Private Tutoring in Vietnam: A Review of Current Issues and Its Major Correlates

Building on the earlier work, this paper provides an updated review of the private tutoring phenomenon in Vietnam in several aspects, including the reasons, scale, intensity, form, cost, and legality of these classes. In particular, the paper offers a comparative analysis of the trends in private tu...

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Main Author:	Dang, Hai-Anh H.
Language:	en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, D.C. 2013
Subjects:	academic performance Academic Success access to schooling age ranges attendance rates basic education black students childcare classroom classrooms College Education College Entrance college students colleges Comparative Education cost of books curricula demand for education Economics of Education Education Development education expenditure education expenditures education fees Education Law education level education outcomes education reforms education sector Education statistics education system educational institutions Educational Measurement Educational Planning educational policies Educational Research employment enrollment enrollment rates enrolment rate Entrance Exam ethnic groups Ethnic Minorities ethnic minority ethnic minority groups exam Exam Performance exams expenditures female students formal schooling gender bias girls Government support for education gross enrollment gross enrollment rates gross enrolment gross enrolment rates high school higher education higher education institution higher grades household surveys Human Capital human development Human Resources instruction Investment in Education Learning Outcomes level of education levels of education literacy literacy rates literature lower secondary education lower secondary level mathematics Ministry of Education minority groups national university number of schools number of students older children open access Papers parent associations parental education preschool level Primary education primary level Primary Lower secondary primary school primary school completion primary school completion rate primary school level primary schools primary students private institutions Private Tutoring private universities private university public schools public universities Publishers quality of education readers reading Reasoning Remedial Education researchers rural areas rural students school administrators school age school curricula school day school enrolment school facilities school hours school levels school system school teachers school year school years schooling schools Secondary education secondary school secondary school principals secondary schools secondary students Student Achievement student attendance student attitudes student learning student performance students per year teacher teacher salaries Teachers Teaching technical assistance television broadcasts Tertiary education tertiary level tertiary levels tertiary sector tertiary system test scores training schools tuition tuition fees Tutoring tutoring methods tutors undergraduate education universities university entrance university entrance examinations university professors vocational schools Youth
Online Access:	http://hdl.handle.net/10986/16316

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spelling	okr-10986-163162021-04-23T14:03:28Z Private Tutoring in Vietnam: A Review of Current Issues and Its Major Correlates Dang, Hai-Anh H. academic performance Academic Success access to schooling age ranges attendance rates basic education black students childcare classroom classrooms College Education College Entrance college students colleges Comparative Education cost of books curricula demand for education Economics of Education Education Development education expenditure education expenditures education fees Education Law education level education outcomes education reforms education sector Education statistics education system educational institutions Educational Measurement Educational Planning educational policies Educational Research employment enrollment enrollment rates enrolment rate Entrance Exam ethnic groups Ethnic Minorities ethnic minority ethnic minority groups exam Exam Performance exams expenditures female students formal schooling gender bias girls Government support for education gross enrollment gross enrollment rates gross enrolment gross enrolment rates high school higher education higher education institution higher grades household surveys Human Capital human development Human Resources instruction Investment in Education Learning Outcomes level of education levels of education literacy literacy rates literature lower secondary education lower secondary level mathematics Ministry of Education minority groups national university number of schools number of students older children open access Papers parent associations parental education preschool level Primary education primary level Primary Lower secondary primary school primary school completion primary school completion rate primary school level primary schools primary students private institutions Private Tutoring private universities private university public schools public universities Publishers quality of education readers reading Reasoning Remedial Education researchers rural areas rural students school administrators school age school curricula school day school enrolment school facilities school hours school levels school system school teachers school year school years schooling schools Secondary education secondary school secondary school principals secondary schools secondary students Student Achievement student attendance student attitudes student learning student performance students per year teacher teacher salaries Teachers Teaching technical assistance television broadcasts Tertiary education tertiary level tertiary levels tertiary sector tertiary system test scores training schools tuition tuition fees Tutoring tutoring methods tutors undergraduate education universities university entrance university entrance examinations university professors vocational schools Youth Building on the earlier work, this paper provides an updated review of the private tutoring phenomenon in Vietnam in several aspects, including the reasons, scale, intensity, form, cost, and legality of these classes. In particular, the paper offers a comparative analysis of the trends in private tutoring between 1998 and 2006 where data are available. Several (micro-) correlates are examined that are found to be strongly correlated with student attendance at tutoring, including household income, household head education and residence area, student current grade level, ethnicity, and household size. In particular, the analysis focuses on the last three variables, which have received little attention in the previous literature on the determinants of tutoring. 2013-11-25T21:20:53Z 2013-11-25T21:20:53Z 2013-09 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/16316 en_US Policy Research Working Paper;No.6618 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, D.C. East Asia and Pacific Vietnam
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	en_US
topic	academic performance Academic Success access to schooling age ranges attendance rates basic education black students childcare classroom classrooms College Education College Entrance college students colleges Comparative Education cost of books curricula demand for education Economics of Education Education Development education expenditure education expenditures education fees Education Law education level education outcomes education reforms education sector Education statistics education system educational institutions Educational Measurement Educational Planning educational policies Educational Research employment enrollment enrollment rates enrolment rate Entrance Exam ethnic groups Ethnic Minorities ethnic minority ethnic minority groups exam Exam Performance exams expenditures female students formal schooling gender bias girls Government support for education gross enrollment gross enrollment rates gross enrolment gross enrolment rates high school higher education higher education institution higher grades household surveys Human Capital human development Human Resources instruction Investment in Education Learning Outcomes level of education levels of education literacy literacy rates literature lower secondary education lower secondary level mathematics Ministry of Education minority groups national university number of schools number of students older children open access Papers parent associations parental education preschool level Primary education primary level Primary Lower secondary primary school primary school completion primary school completion rate primary school level primary schools primary students private institutions Private Tutoring private universities private university public schools public universities Publishers quality of education readers reading Reasoning Remedial Education researchers rural areas rural students school administrators school age school curricula school day school enrolment school facilities school hours school levels school system school teachers school year school years schooling schools Secondary education secondary school secondary school principals secondary schools secondary students Student Achievement student attendance student attitudes student learning student performance students per year teacher teacher salaries Teachers Teaching technical assistance television broadcasts Tertiary education tertiary level tertiary levels tertiary sector tertiary system test scores training schools tuition tuition fees Tutoring tutoring methods tutors undergraduate education universities university entrance university entrance examinations university professors vocational schools Youth
spellingShingle	academic performance Academic Success access to schooling age ranges attendance rates basic education black students childcare classroom classrooms College Education College Entrance college students colleges Comparative Education cost of books curricula demand for education Economics of Education Education Development education expenditure education expenditures education fees Education Law education level education outcomes education reforms education sector Education statistics education system educational institutions Educational Measurement Educational Planning educational policies Educational Research employment enrollment enrollment rates enrolment rate Entrance Exam ethnic groups Ethnic Minorities ethnic minority ethnic minority groups exam Exam Performance exams expenditures female students formal schooling gender bias girls Government support for education gross enrollment gross enrollment rates gross enrolment gross enrolment rates high school higher education higher education institution higher grades household surveys Human Capital human development Human Resources instruction Investment in Education Learning Outcomes level of education levels of education literacy literacy rates literature lower secondary education lower secondary level mathematics Ministry of Education minority groups national university number of schools number of students older children open access Papers parent associations parental education preschool level Primary education primary level Primary Lower secondary primary school primary school completion primary school completion rate primary school level primary schools primary students private institutions Private Tutoring private universities private university public schools public universities Publishers quality of education readers reading Reasoning Remedial Education researchers rural areas rural students school administrators school age school curricula school day school enrolment school facilities school hours school levels school system school teachers school year school years schooling schools Secondary education secondary school secondary school principals secondary schools secondary students Student Achievement student attendance student attitudes student learning student performance students per year teacher teacher salaries Teachers Teaching technical assistance television broadcasts Tertiary education tertiary level tertiary levels tertiary sector tertiary system test scores training schools tuition tuition fees Tutoring tutoring methods tutors undergraduate education universities university entrance university entrance examinations university professors vocational schools Youth Dang, Hai-Anh H. Private Tutoring in Vietnam: A Review of Current Issues and Its Major Correlates
geographic_facet	East Asia and Pacific Vietnam
relation	Policy Research Working Paper;No.6618
description	Building on the earlier work, this paper provides an updated review of the private tutoring phenomenon in Vietnam in several aspects, including the reasons, scale, intensity, form, cost, and legality of these classes. In particular, the paper offers a comparative analysis of the trends in private tutoring between 1998 and 2006 where data are available. Several (micro-) correlates are examined that are found to be strongly correlated with student attendance at tutoring, including household income, household head education and residence area, student current grade level, ethnicity, and household size. In particular, the analysis focuses on the last three variables, which have received little attention in the previous literature on the determinants of tutoring.
author	Dang, Hai-Anh H.
author_facet	Dang, Hai-Anh H.
author_sort	Dang, Hai-Anh H.
title	Private Tutoring in Vietnam: A Review of Current Issues and Its Major Correlates
title_short	Private Tutoring in Vietnam: A Review of Current Issues and Its Major Correlates
title_full	Private Tutoring in Vietnam: A Review of Current Issues and Its Major Correlates
title_fullStr	Private Tutoring in Vietnam: A Review of Current Issues and Its Major Correlates
title_full_unstemmed	Private Tutoring in Vietnam: A Review of Current Issues and Its Major Correlates
title_sort	private tutoring in vietnam: a review of current issues and its major correlates
publisher	World Bank, Washington, D.C.
publishDate	2013
url	http://hdl.handle.net/10986/16316
_version_	1764432821635514368

Private Tutoring in Vietnam: A Review of Current Issues and Its Major Correlates

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