Business Environment, Economic Agglomeration and Job Creation around the World

Based on a comprehensive worldwide firm survey, this paper looks at how the business environment and economic agglomeration affect job creation, holding constant conventional determinants of firm growth, such as firm ownership, size, and age. The a...

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Main Authors:	Clarke, George, Li, Yue, Xu, Lixin Colin
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2014
Subjects:	ACCESS TO FOREIGN MARKETS BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT BUSINESS ENVIRONMENTS COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COST OF CAPITAL DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DOMESTIC MARKET DOMESTIC MARKETS ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMICS EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPIRICAL STUDIES EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT GROWTH EMPLOYMENT GROWTH RATE ENVIRONMENTS EXPANSION EXPORT MARKETS FIRING COSTS FIRM GROWTH FIRM LEVEL FIRM PERFORMANCE FIRM SIZE FIRM SURVEY FIRM SURVIVAL FIRMS FOREIGN OWNERSHIP FOREIGN PARTNERS FOREIGN-OWNED FIRMS HIGH WAGES HUMAN CAPITAL INFLATION INFORMAL ECONOMY INFORMAL SECTOR INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT INTERMEDIATE INPUTS INTERNATIONAL MARKETS JOB CREATION JOB LOSSES JOBS LABOR MARKETS LABOR REALLOCATION LABOR REGULATION LABOR REGULATIONS LABOR SUPPLY LARGE CITIES LEGISLATION LOCAL BUSINESS MACROECONOMIC STABILITY MANUFACTURERS MICROENTERPRISES MIGRATION PERMANENT WORKERS POLICY MAKERS POLITICAL ECONOMY POSITIVE EXTERNALITIES PREVIOUS RESULTS PREVIOUS STUDIES PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PRIVATIZATION PRODUCTIVITY REGULATORY BURDEN SERVICE INDUSTRY SKILLED WORKER SKILLED WORKERS SMALL ENTERPRISES SMALL FIRM SMALL FIRMS TRAINING COSTS TRANSITION ECONOMIES TRANSPORT UNION MEMBERSHIP UNSKILLED LABOR URBANIZATION WAGES WORKER WORKERS agglomeration
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/11/18523268/business-environment-economic-agglomeration-job-creation-around-world http://hdl.handle.net/10986/16907

id	okr-10986-16907
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-169072021-04-23T14:03:33Z Business Environment, Economic Agglomeration and Job Creation around the World Clarke, George Li, Yue Xu, Lixin Colin ACCESS TO FOREIGN MARKETS BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT BUSINESS ENVIRONMENTS COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COST OF CAPITAL DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DOMESTIC MARKET DOMESTIC MARKETS ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMICS EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPIRICAL STUDIES EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT GROWTH EMPLOYMENT GROWTH RATE ENVIRONMENTS EXPANSION EXPORT MARKETS FIRING COSTS FIRM GROWTH FIRM LEVEL FIRM PERFORMANCE FIRM SIZE FIRM SURVEY FIRM SURVIVAL FIRMS FOREIGN OWNERSHIP FOREIGN PARTNERS FOREIGN-OWNED FIRMS HIGH WAGES HUMAN CAPITAL INFLATION INFORMAL ECONOMY INFORMAL SECTOR INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT INTERMEDIATE INPUTS INTERNATIONAL MARKETS JOB CREATION JOB LOSSES JOBS LABOR MARKETS LABOR REALLOCATION LABOR REGULATION LABOR REGULATIONS LABOR SUPPLY LARGE CITIES LEGISLATION LOCAL BUSINESS MACROECONOMIC STABILITY MANUFACTURERS MICROENTERPRISES MIGRATION PERMANENT WORKERS POLICY MAKERS POLITICAL ECONOMY POSITIVE EXTERNALITIES PREVIOUS RESULTS PREVIOUS STUDIES PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PRIVATIZATION PRODUCTIVITY REGULATORY BURDEN SERVICE INDUSTRY SKILLED WORKER SKILLED WORKERS SMALL ENTERPRISES SMALL FIRM SMALL FIRMS TRAINING COSTS TRANSITION ECONOMIES TRANSPORT UNION MEMBERSHIP UNSKILLED LABOR URBANIZATION WAGES WORKER WORKERS agglomeration Based on a comprehensive worldwide firm survey, this paper looks at how the business environment and economic agglomeration affect job creation, holding constant conventional determinants of firm growth, such as firm ownership, size, and age. The analysis finds that economic agglomeration is most important, especially modern telecommunications, access to export markets, concentration of economic activity in large cities, and capacity agglomeration (the concentration of large firms in a city). Although the business environment affects job growth less than agglomeration does, some elements of the business environment matter, such as labor flexibility, unionization, and local skill levels. There is strong heterogeneity in job creation across firm size and age. 2014-02-05T13:26:10Z 2014-02-05T13:26:10Z 2013-11 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/11/18523268/business-environment-economic-agglomeration-job-creation-around-world http://hdl.handle.net/10986/16907 English en_US Policy Research Working Paper;No. 6706 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English en_US
topic	ACCESS TO FOREIGN MARKETS BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT BUSINESS ENVIRONMENTS COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COST OF CAPITAL DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DOMESTIC MARKET DOMESTIC MARKETS ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMICS EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPIRICAL STUDIES EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT GROWTH EMPLOYMENT GROWTH RATE ENVIRONMENTS EXPANSION EXPORT MARKETS FIRING COSTS FIRM GROWTH FIRM LEVEL FIRM PERFORMANCE FIRM SIZE FIRM SURVEY FIRM SURVIVAL FIRMS FOREIGN OWNERSHIP FOREIGN PARTNERS FOREIGN-OWNED FIRMS HIGH WAGES HUMAN CAPITAL INFLATION INFORMAL ECONOMY INFORMAL SECTOR INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT INTERMEDIATE INPUTS INTERNATIONAL MARKETS JOB CREATION JOB LOSSES JOBS LABOR MARKETS LABOR REALLOCATION LABOR REGULATION LABOR REGULATIONS LABOR SUPPLY LARGE CITIES LEGISLATION LOCAL BUSINESS MACROECONOMIC STABILITY MANUFACTURERS MICROENTERPRISES MIGRATION PERMANENT WORKERS POLICY MAKERS POLITICAL ECONOMY POSITIVE EXTERNALITIES PREVIOUS RESULTS PREVIOUS STUDIES PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PRIVATIZATION PRODUCTIVITY REGULATORY BURDEN SERVICE INDUSTRY SKILLED WORKER SKILLED WORKERS SMALL ENTERPRISES SMALL FIRM SMALL FIRMS TRAINING COSTS TRANSITION ECONOMIES TRANSPORT UNION MEMBERSHIP UNSKILLED LABOR URBANIZATION WAGES WORKER WORKERS agglomeration
spellingShingle	ACCESS TO FOREIGN MARKETS BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT BUSINESS ENVIRONMENTS COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COST OF CAPITAL DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DOMESTIC MARKET DOMESTIC MARKETS ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMICS EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPIRICAL STUDIES EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT GROWTH EMPLOYMENT GROWTH RATE ENVIRONMENTS EXPANSION EXPORT MARKETS FIRING COSTS FIRM GROWTH FIRM LEVEL FIRM PERFORMANCE FIRM SIZE FIRM SURVEY FIRM SURVIVAL FIRMS FOREIGN OWNERSHIP FOREIGN PARTNERS FOREIGN-OWNED FIRMS HIGH WAGES HUMAN CAPITAL INFLATION INFORMAL ECONOMY INFORMAL SECTOR INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT INTERMEDIATE INPUTS INTERNATIONAL MARKETS JOB CREATION JOB LOSSES JOBS LABOR MARKETS LABOR REALLOCATION LABOR REGULATION LABOR REGULATIONS LABOR SUPPLY LARGE CITIES LEGISLATION LOCAL BUSINESS MACROECONOMIC STABILITY MANUFACTURERS MICROENTERPRISES MIGRATION PERMANENT WORKERS POLICY MAKERS POLITICAL ECONOMY POSITIVE EXTERNALITIES PREVIOUS RESULTS PREVIOUS STUDIES PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PRIVATIZATION PRODUCTIVITY REGULATORY BURDEN SERVICE INDUSTRY SKILLED WORKER SKILLED WORKERS SMALL ENTERPRISES SMALL FIRM SMALL FIRMS TRAINING COSTS TRANSITION ECONOMIES TRANSPORT UNION MEMBERSHIP UNSKILLED LABOR URBANIZATION WAGES WORKER WORKERS agglomeration Clarke, George Li, Yue Xu, Lixin Colin Business Environment, Economic Agglomeration and Job Creation around the World
relation	Policy Research Working Paper;No. 6706
description	Based on a comprehensive worldwide firm survey, this paper looks at how the business environment and economic agglomeration affect job creation, holding constant conventional determinants of firm growth, such as firm ownership, size, and age. The analysis finds that economic agglomeration is most important, especially modern telecommunications, access to export markets, concentration of economic activity in large cities, and capacity agglomeration (the concentration of large firms in a city). Although the business environment affects job growth less than agglomeration does, some elements of the business environment matter, such as labor flexibility, unionization, and local skill levels. There is strong heterogeneity in job creation across firm size and age.
format	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
author	Clarke, George Li, Yue Xu, Lixin Colin
author_facet	Clarke, George Li, Yue Xu, Lixin Colin
author_sort	Clarke, George
title	Business Environment, Economic Agglomeration and Job Creation around the World
title_short	Business Environment, Economic Agglomeration and Job Creation around the World
title_full	Business Environment, Economic Agglomeration and Job Creation around the World
title_fullStr	Business Environment, Economic Agglomeration and Job Creation around the World
title_full_unstemmed	Business Environment, Economic Agglomeration and Job Creation around the World
title_sort	business environment, economic agglomeration and job creation around the world
publisher	World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate	2014
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/11/18523268/business-environment-economic-agglomeration-job-creation-around-world http://hdl.handle.net/10986/16907
_version_	1764434961101750272

Business Environment, Economic Agglomeration and Job Creation around the World

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