The Decision to Invest in Child Quality over Quantity : Household Size and Household Investment in Education in Vietnam

The Decision to Invest in Child Quality over Quantity : Household Size and Household Investment in Education in Vietnam

During Vietnam's two decades of rapid economic growth, its fertility rate has fallen sharply at the same time that its educational attainment has risen rapidly -- macro trends that are consistent with the hypothesis of a quantity-quality trade...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Dang, Hai-Anh, Rogers, F. Halsey
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2013
Subjects:	ABORTION ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE ACCESS TO FAMILY PLANNING ACHIEVEMENT ADOLESCENT FERTILITY ADOLESCENTS ADULT POPULATION AGE GROUPS AGE RANGES AVAILABILITY OF FAMILY PLANNING BEHAVIOR CHANGE BIRTH CONTROL BIRTH ORDER BIRTHS PER WOMAN BULLETIN CHILD MORTALITY CHILD MORTALITY RATES CHILDBEARING CHILDREN PER FAMILY COLLEGE ENTRANCE COMMITTEE ON POPULATION COMMUNITY HEALTH COMPULSORY SCHOOLING CONTRACEPTIVE USE CULTURAL CHANGE DEMAND FOR EDUCATION DEMOGRAPHY DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT POLICY ECONOMIC CHANGE ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC TRANSITION ECONOMICS OF EDUCATION EDUCATED ADULTS EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT EDUCATION EXPENDITURE EDUCATION EXPENDITURES EDUCATION FINANCE EDUCATION INVESTMENT EDUCATION OF SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN EDUCATION SYSTEM EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EDUCATIONAL EXPENDITURE EDUCATIONAL INVESTMENTS EDUCATIONAL LEVELS EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES EDUCATIONAL PERFORMANCE EDUCATIONAL PLANNING EDUCATIONAL QUALITY ENROLLMENT ENTRANCE EXAM EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EQUITABLE ACCESS EXAM EXAM PERFORMANCE EXTENDED FAMILIES EXTENDED FAMILY FAMILY INCOME FAMILY PLANNING FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAM FAMILY PLANNING SERVICES FAMILY SIZE FAMILY SIZES FERTILITY FERTILITY RATE FEWER BIRTHS FEWER CHILDREN FIRST CHILD FIRST GRADE GENDER DIFFERENCES GENERAL EDUCATION GIRLS GOVERNMENT AGENCIES GOVERNMENT POLICIES HEALTH CARE HEALTH FACILITIES HIGH CHILD MORTALITY HIGH SCHOOL HIGHER LEVELS OF EDUCATION HIV HOUSEHOLD LEVEL HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INCOME INEQUALITY INTERNATIONAL FAMILY PLANNING INTERNATIONAL FAMILY PLANNING PERSPECTIVES INTERVENTIONS INVESTMENT IN CHILDREN INVESTMENT IN EDUCATION INVESTMENTS IN EDUCATION KINSHIP LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LABOR SUPPLY LABOUR SUPPLY LAM LEARNING LEARNING OUTCOMES LET LEVELS OF EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS LOWER SECONDARY EDUCATION MAJORITY OF CHILDREN MARITAL FERTILITY MARRIED WOMEN MATERNITY CARE MIGRATION MINISTRY OF HEALTH MOTHER MOTHERS NATIONAL COMMITTEE NEWSLETTER NUMBER OF CHILDREN NUTRITION OLDER CHILDREN PAPERS PARENTAL EDUCATION PARENTS PEER PRESSURE POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY MAKERS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT POPULATION ASSOCIATION POPULATION CENSUSES POPULATION CONTROL POPULATION CONTROL POLICIES POPULATION GROWTH POPULATION POLICIES POPULATION SUBGROUP POPULATION SUBGROUPS PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIVATE SCHOOL PRIVATE SCHOOLING PRIVATE TUTORING PROGRESS PUBLIC EDUCATION PUBLIC SCHOOL PUBLIC SCHOOLS PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION QUALITY EDUCATION QUALITY OF EDUCATION QUALITY SCHOOLS RADIO RESOURCE ALLOCATION RETURNS TO EDUCATION RURAL AREAS RURAL VILLAGE SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SCHOOL CENSUS SCHOOL COMMUNITY SCHOOL ENROLLMENT SCHOOL ENROLMENT SCHOOL LEVEL SCHOOL QUALITY SCHOOL SYSTEM SCHOOL YEAR SCHOOL-AGE SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN SCHOOLING SCHOOLING QUALITY SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOL SECONDARY SCHOOLS SECONDARY STUDENTS SEX SEX PREFERENCE SEX-SELECTIVE ABORTION SEXUAL BEHAVIOR SINGLE CHILD SMALLER HOUSEHOLDS SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT SON PREFERENCE STUDENT TEACHER RATIO STUDENT-TEACHER RATIOS TEACHER TEACHER QUALIFICATIONS TEACHER QUALITY TEACHER RATIO TEACHER TRAINING TEACHERS TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TELEVISION TERTIARY LEVEL TEST SCORES TRAINING COLLEGE TUITION TUTORING TUTORS UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION UNWANTED BIRTHS URBAN AREAS WOMAN YOUNG MEN YOUNG WOMEN quantity-quality tradeoff
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/06/17874788/decision-invest-child-quality-over-quantity-household-size-household-investment-education-vietnam http://hdl.handle.net/10986/15846

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Summary:	During Vietnam's two decades of rapid economic growth, its fertility rate has fallen sharply at the same time that its educational attainment has risen rapidly -- macro trends that are consistent with the hypothesis of a quantity-quality tradeoff in child-rearing. This paper investigates whether the micro-level evidence supports the hypothesis that Vietnamese parents are in fact making a tradeoff between quantity and quality of children. The paper presents new measures of household investment in private tutoring, together with traditional measures of household investments in education. It analyzes data from the Vietnam Household Living Standards Surveys and instruments for family size using the distance to the nearest family planning center. The estimation results show that families do indeed invest less in the education of school-age children who have larger numbers of siblings. This effect holds for several indicators of educational investment -- including general education expenditure and various measures of private tutoring investment -- and is robust to various definitions of family size and model specifications that control for community characteristics as well as the distance to the city center. Finally, the results suggest that tutoring may be a better measure of quality-oriented household investments in education than traditional measures like enrollment, which are arguably less nuanced and household-driven.