Addressing Household Air Pollution : A Case Study in Rural Madagascar
Household air pollution is the second leading cause of disease in Madagascar, where more than 99 percent of households rely on solid biomass, such as charcoal, wood, and crop waste, as the main cooking fuel. Only a limited number of studies have looked at the emissions and health consequences of coo...
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
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World Bank, Washington, D.C.
2013
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10986/16380 |
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okr-10986-163802021-04-23T14:03:28Z Addressing Household Air Pollution : A Case Study in Rural Madagascar Dasgupta, Susmita Martin, Paul Samad, Hussain A. Aerosols agricultural residues Air Air Pollution air quality Air Quality Guidelines alternative fuel altitude aluminum Ambient air Ambient air quality ambient particulate matter ambient pollution ambient weather animal dung ash availability balance biomass fuel biomass fuels biomass stove biomass stoves building materials burning stove burning wood carbon carbon monoxide ceramic liner charcoal chronic bronchitis clean fuel clean fuels cleaner fuels climate co combustion Combustion Products concentration of pollutants cook stoves cooking crop crop residue crop waste cyclones Diffusion dispersion of pollutants domestic energy dung dust electricity emission emission factors emissions emissions from fuel ethanol ethanol consumption ethanol from biomass Exposure to Particles fine particles fine particulate matter fine particulates fuel fuel consumption fuel tanks fuel type fuel use fuels Gas heat heat transfer household energy household fuel Humidity kerosene particles particulate particulate emissions particulate matter particulates pollutant concentration pollutant concentrations pollutants pumps quantity of fuel rain rainfall rural areas rural households smoke solid biomass solid fuel solid fuels temperature thermal efficiencies thermal efficiency towns traditional stove traditional stoves types of fuel urban areas urban households Wind wood wood consumption wood fuel Household air pollution is the second leading cause of disease in Madagascar, where more than 99 percent of households rely on solid biomass, such as charcoal, wood, and crop waste, as the main cooking fuel. Only a limited number of studies have looked at the emissions and health consequences of cook stoves in Africa. This paper summarizes an initiative to monitor household air pollution in two towns in Madagascar, with a stratified sample of 154 and 184 households. Concentrations of fine particulate matter and carbon monoxide in each kitchen were monitored three times using UCB Particle Monitors and GasBadge Pro Single Gas Monitors. The average concentrations of both pollutants significantly exceeded World Health Organization guidelines for indoor exposure. A fixed-effect panel regression analysis was conducted to investigate the effects of various factors, including fuel (charcoal, wood, and ethanol), stove (traditional and improved ethanol), kitchen size, ventilation, building materials, and ambient environment. Judging by its effect on fine particulate matter and carbon monoxide, ethanol is significantly cleaner than biomass fuels and, for both pollutants, a larger kitchen significantly improves the quality of household air. Compared with traditional charcoal stoves, improved charcoal stoves were found to have no significant impact on air quality, but the improved wood stove with a chimney was effective in reducing concentrations of carbon monoxide in the kitchen, as was ventilation. 2013-12-16T16:05:54Z 2013-12-16T16:05:54Z 2013-09 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/16380 en_US Policy Research Working Paper;No.6627 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank World Bank, Washington, D.C. Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research Africa Sub-Saharan Africa |
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Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
en_US |
| topic |
Aerosols agricultural residues Air Air Pollution air quality Air Quality Guidelines alternative fuel altitude aluminum Ambient air Ambient air quality ambient particulate matter ambient pollution ambient weather animal dung ash availability balance biomass fuel biomass fuels biomass stove biomass stoves building materials burning stove burning wood carbon carbon monoxide ceramic liner charcoal chronic bronchitis clean fuel clean fuels cleaner fuels climate co combustion Combustion Products concentration of pollutants cook stoves cooking crop crop residue crop waste cyclones Diffusion dispersion of pollutants domestic energy dung dust electricity emission emission factors emissions emissions from fuel ethanol ethanol consumption ethanol from biomass Exposure to Particles fine particles fine particulate matter fine particulates fuel fuel consumption fuel tanks fuel type fuel use fuels Gas heat heat transfer household energy household fuel Humidity kerosene particles particulate particulate emissions particulate matter particulates pollutant concentration pollutant concentrations pollutants pumps quantity of fuel rain rainfall rural areas rural households smoke solid biomass solid fuel solid fuels temperature thermal efficiencies thermal efficiency towns traditional stove traditional stoves types of fuel urban areas urban households Wind wood wood consumption wood fuel |
| spellingShingle |
Aerosols agricultural residues Air Air Pollution air quality Air Quality Guidelines alternative fuel altitude aluminum Ambient air Ambient air quality ambient particulate matter ambient pollution ambient weather animal dung ash availability balance biomass fuel biomass fuels biomass stove biomass stoves building materials burning stove burning wood carbon carbon monoxide ceramic liner charcoal chronic bronchitis clean fuel clean fuels cleaner fuels climate co combustion Combustion Products concentration of pollutants cook stoves cooking crop crop residue crop waste cyclones Diffusion dispersion of pollutants domestic energy dung dust electricity emission emission factors emissions emissions from fuel ethanol ethanol consumption ethanol from biomass Exposure to Particles fine particles fine particulate matter fine particulates fuel fuel consumption fuel tanks fuel type fuel use fuels Gas heat heat transfer household energy household fuel Humidity kerosene particles particulate particulate emissions particulate matter particulates pollutant concentration pollutant concentrations pollutants pumps quantity of fuel rain rainfall rural areas rural households smoke solid biomass solid fuel solid fuels temperature thermal efficiencies thermal efficiency towns traditional stove traditional stoves types of fuel urban areas urban households Wind wood wood consumption wood fuel Dasgupta, Susmita Martin, Paul Samad, Hussain A. Addressing Household Air Pollution : A Case Study in Rural Madagascar |
| geographic_facet |
Africa Sub-Saharan Africa |
| relation |
Policy Research Working Paper;No.6627 |
| description |
Household air pollution is the second leading cause of disease in Madagascar, where more than 99 percent of households rely on solid biomass, such as charcoal, wood, and crop waste, as the main cooking fuel. Only a limited number of studies have looked at the emissions and health consequences of cook stoves in Africa. This paper summarizes an initiative to monitor household air pollution in two towns in Madagascar, with a stratified sample of 154 and 184 households. Concentrations of fine particulate matter and carbon monoxide in each kitchen were monitored three times using UCB Particle Monitors and GasBadge Pro Single Gas Monitors. The average concentrations of both pollutants significantly exceeded World Health Organization guidelines for indoor exposure. A fixed-effect panel regression analysis was conducted to investigate the effects of various factors, including fuel (charcoal, wood, and ethanol), stove (traditional and improved ethanol), kitchen size, ventilation, building materials, and ambient environment. Judging by its effect on fine particulate matter and carbon monoxide, ethanol is significantly cleaner than biomass fuels and, for both pollutants, a larger kitchen significantly improves the quality of household air. Compared with traditional charcoal stoves, improved charcoal stoves were found to have no significant impact on air quality, but the improved wood stove with a chimney was effective in reducing concentrations of carbon monoxide in the kitchen, as was ventilation. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Dasgupta, Susmita Martin, Paul Samad, Hussain A. |
| author_facet |
Dasgupta, Susmita Martin, Paul Samad, Hussain A. |
| author_sort |
Dasgupta, Susmita |
| title |
Addressing Household Air Pollution : A Case Study in Rural Madagascar |
| title_short |
Addressing Household Air Pollution : A Case Study in Rural Madagascar |
| title_full |
Addressing Household Air Pollution : A Case Study in Rural Madagascar |
| title_fullStr |
Addressing Household Air Pollution : A Case Study in Rural Madagascar |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Addressing Household Air Pollution : A Case Study in Rural Madagascar |
| title_sort |
addressing household air pollution : a case study in rural madagascar |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, D.C. |
| publishDate |
2013 |
| url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/16380 |
| _version_ |
1764433026130903040 |