Can Political Empowerment Help Economic Empowerment? Women Leaders and Female Labor Force Participation in India
This study examines whether political empowerment of women affects their economic participation. In the context of mandated political representation reform for women in India, the study finds that the length of exposure to women politicians affects...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English en_US |
| Published: |
World Bank, Washington, DC
2014
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/10/18429839/can-political-empowerment-help-economic-empowerment-women-leaders-female-labor-force-participation-india http://hdl.handle.net/10986/16890 |
| id |
okr-10986-16890 |
|---|---|
| recordtype |
oai_dc |
| spelling |
okr-10986-168902021-04-23T14:03:32Z Can Political Empowerment Help Economic Empowerment? Women Leaders and Female Labor Force Participation in India Ghani, Ejaz Mani, Anandi O'Connell, Stephen D. BARGAINING POWER CASUAL WORKER CASUAL WORKERS CATALYSTS CHILD CARE CITIZEN COMPENSATION CORRUPTION CRIME CRIMES CULTURAL CHANGE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT POLICY EARNING ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ECONOMIC STATUS EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EMPLOYEE EMPLOYMENT GUARANTEE EMPLOYMENT GUARANTEE SCHEME EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN EMPLOYMENT PATTERNS EMPLOYMENT PROGRAMS EMPLOYMENT TRENDS EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN EXPOSURE TO WOMEN FEMALE FEMALE EMPLOYMENT FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION FEMALE LEADERS GENDER GENDER DIFFERENCES GENDER EQUALITY GENDER GAP GENDER INEQUALITY GENDER ROLES GIRLS GPS HEALTH CENTERS HOME HOMES HOUSEHOLD DUTIES HOUSEHOLD ENTERPRISE HOUSEHOLD LEVEL HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INFORMAL SECTOR JOB OPPORTUNITIES JOB OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN JOBS LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES LABOR MARKETS LABOR SUPPLY LABOUR LABOUR FORCE LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION LAWS LEGISLATORS LEVELS OF EDUCATION LOCAL GOVERNMENTS LOCAL INFRASTRUCTURE MEDICAL FACILITIES MINORITY NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT NATIONAL LEGISLATION NATIONAL LEGISLATURES NATIONAL LEVEL NATIONAL POPULATION OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN OPPRESSION PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN PERSONAL SAFETY POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY MAKERS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POLITICAL PARTICIPATION POLITICAL PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN POLITICAL POWER POLITICAL REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN POPULATION CENSUS POPULATION ESTIMATES PRESENT STUDY PROGRESS PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT PROGRAM PUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYMENT PUBLIC WORKS PUBLIC WORKS PROGRAM PUBLIC WORKS PROGRAMS RESPECT ROLE MODELS RURAL AREAS RURAL DEVELOPMENT RURAL EMPLOYMENT RURAL LABOR RURAL LABOR MARKETS SAFE DRINKING WATER SEASONAL LABOR SERVANTS SEX SHARE OF WORK SOCIAL BARRIERS SOCIAL SCIENCES SOCIAL WELFARE STATUS OF WOMEN UNDP UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYMENT URBAN AREAS URBANIZATION WAGE INCREASE WAGE RATES WILL WOMAN WOMEN CANDIDATES WOMEN LEADERS WOMEN WORKERS WORKER WORKING-AGE POPULATION This study examines whether political empowerment of women affects their economic participation. In the context of mandated political representation reform for women in India, the study finds that the length of exposure to women politicians affects overall female labor force participation. These effects seem to arise through direct and indirect channels: political representation of women directly affects hours of work assigned to women under the recent national public works program, the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme. In addition, the level of access to public goods, as influenced by exposure to women leaders over time, increases the likelihood of women being engaged in the labor force. The findings suggest that women's participation in politics could be a useful policy tool to increase both the supply of and the demand for labor market opportunities for women, potentially helping to stem India's declining female labor force participation rate. 2014-02-04T20:20:35Z 2014-02-04T20:20:35Z 2013-10 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/10/18429839/can-political-empowerment-help-economic-empowerment-women-leaders-female-labor-force-participation-india http://hdl.handle.net/10986/16890 English en_US Policy Research Working Paper;No. 6675 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research South Asia India |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
BARGAINING POWER CASUAL WORKER CASUAL WORKERS CATALYSTS CHILD CARE CITIZEN COMPENSATION CORRUPTION CRIME CRIMES CULTURAL CHANGE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT POLICY EARNING ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ECONOMIC STATUS EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EMPLOYEE EMPLOYMENT GUARANTEE EMPLOYMENT GUARANTEE SCHEME EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN EMPLOYMENT PATTERNS EMPLOYMENT PROGRAMS EMPLOYMENT TRENDS EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN EXPOSURE TO WOMEN FEMALE FEMALE EMPLOYMENT FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION FEMALE LEADERS GENDER GENDER DIFFERENCES GENDER EQUALITY GENDER GAP GENDER INEQUALITY GENDER ROLES GIRLS GPS HEALTH CENTERS HOME HOMES HOUSEHOLD DUTIES HOUSEHOLD ENTERPRISE HOUSEHOLD LEVEL HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INFORMAL SECTOR JOB OPPORTUNITIES JOB OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN JOBS LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES LABOR MARKETS LABOR SUPPLY LABOUR LABOUR FORCE LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION LAWS LEGISLATORS LEVELS OF EDUCATION LOCAL GOVERNMENTS LOCAL INFRASTRUCTURE MEDICAL FACILITIES MINORITY NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT NATIONAL LEGISLATION NATIONAL LEGISLATURES NATIONAL LEVEL NATIONAL POPULATION OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN OPPRESSION PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN PERSONAL SAFETY POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY MAKERS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POLITICAL PARTICIPATION POLITICAL PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN POLITICAL POWER POLITICAL REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN POPULATION CENSUS POPULATION ESTIMATES PRESENT STUDY PROGRESS PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT PROGRAM PUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYMENT PUBLIC WORKS PUBLIC WORKS PROGRAM PUBLIC WORKS PROGRAMS RESPECT ROLE MODELS RURAL AREAS RURAL DEVELOPMENT RURAL EMPLOYMENT RURAL LABOR RURAL LABOR MARKETS SAFE DRINKING WATER SEASONAL LABOR SERVANTS SEX SHARE OF WORK SOCIAL BARRIERS SOCIAL SCIENCES SOCIAL WELFARE STATUS OF WOMEN UNDP UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYMENT URBAN AREAS URBANIZATION WAGE INCREASE WAGE RATES WILL WOMAN WOMEN CANDIDATES WOMEN LEADERS WOMEN WORKERS WORKER WORKING-AGE POPULATION |
| spellingShingle |
BARGAINING POWER CASUAL WORKER CASUAL WORKERS CATALYSTS CHILD CARE CITIZEN COMPENSATION CORRUPTION CRIME CRIMES CULTURAL CHANGE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT POLICY EARNING ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ECONOMIC STATUS EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EMPLOYEE EMPLOYMENT GUARANTEE EMPLOYMENT GUARANTEE SCHEME EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN EMPLOYMENT PATTERNS EMPLOYMENT PROGRAMS EMPLOYMENT TRENDS EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN EXPOSURE TO WOMEN FEMALE FEMALE EMPLOYMENT FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION FEMALE LEADERS GENDER GENDER DIFFERENCES GENDER EQUALITY GENDER GAP GENDER INEQUALITY GENDER ROLES GIRLS GPS HEALTH CENTERS HOME HOMES HOUSEHOLD DUTIES HOUSEHOLD ENTERPRISE HOUSEHOLD LEVEL HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INFORMAL SECTOR JOB OPPORTUNITIES JOB OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN JOBS LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES LABOR MARKETS LABOR SUPPLY LABOUR LABOUR FORCE LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION LAWS LEGISLATORS LEVELS OF EDUCATION LOCAL GOVERNMENTS LOCAL INFRASTRUCTURE MEDICAL FACILITIES MINORITY NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT NATIONAL LEGISLATION NATIONAL LEGISLATURES NATIONAL LEVEL NATIONAL POPULATION OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN OPPRESSION PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN PERSONAL SAFETY POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY MAKERS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POLITICAL PARTICIPATION POLITICAL PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN POLITICAL POWER POLITICAL REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN POPULATION CENSUS POPULATION ESTIMATES PRESENT STUDY PROGRESS PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT PROGRAM PUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYMENT PUBLIC WORKS PUBLIC WORKS PROGRAM PUBLIC WORKS PROGRAMS RESPECT ROLE MODELS RURAL AREAS RURAL DEVELOPMENT RURAL EMPLOYMENT RURAL LABOR RURAL LABOR MARKETS SAFE DRINKING WATER SEASONAL LABOR SERVANTS SEX SHARE OF WORK SOCIAL BARRIERS SOCIAL SCIENCES SOCIAL WELFARE STATUS OF WOMEN UNDP UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYMENT URBAN AREAS URBANIZATION WAGE INCREASE WAGE RATES WILL WOMAN WOMEN CANDIDATES WOMEN LEADERS WOMEN WORKERS WORKER WORKING-AGE POPULATION Ghani, Ejaz Mani, Anandi O'Connell, Stephen D. Can Political Empowerment Help Economic Empowerment? Women Leaders and Female Labor Force Participation in India |
| geographic_facet |
South Asia India |
| relation |
Policy Research Working Paper;No. 6675 |
| description |
This study examines whether political
empowerment of women affects their economic participation.
In the context of mandated political representation reform
for women in India, the study finds that the length of
exposure to women politicians affects overall female labor
force participation. These effects seem to arise through
direct and indirect channels: political representation of
women directly affects hours of work assigned to women under
the recent national public works program, the Mahatma Gandhi
National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme. In addition, the
level of access to public goods, as influenced by exposure
to women leaders over time, increases the likelihood of
women being engaged in the labor force. The findings suggest
that women's participation in politics could be a
useful policy tool to increase both the supply of and the
demand for labor market opportunities for women, potentially
helping to stem India's declining female labor force
participation rate. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Ghani, Ejaz Mani, Anandi O'Connell, Stephen D. |
| author_facet |
Ghani, Ejaz Mani, Anandi O'Connell, Stephen D. |
| author_sort |
Ghani, Ejaz |
| title |
Can Political Empowerment Help Economic Empowerment? Women Leaders and Female Labor Force Participation in India |
| title_short |
Can Political Empowerment Help Economic Empowerment? Women Leaders and Female Labor Force Participation in India |
| title_full |
Can Political Empowerment Help Economic Empowerment? Women Leaders and Female Labor Force Participation in India |
| title_fullStr |
Can Political Empowerment Help Economic Empowerment? Women Leaders and Female Labor Force Participation in India |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Can Political Empowerment Help Economic Empowerment? Women Leaders and Female Labor Force Participation in India |
| title_sort |
can political empowerment help economic empowerment? women leaders and female labor force participation in india |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2014 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/10/18429839/can-political-empowerment-help-economic-empowerment-women-leaders-female-labor-force-participation-india http://hdl.handle.net/10986/16890 |
| _version_ |
1764434825139191808 |