPACITY POWER CONSUMPTION POWER DEMAND POWER FLOWS POWER GENERATION POWER PLANT CONSTRUCTION POWER PRICES POWER SECTOR POWER SHORTAGES POWER SUPPLY POWER SYSTEM POWER TRADE PRESENT VALUE PRICE ELASTICITY PRICE ELASTICITY OF DEMAND PRICE INCREASE PRICE SIGNAL PROVISION OF HEAT QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS QUANTITY OF ELECTRICITY REGULATORY FRAMEWORK RELIABILITY OF SUPPLY RENEWABLE ENERGY RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES RESIDENTIAL BUILDING RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS RESIDENTIAL CONSUMERS SCENARIOS SMALL HYDROPOWER SOLAR POWER SOLAR THERMAL SOLAR WATER HEATERS SOLID FUELS SPACE HEATING SUBSTITUTION SUPPLY COSTS SUPPLY OF ELECTRICITY THERMAL PLANT THERMAL PLANT CAPACITY THERMAL PLANTS THERMAL POWER THERMAL POWER PLANT THERMAL POWER PLANTS TOTAL COST TOTAL DEMAND TRANSMISSION CONSTRAINTS TRANSMISSION LINE TRANSMISSION LINES TRANSMISSION SYSTEM TURBINES UTILITY COMPANY VOLTAGE WASTE |
| spellingShingle |
AIR AIR LEAKAGE AIR LEAKS AIR POLLUTION AIR QUALITY ALLOWANCE ALTERNATIVE INVESTMENTS ALUMINUM ALUMINUM INDUSTRY ANNUAL GROWTH RATE APPLIANCE STANDARDS APPROACH AVAILABILITY AVERAGE HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION BALANCE BOILER BOILER HOUSE BOILER HOUSES BOILERS CALCULATION CAPS CARBON CARBON MONOXIDE CATASTROPHIC FAILURE CLIMATE COAL COAL GAS COAL PRODUCTION COLORS COMPACT FLUORESCENT LAMPS CONSERVATION COST OF ELECTRICITY COST OF ENERGY COST OF ENERGY SUPPLY COSTS OF ELECTRICITY DEMAND FOR ELECTRICITY DEMAND FOR ENERGY DEMAND FOR ENERGY SERVICES DEMAND FORECAST DEMAND MANAGEMENT DEMAND REDUCTION DEMAND-SIDE MANAGEMENT DIESEL DIESEL POWER DISSOLUTION DISTRIBUTION NETWORK DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICITY DISTRICT HEATING DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEMS DOMESTIC SOURCES DOMESTIC SUPPLY ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC COSTS ECONOMIC GROWTH ELECTRIC HEATERS ELECTRIC WATER HEATING ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION ELECTRICITY COSTS ELECTRICITY DEMAND ELECTRICITY DEMAND GROWTH ELECTRICITY GENERATION ELECTRICITY PRICE ELECTRICITY PRICES ELECTRICITY SAVINGS ELECTRICITY SUPPLY ELECTRICITY SYSTEM ELECTRICITY TARIFF ELECTRICITY TARIFFS ELECTRICITY USAGE ELECTROLYSIS EMISSIONS END-USE END-USE CONSUMPTION END-USERS ENERGY AUDITS ENERGY BILLS ENERGY CONSUMPTION ENERGY COSTS ENERGY DEFICIT ENERGY DEMAND ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENERGY EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS ENERGY EFFICIENCY INVESTMENTS ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES ENERGY EFFICIENCY STANDARDS ENERGY INTENSITY ENERGY LOSS ENERGY LOSSES ENERGY MARKET ENERGY NEEDS ENERGY PRICES ENERGY RESOURCES ENERGY SAVINGS ENERGY SECURITY ENERGY SHORTAGES ENERGY SOURCES ENERGY SYSTEM ENERGY USE EXTREME TEMPERATURES FEASIBILITY FINANCIAL ANALYSIS FINANCIAL CONDITION FINANCIAL COSTS FINANCIAL NEEDS FINANCIAL REASONS FINANCIAL SUPPORT FLUORESCENT LAMP FOREIGN EXCHANGE FOSSIL FOSSIL FUELS FUEL FUEL OIL FUEL SUPPLY FUEL SWITCHING FUELS GAS GAS BOILERS GAS TURBINE GASIFICATION GENERATION CAPACITY GENERATION UNITS GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GROWTH IN DEMAND GROWTH IN ELECTRICITY DEMAND HARD COAL HEALTH RISK HEAT HEAT DEMAND HEAT GENERATION HEAT SUPPLY HEAT TRANSMISSION HEATING SYSTEM HEAVY OIL HOUSEHOLD ENERGY HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURES HYDROPOWER HYDROPOWER PLANT IMPORTS INCOME INVESTMENTS IN ENERGY INVESTMENTS IN ENERGY EFFICIENCY IRRADIATION JOBS KILOWATT HOUR LIVING STANDARDS LOAD SHEDDING NATURAL GAS NATURAL GAS SUPPLY NEGATIVE IMPACT OIL OIL EQUIVALENT PEAK DEMAND PEAK LOAD PEAK POWER PETROLEUM PORTFOLIO POWER POWER CAPACITY POWER CONSUMPTION POWER DEMAND POWER FLOWS POWER GENERATION POWER PLANT CONSTRUCTION POWER PRICES POWER SECTOR POWER SHORTAGES POWER SUPPLY POWER SYSTEM POWER TRADE PRESENT VALUE PRICE ELASTICITY PRICE ELASTICITY OF DEMAND PRICE INCREASE PRICE SIGNAL PROVISION OF HEAT QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS QUANTITY OF ELECTRICITY REGULATORY FRAMEWORK RELIABILITY OF SUPPLY RENEWABLE ENERGY RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES RESIDENTIAL BUILDING RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS RESIDENTIAL CONSUMERS SCENARIOS SMALL HYDROPOWER SOLAR POWER SOLAR THERMAL SOLAR WATER HEATERS SOLID FUELS SPACE HEATING SUBSTITUTION SUPPLY COSTS SUPPLY OF ELECTRICITY THERMAL PLANT THERMAL PLANT CAPACITY THERMAL PLANTS THERMAL POWER THERMAL POWER PLANT THERMAL POWER PLANTS TOTAL COST TOTAL DEMAND TRANSMISSION CONSTRAINTS TRANSMISSION LINE TRANSMISSION LINES TRANSMISSION SYSTEM TURBINES UTILITY COMPANY VOLTAGE WASTE Fields, Daryl Kochnakyan, Artur Mukhamedova, Takhmina Stuggins, Gary Besant-Jones, John Tajikistan's Winter Energy Crisis : Electricity Supply and Demand Alternatives |
| geographic_facet |
Europe and Central Asia Tajikistan |
| relation |
World Bank Study; |
| description |
Tajikistan's electricity system is
in a state of crisis. Approximately 70 percent of the Tajik
people suffer from extensive shortages of electricity during
the winter. These shortages, estimated at about 2,700 GWh,
about a quarter of winter electricity demand, impose
economic losses estimated at over United States (US) 200
million dollars per annum or 3 percent of Gross Domestic
Product (GDP). The electricity shortages have not been
addressed because investments have not been made in new
electricity supply capacity and maintenance of existing
assets has not improved. The financial incentive for
electricity consumers to reduce their consumption is
inadequate as electricity prices are among the lowest in the
world. Without prompt action to remedy the causes of
Tajikistan's electricity crisis and with growing
demand, the shortages could increase to about 4,500 GWh by
2016 (over a third of winter electricity demand) or worse.
The World Bank undertook this study to assist the Government
of Tajikistan (GoT) in finding ways to overcome the current
electricity shortages and establish a sound basis for
meeting the growing electricity demand in Tajikistan. The
study focuses on the investments and policy reforms needed
between now and 2020 to strengthen the financial, technical
and institutional capacity of the Tajik power sector and
prepare the GoT for undertaking a major expansion of power
supply capacity. The study excludes large hydropower plants
with storage, given their complexity and global experience
that such projects are subject to delays. The winter
electricity shortages are caused by a combination of low
hydropower output during winter when river flows are low and
high demand driven by heating needs. The GoT should focus
its immediate attention on three ways to eliminate the
current winter power shortages: 1) ambitious energy
efficiency plans to reduce uneconomic power usage; 2) new
dual-fired thermal power supply to complement the existing
hydropower supply during winter; and 3) increased energy
imports to leverage surplus electricity supply in
neighboring countries. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Publication |
| author |
Fields, Daryl Kochnakyan, Artur Mukhamedova, Takhmina Stuggins, Gary Besant-Jones, John |
| author_facet |
Fields, Daryl Kochnakyan, Artur Mukhamedova, Takhmina Stuggins, Gary Besant-Jones, John |
| author_sort |
Fields, Daryl |
| title |
Tajikistan's Winter Energy Crisis : Electricity Supply and Demand Alternatives |
| title_short |
Tajikistan's Winter Energy Crisis : Electricity Supply and Demand Alternatives |
| title_full |
Tajikistan's Winter Energy Crisis : Electricity Supply and Demand Alternatives |
| title_fullStr |
Tajikistan's Winter Energy Crisis : Electricity Supply and Demand Alternatives |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Tajikistan's Winter Energy Crisis : Electricity Supply and Demand Alternatives |
| title_sort |
tajikistan's winter energy crisis : electricity supply and demand alternatives |
| publisher |
Washington, DC: World Bank |
| publishDate |
2013 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/01/18042383/tajikistans-winter-energy-crisis-electricity-supply-demand-alternatives http://hdl.handle.net/10986/15795 |
| _version_ |
1764431201869758464 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-157952021-04-23T14:03:22Z Tajikistan's Winter Energy Crisis : Electricity Supply and Demand Alternatives Fields, Daryl Kochnakyan, Artur Mukhamedova, Takhmina Stuggins, Gary Besant-Jones, John AIR AIR LEAKAGE AIR LEAKS AIR POLLUTION AIR QUALITY ALLOWANCE ALTERNATIVE INVESTMENTS ALUMINUM ALUMINUM INDUSTRY ANNUAL GROWTH RATE APPLIANCE STANDARDS APPROACH AVAILABILITY AVERAGE HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION BALANCE BOILER BOILER HOUSE BOILER HOUSES BOILERS CALCULATION CAPS CARBON CARBON MONOXIDE CATASTROPHIC FAILURE CLIMATE COAL COAL GAS COAL PRODUCTION COLORS COMPACT FLUORESCENT LAMPS CONSERVATION COST OF ELECTRICITY COST OF ENERGY COST OF ENERGY SUPPLY COSTS OF ELECTRICITY DEMAND FOR ELECTRICITY DEMAND FOR ENERGY DEMAND FOR ENERGY SERVICES DEMAND FORECAST DEMAND MANAGEMENT DEMAND REDUCTION DEMAND-SIDE MANAGEMENT DIESEL DIESEL POWER DISSOLUTION DISTRIBUTION NETWORK DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICITY DISTRICT HEATING DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEMS DOMESTIC SOURCES DOMESTIC SUPPLY ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC COSTS ECONOMIC GROWTH ELECTRIC HEATERS ELECTRIC WATER HEATING ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION ELECTRICITY COSTS ELECTRICITY DEMAND ELECTRICITY DEMAND GROWTH ELECTRICITY GENERATION ELECTRICITY PRICE ELECTRICITY PRICES ELECTRICITY SAVINGS ELECTRICITY SUPPLY ELECTRICITY SYSTEM ELECTRICITY TARIFF ELECTRICITY TARIFFS ELECTRICITY USAGE ELECTROLYSIS EMISSIONS END-USE END-USE CONSUMPTION END-USERS ENERGY AUDITS ENERGY BILLS ENERGY CONSUMPTION ENERGY COSTS ENERGY DEFICIT ENERGY DEMAND ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENERGY EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS ENERGY EFFICIENCY INVESTMENTS ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES ENERGY EFFICIENCY STANDARDS ENERGY INTENSITY ENERGY LOSS ENERGY LOSSES ENERGY MARKET ENERGY NEEDS ENERGY PRICES ENERGY RESOURCES ENERGY SAVINGS ENERGY SECURITY ENERGY SHORTAGES ENERGY SOURCES ENERGY SYSTEM ENERGY USE EXTREME TEMPERATURES FEASIBILITY FINANCIAL ANALYSIS FINANCIAL CONDITION FINANCIAL COSTS FINANCIAL NEEDS FINANCIAL REASONS FINANCIAL SUPPORT FLUORESCENT LAMP FOREIGN EXCHANGE FOSSIL FOSSIL FUELS FUEL FUEL OIL FUEL SUPPLY FUEL SWITCHING FUELS GAS GAS BOILERS GAS TURBINE GASIFICATION GENERATION CAPACITY GENERATION UNITS GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GROWTH IN DEMAND GROWTH IN ELECTRICITY DEMAND HARD COAL HEALTH RISK HEAT HEAT DEMAND HEAT GENERATION HEAT SUPPLY HEAT TRANSMISSION HEATING SYSTEM HEAVY OIL HOUSEHOLD ENERGY HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURES HYDROPOWER HYDROPOWER PLANT IMPORTS INCOME INVESTMENTS IN ENERGY INVESTMENTS IN ENERGY EFFICIENCY IRRADIATION JOBS KILOWATT HOUR LIVING STANDARDS LOAD SHEDDING NATURAL GAS NATURAL GAS SUPPLY NEGATIVE IMPACT OIL OIL EQUIVALENT PEAK DEMAND PEAK LOAD PEAK POWER PETROLEUM PORTFOLIO POWER POWER CAPACITY POWER CONSUMPTION POWER DEMAND POWER FLOWS POWER GENERATION POWER PLANT CONSTRUCTION POWER PRICES POWER SECTOR POWER SHORTAGES POWER SUPPLY POWER SYSTEM POWER TRADE PRESENT VALUE PRICE ELASTICITY PRICE ELASTICITY OF DEMAND PRICE INCREASE PRICE SIGNAL PROVISION OF HEAT QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS QUANTITY OF ELECTRICITY REGULATORY FRAMEWORK RELIABILITY OF SUPPLY RENEWABLE ENERGY RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES RESIDENTIAL BUILDING RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS RESIDENTIAL CONSUMERS SCENARIOS SMALL HYDROPOWER SOLAR POWER SOLAR THERMAL SOLAR WATER HEATERS SOLID FUELS SPACE HEATING SUBSTITUTION SUPPLY COSTS SUPPLY OF ELECTRICITY THERMAL PLANT THERMAL PLANT CAPACITY THERMAL PLANTS THERMAL POWER THERMAL POWER PLANT THERMAL POWER PLANTS TOTAL COST TOTAL DEMAND TRANSMISSION CONSTRAINTS TRANSMISSION LINE TRANSMISSION LINES TRANSMISSION SYSTEM TURBINES UTILITY COMPANY VOLTAGE WASTE Tajikistan's electricity system is in a state of crisis. Approximately 70 percent of the Tajik people suffer from extensive shortages of electricity during the winter. These shortages, estimated at about 2,700 GWh, about a quarter of winter electricity demand, impose economic losses estimated at over United States (US) 200 million dollars per annum or 3 percent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The electricity shortages have not been addressed because investments have not been made in new electricity supply capacity and maintenance of existing assets has not improved. The financial incentive for electricity consumers to reduce their consumption is inadequate as electricity prices are among the lowest in the world. Without prompt action to remedy the causes of Tajikistan's electricity crisis and with growing demand, the shortages could increase to about 4,500 GWh by 2016 (over a third of winter electricity demand) or worse. The World Bank undertook this study to assist the Government of Tajikistan (GoT) in finding ways to overcome the current electricity shortages and establish a sound basis for meeting the growing electricity demand in Tajikistan. The study focuses on the investments and policy reforms needed between now and 2020 to strengthen the financial, technical and institutional capacity of the Tajik power sector and prepare the GoT for undertaking a major expansion of power supply capacity. The study excludes large hydropower plants with storage, given their complexity and global experience that such projects are subject to delays. The winter electricity shortages are caused by a combination of low hydropower output during winter when river flows are low and high demand driven by heating needs. The GoT should focus its immediate attention on three ways to eliminate the current winter power shortages: 1) ambitious energy efficiency plans to reduce uneconomic power usage; 2) new dual-fired thermal power supply to complement the existing hydropower supply during winter; and 3) increased energy imports to leverage surplus electricity supply in neighboring countries. 2013-09-24T21:07:48Z 2013-09-24T21:07:48Z 2013 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/01/18042383/tajikistans-winter-energy-crisis-electricity-supply-demand-alternatives 978-0-8213-9967-5 10.1596/978-0-8213-9967-5 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/15795 English en_US World Bank Study; CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank Washington, DC: World Bank Publications & Research :: Publication Publications & Research :: Publication Europe and Central Asia Tajikistan |