Child Labor and School Achievement in Latin America

Child labors effect on academic achievement is estimated using unique data on third and fourth graders in nine Latin American countries. Cross country variation in truancy regulations provides an exogenous shift in the ages of children normally in...

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Main Authors:	Gunnarsson, Victoria, Orazem, Peter F., Sanchez, Mario A.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English en_US
Published:	Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the World Bank 2014
Subjects:	ADVERSE CONSEQUENCES ADVERSE EFFECTS AVAILABILITY OF BOOKS BASIC SKILLS CAPITAL INVESTMENT CAPITAL INVESTMENTS CHILD LABOR CHILD LABOR LAWS CHILD LABOUR CHILDREN IN SCHOOLS CLASSROOM CLASSROOM ENVIRONMENT COGNITIVE ACHIEVEMENT COGNITIVE SKILLS COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW COMPULSORY SCHOOLING CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMICS EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EDUCATIONAL POLICIES EMPLOYMENT ENROLLMENT ENROLLMENT BY AGE ENROLLMENT RATES FAMILY LABOR GIRLS HUMAN CAPITAL INCOME INSTRUCTION LABOR ECONOMICS LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR LAWS LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LABOR SUPPLY LABORERS LEARNING LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT LEARNING OUTCOMES LEGAL GUARDIANS LITERACY LIVING STANDARDS MARKET WAGE MARKET WAGES MATHEMATICS NUMERACY NUTRITION OLDER CHILDREN OPPORTUNITY COSTS PARENTAL EDUCATION PARENTS PARTICIPATION RATES POLITICAL ECONOMY PRIMARY ENROLLMENT PRIMARY ENROLLMENT RATES PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOL ACHIEVEMENT PRIMARY SCHOOLING PRODUCTION PROCESS PRODUCTIVITY QUALITY OF EDUCATION READING RURAL AREAS RURAL CHILDREN RURAL GIRLS SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SCHOOL PRINCIPALS SCHOOL QUALITY SCHOOL TIME SCHOOLING SCHOOLS SMALL SCHOOLS SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT TEACHER TRAINING TEACHERS TEXTBOOKS WAGES WORKING CHILDREN WORKING HOURS YOUNG CHILDREN YOUNGER CHILDREN
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2006/01/17753324/child-labor-school-achievement-latin-america http://hdl.handle.net/10986/16463

id	okr-10986-16463
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-164632021-04-23T14:03:29Z Child Labor and School Achievement in Latin America Gunnarsson, Victoria Orazem, Peter F. Sanchez, Mario A. ADVERSE CONSEQUENCES ADVERSE EFFECTS AVAILABILITY OF BOOKS BASIC SKILLS CAPITAL INVESTMENT CAPITAL INVESTMENTS CHILD LABOR CHILD LABOR LAWS CHILD LABOUR CHILDREN IN SCHOOLS CLASSROOM CLASSROOM ENVIRONMENT COGNITIVE ACHIEVEMENT COGNITIVE SKILLS COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW COMPULSORY SCHOOLING CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMICS EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EDUCATIONAL POLICIES EMPLOYMENT ENROLLMENT ENROLLMENT BY AGE ENROLLMENT RATES FAMILY LABOR GIRLS HUMAN CAPITAL INCOME INSTRUCTION LABOR ECONOMICS LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR LAWS LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LABOR SUPPLY LABORERS LEARNING LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT LEARNING OUTCOMES LEGAL GUARDIANS LITERACY LIVING STANDARDS MARKET WAGE MARKET WAGES MATHEMATICS NUMERACY NUTRITION OLDER CHILDREN OPPORTUNITY COSTS PARENTAL EDUCATION PARENTS PARTICIPATION RATES POLITICAL ECONOMY PRIMARY ENROLLMENT PRIMARY ENROLLMENT RATES PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOL ACHIEVEMENT PRIMARY SCHOOLING PRODUCTION PROCESS PRODUCTIVITY QUALITY OF EDUCATION READING RURAL AREAS RURAL CHILDREN RURAL GIRLS SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SCHOOL PRINCIPALS SCHOOL QUALITY SCHOOL TIME SCHOOLING SCHOOLS SMALL SCHOOLS SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT TEACHER TRAINING TEACHERS TEXTBOOKS WAGES WORKING CHILDREN WORKING HOURS YOUNG CHILDREN YOUNGER CHILDREN Child labors effect on academic achievement is estimated using unique data on third and fourth graders in nine Latin American countries. Cross country variation in truancy regulations provides an exogenous shift in the ages of children normally in these grades, providing exogenous variation in the opportunity cost of children's time. Least squares estimates suggest that child labor lowers test scores, but those estimates are biased toward zero. Corrected estimates are still negative and statistically significant. Children working 1 standard deviation above the mean have average scores that are 16 percent lower on mathematics examinations and 11 percent lower on language examinations, consistent with the estimates of the adverse impact of child labor on returns to schooling. 2014-01-02T21:00:50Z 2014-01-02T21:00:50Z 2006-01 Journal Article http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2006/01/17753324/child-labor-school-achievement-latin-america World Bank Economic Review doi:10.1093/wber/lhj003 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/16463 English en_US CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/igo World Bank Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the World Bank Publications & Research :: Journal Article Publications & Research :: Journal Article Latin America & Caribbean Latin America
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English en_US
topic	ADVERSE CONSEQUENCES ADVERSE EFFECTS AVAILABILITY OF BOOKS BASIC SKILLS CAPITAL INVESTMENT CAPITAL INVESTMENTS CHILD LABOR CHILD LABOR LAWS CHILD LABOUR CHILDREN IN SCHOOLS CLASSROOM CLASSROOM ENVIRONMENT COGNITIVE ACHIEVEMENT COGNITIVE SKILLS COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW COMPULSORY SCHOOLING CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMICS EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EDUCATIONAL POLICIES EMPLOYMENT ENROLLMENT ENROLLMENT BY AGE ENROLLMENT RATES FAMILY LABOR GIRLS HUMAN CAPITAL INCOME INSTRUCTION LABOR ECONOMICS LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR LAWS LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LABOR SUPPLY LABORERS LEARNING LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT LEARNING OUTCOMES LEGAL GUARDIANS LITERACY LIVING STANDARDS MARKET WAGE MARKET WAGES MATHEMATICS NUMERACY NUTRITION OLDER CHILDREN OPPORTUNITY COSTS PARENTAL EDUCATION PARENTS PARTICIPATION RATES POLITICAL ECONOMY PRIMARY ENROLLMENT PRIMARY ENROLLMENT RATES PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOL ACHIEVEMENT PRIMARY SCHOOLING PRODUCTION PROCESS PRODUCTIVITY QUALITY OF EDUCATION READING RURAL AREAS RURAL CHILDREN RURAL GIRLS SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SCHOOL PRINCIPALS SCHOOL QUALITY SCHOOL TIME SCHOOLING SCHOOLS SMALL SCHOOLS SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT TEACHER TRAINING TEACHERS TEXTBOOKS WAGES WORKING CHILDREN WORKING HOURS YOUNG CHILDREN YOUNGER CHILDREN
spellingShingle	ADVERSE CONSEQUENCES ADVERSE EFFECTS AVAILABILITY OF BOOKS BASIC SKILLS CAPITAL INVESTMENT CAPITAL INVESTMENTS CHILD LABOR CHILD LABOR LAWS CHILD LABOUR CHILDREN IN SCHOOLS CLASSROOM CLASSROOM ENVIRONMENT COGNITIVE ACHIEVEMENT COGNITIVE SKILLS COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW COMPULSORY SCHOOLING CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMICS EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EDUCATIONAL POLICIES EMPLOYMENT ENROLLMENT ENROLLMENT BY AGE ENROLLMENT RATES FAMILY LABOR GIRLS HUMAN CAPITAL INCOME INSTRUCTION LABOR ECONOMICS LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR LAWS LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LABOR SUPPLY LABORERS LEARNING LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT LEARNING OUTCOMES LEGAL GUARDIANS LITERACY LIVING STANDARDS MARKET WAGE MARKET WAGES MATHEMATICS NUMERACY NUTRITION OLDER CHILDREN OPPORTUNITY COSTS PARENTAL EDUCATION PARENTS PARTICIPATION RATES POLITICAL ECONOMY PRIMARY ENROLLMENT PRIMARY ENROLLMENT RATES PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOL ACHIEVEMENT PRIMARY SCHOOLING PRODUCTION PROCESS PRODUCTIVITY QUALITY OF EDUCATION READING RURAL AREAS RURAL CHILDREN RURAL GIRLS SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SCHOOL PRINCIPALS SCHOOL QUALITY SCHOOL TIME SCHOOLING SCHOOLS SMALL SCHOOLS SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT TEACHER TRAINING TEACHERS TEXTBOOKS WAGES WORKING CHILDREN WORKING HOURS YOUNG CHILDREN YOUNGER CHILDREN Gunnarsson, Victoria Orazem, Peter F. Sanchez, Mario A. Child Labor and School Achievement in Latin America
geographic_facet	Latin America & Caribbean Latin America
description	Child labors effect on academic achievement is estimated using unique data on third and fourth graders in nine Latin American countries. Cross country variation in truancy regulations provides an exogenous shift in the ages of children normally in these grades, providing exogenous variation in the opportunity cost of children's time. Least squares estimates suggest that child labor lowers test scores, but those estimates are biased toward zero. Corrected estimates are still negative and statistically significant. Children working 1 standard deviation above the mean have average scores that are 16 percent lower on mathematics examinations and 11 percent lower on language examinations, consistent with the estimates of the adverse impact of child labor on returns to schooling.
format	Journal Article
author	Gunnarsson, Victoria Orazem, Peter F. Sanchez, Mario A.
author_facet	Gunnarsson, Victoria Orazem, Peter F. Sanchez, Mario A.
author_sort	Gunnarsson, Victoria
title	Child Labor and School Achievement in Latin America
title_short	Child Labor and School Achievement in Latin America
title_full	Child Labor and School Achievement in Latin America
title_fullStr	Child Labor and School Achievement in Latin America
title_full_unstemmed	Child Labor and School Achievement in Latin America
title_sort	child labor and school achievement in latin america
publisher	Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the World Bank
publishDate	2014
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2006/01/17753324/child-labor-school-achievement-latin-america http://hdl.handle.net/10986/16463
_version_	1764433294988935168

Child Labor and School Achievement in Latin America

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