Environmental Health in Nicaragua : Addressing Key Environmental Challenges

The Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) region has a unique mix of qualities and challenges when it comes to the environment. It is exceptionally endowed with natural assets, with globally significant biodiversity and valuable crops, and also harbors...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	World Bank
Format:	Working Paper
Language:	English en_US
Published:	Washington, DC 2014
Subjects:	ADULT MORBIDITY ADULT MORTALITY AGE GROUP AIR POLLUTION AIR POLLUTION CONTROL AIR POLLUTION MEASURES AIR QUALITY AIR QUALITY MONITORING AIR QUALITY STANDARDS AMBIENT AIR POLLUTION AVERAGE COSTS AVERAGE DAILY CONSUMPTION BASIC SANITATION BENEFIT ANALYSIS BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS BIODIVERSITY BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION CANCER CARBON CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES CHILD HEALTH CHILD MORTALITY CHILD MORTALITY RATE CHRONIC BRONCHITIS CLEAN FUEL CLEANER FUELS CLIMATE CHANGE COAL COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS COST OF WATER COST-BENEFIT ANALYSES DEATHS DEATHS OF CHILDREN DEMOGRAPHICS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DIESEL DISABILITY DISASTERS DISSEMINATION DOSE RESPONSE DRINKING WATER DRUGS ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC IMPACT ECOSYSTEM ECOSYSTEM SERVICES ELDERLY EMISSION REDUCTION EMISSION TAXES EMISSIONS ENERGY USE ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGES ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH ENVIRONMENTAL INSTITUTIONS ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY EXPENDITURES GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT HEALTH BURDEN HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE SERVICES HEALTH DAMAGE HEALTH DAMAGES HEALTH EFFECTS HEALTH IMPACT HEALTH INTERVENTIONS HEALTH OUTCOMES HEALTH PROBLEMS HEALTH RISKS HEALTHY LIFE HIGH CHILD MORTALITY HOSPITAL HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS HOSPITALIZATION HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN HEALTH HYGIENE ILL HEALTH ILLNESS ILLNESSES INDIVIDUAL HOUSEHOLDS INDOOR AIR INDOOR AIR POLLUTION INDOOR AIR QUALITY INFECTIONS IN WOMEN INTERVENTION INVESTMENT COSTS LEGAL STATUS LIVE BIRTHS LOCAL CAPACITY MARGINAL BENEFITS MARGINAL COST MARGINAL COSTS MATERNAL HEALTH MEDICAL TREATMENT MEDICINES MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS MINISTRY OF HEALTH MORBIDITY MORTALITY MORTALITY RATE FOR CHILDREN UNDER AGE MORTALITY RATES MUNICIPAL WATER MUNICIPAL WATER SUPPLY NATURAL DISASTERS NATURAL GAS NATURAL RESOURCE NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT NATURAL RESOURCES NUMBER OF NEW CASES NUMBER OF PEOPLE OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE OUTDOOR AIR POLLUTION OUTDOOR AIR QUALITY OZONE PARTICULATE AIR POLLUTION PARTICULATE MATTER PARTICULATE POLLUTION PERSONAL HYGIENE PIT LATRINES POLICY MAKERS POLLUTANTS POLLUTION POLLUTION EXPOSURE POLLUTION IMPACTS POOR HEALTH POOR WATER QUALITY POPULATION GROWTH RATE POPULATION SUBGROUPS POTABLE WATER POTABLE WATER SUPPLY PRACTITIONERS PREMATURE DEATH PREMATURE DEATHS PREMATURE MORTALITY PRIMARY CAREGIVERS PRIVATE COSTS PROGRESS PUBLIC AWARENESS PUBLIC SERVICE PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION PUBLIC WATER QUALITY OF LIFE QUALITY OF SERVICE QUANTITY OF WATER RATES OF URBANIZATION RESPIRATORY DISEASES RESPIRATORY ILLNESS RESPIRATORY ILLNESSES RISK FACTORS RISK OF ILLNESS RURAL AREAS RURAL DRINKING WATER RURAL POPULATION RURAL POPULATIONS RURAL SANITATION RURAL WATER RURAL WATER SUPPLY SANITATION SANITATION COVERAGE SANITATION FACILITIES SANITATION SECTOR SANITATION SERVICES SEPTIC TANK SERVICE PROVISION SEWAGE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TRANSPORTATION URBAN AIR POLLUTION URBAN AREAS URBAN CENTERS URBAN POLLUTION URBAN POPULATION URBAN POPULATION GROWTH URBAN WATER URBAN WATER SUPPLY VENTILATION VULNERABILITY WAGES WASTE WASTE DISPOSAL WATER CONSUMPTION WATER POLLUTION WATER RESOURCES WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT WATER SANITATION WATER SUPPLY WATER USE WELLS WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION WTP YOUNG CHILDREN
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/01/17617086/environmental-health-nicaragua-addressing-key-environmental-challenges http://hdl.handle.net/10986/16588

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Summary:	The Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) region has a unique mix of qualities and challenges when it comes to the environment. It is exceptionally endowed with natural assets, with globally significant biodiversity and valuable crops, and also harbors the world s greatest carbon sink in the Amazon. The purpose of the series is to contribute to the global knowledge exchange on innovation in environmental and water resources management and the pursuit of greener and more inclusive growth. The series addresses issues relevant to the region s environmental sustainability agenda from water resources management to environmental health, natural resource management, biodiversity conservation, environmental policy, pollution management, environmental institutions and governance, ecosystem services, environmental financing, irrigation and climate change and their linkages to development and growth. In this particular paper, the author presents the findings of a study looking at three fundamental environmental health risks in Nicaragua, notably inadequate water and sanitation, indoor and outdoor air pollution. The results are striking in that these three risks alone amount to an estimated 2.4 percent of the country s gross domestic product (GDP), affecting primarily the poorer segments of the population. The study proceeds to look at priority investments and solutions, including by ranking potential interventions in terms of their costs and the expected benefits.

Environmental Health in Nicaragua : Addressing Key Environmental Challenges

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