Promoting Women's Economic Participation in India

Despite rapid economic growth, gender disparities in women's economic participation have remained deep and persistent in India. What explains these gender disparities? Is it poor infrastructure, limited education, or the composition of the lab...

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Main Authors:	Ghani, Ejaz, Kerr, William, O'Connell, Stephen D.
Format:	Brief
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2014
Subjects:	ACCESS TO EDUCATION AGGLOMERATION BENEFITS AGGLOMERATION ECONOMIES CITIES DISCRIMINATION DISTRICTS ECONOMIC BENEFITS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT EMPOWERMENT FAMILIES FEMALE FEMALE EMPLOYMENT FEMALE ENTREPRENEURS FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION FEMALE LITERACY GENDER GENDER BALANCE GENDER COMPOSITION GENDER DISPARITIES GENDER EQUALITY GENDER GAP GENDER IMBALANCES INEQUALITY INFORMAL SECTOR LABOR FORCE LABOR LAWS LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LAND TRANSPORT LITERACY LOCAL INPUT LOCAL TRANSPORT MOBILITY MOTOR VEHICLES OCCUPATIONS POACHING POPULATION DENSITY PRODUCTIVITY ROADS ROLE OF WOMEN SAFETY SANITATION SEX SEX RATIO TRANSPORT TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE TRANSPORTATION TRANSPORTATION COSTS TRAVEL TIME TRUE VILLAGES WILL
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/02/17369213/promoting-womens-economic-participation-india http://hdl.handle.net/10986/17013

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recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-170132021-04-23T14:03:33Z Promoting Women's Economic Participation in India Ghani, Ejaz Kerr, William O'Connell, Stephen D. ACCESS TO EDUCATION AGGLOMERATION BENEFITS AGGLOMERATION ECONOMIES CITIES DISCRIMINATION DISTRICTS ECONOMIC BENEFITS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT EMPOWERMENT FAMILIES FEMALE FEMALE EMPLOYMENT FEMALE ENTREPRENEURS FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION FEMALE LITERACY GENDER GENDER BALANCE GENDER COMPOSITION GENDER DISPARITIES GENDER EQUALITY GENDER GAP GENDER IMBALANCES INEQUALITY INFORMAL SECTOR LABOR FORCE LABOR LAWS LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LAND TRANSPORT LITERACY LOCAL INPUT LOCAL TRANSPORT MOBILITY MOTOR VEHICLES OCCUPATIONS POACHING POPULATION DENSITY PRODUCTIVITY ROADS ROLE OF WOMEN SAFETY SANITATION SEX SEX RATIO TRANSPORT TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE TRANSPORTATION TRANSPORTATION COSTS TRAVEL TIME TRUE VILLAGES WILL Despite rapid economic growth, gender disparities in women's economic participation have remained deep and persistent in India. What explains these gender disparities? Is it poor infrastructure, limited education, or the composition of the labor force and industries? Or is it deficiencies in social and business networks and a low share of incumbent female entrepreneurs? This note analyzes the spatial determinants of female entrepreneurship in India in the manufacturing and services sectors. It finds that good infrastructure and education predict higher female entry shares. Gender networks also influence women's economic participation, as strong agglomeration economies exist in both manufacturing and services. A higher female ownership among incumbent businesses within a district-industry predicts a greater share of subsequent female entrepreneurs. Moreover, higher female ownership of local businesses in related industries (similar labor needs, input-output markets) predicts greater relative female entry rates. Unlocking female empowerment and entrepreneurship is a direct path to shared prosperity and a more dynamic and sustainable growth. 2014-02-12T16:01:21Z 2014-02-12T16:01:21Z 2013-02 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/02/17369213/promoting-womens-economic-participation-india http://hdl.handle.net/10986/17013 English en_US Economic premise;no. 107 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Brief Publications & Research South Asia India
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English en_US
topic	ACCESS TO EDUCATION AGGLOMERATION BENEFITS AGGLOMERATION ECONOMIES CITIES DISCRIMINATION DISTRICTS ECONOMIC BENEFITS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT EMPOWERMENT FAMILIES FEMALE FEMALE EMPLOYMENT FEMALE ENTREPRENEURS FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION FEMALE LITERACY GENDER GENDER BALANCE GENDER COMPOSITION GENDER DISPARITIES GENDER EQUALITY GENDER GAP GENDER IMBALANCES INEQUALITY INFORMAL SECTOR LABOR FORCE LABOR LAWS LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LAND TRANSPORT LITERACY LOCAL INPUT LOCAL TRANSPORT MOBILITY MOTOR VEHICLES OCCUPATIONS POACHING POPULATION DENSITY PRODUCTIVITY ROADS ROLE OF WOMEN SAFETY SANITATION SEX SEX RATIO TRANSPORT TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE TRANSPORTATION TRANSPORTATION COSTS TRAVEL TIME TRUE VILLAGES WILL
spellingShingle	ACCESS TO EDUCATION AGGLOMERATION BENEFITS AGGLOMERATION ECONOMIES CITIES DISCRIMINATION DISTRICTS ECONOMIC BENEFITS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT EMPOWERMENT FAMILIES FEMALE FEMALE EMPLOYMENT FEMALE ENTREPRENEURS FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION FEMALE LITERACY GENDER GENDER BALANCE GENDER COMPOSITION GENDER DISPARITIES GENDER EQUALITY GENDER GAP GENDER IMBALANCES INEQUALITY INFORMAL SECTOR LABOR FORCE LABOR LAWS LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LAND TRANSPORT LITERACY LOCAL INPUT LOCAL TRANSPORT MOBILITY MOTOR VEHICLES OCCUPATIONS POACHING POPULATION DENSITY PRODUCTIVITY ROADS ROLE OF WOMEN SAFETY SANITATION SEX SEX RATIO TRANSPORT TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE TRANSPORTATION TRANSPORTATION COSTS TRAVEL TIME TRUE VILLAGES WILL Ghani, Ejaz Kerr, William O'Connell, Stephen D. Promoting Women's Economic Participation in India
geographic_facet	South Asia India
relation	Economic premise;no. 107
description	Despite rapid economic growth, gender disparities in women's economic participation have remained deep and persistent in India. What explains these gender disparities? Is it poor infrastructure, limited education, or the composition of the labor force and industries? Or is it deficiencies in social and business networks and a low share of incumbent female entrepreneurs? This note analyzes the spatial determinants of female entrepreneurship in India in the manufacturing and services sectors. It finds that good infrastructure and education predict higher female entry shares. Gender networks also influence women's economic participation, as strong agglomeration economies exist in both manufacturing and services. A higher female ownership among incumbent businesses within a district-industry predicts a greater share of subsequent female entrepreneurs. Moreover, higher female ownership of local businesses in related industries (similar labor needs, input-output markets) predicts greater relative female entry rates. Unlocking female empowerment and entrepreneurship is a direct path to shared prosperity and a more dynamic and sustainable growth.
format	Publications & Research :: Brief
author	Ghani, Ejaz Kerr, William O'Connell, Stephen D.
author_facet	Ghani, Ejaz Kerr, William O'Connell, Stephen D.
author_sort	Ghani, Ejaz
title	Promoting Women's Economic Participation in India
title_short	Promoting Women's Economic Participation in India
title_full	Promoting Women's Economic Participation in India
title_fullStr	Promoting Women's Economic Participation in India
title_full_unstemmed	Promoting Women's Economic Participation in India
title_sort	promoting women's economic participation in india
publisher	World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate	2014
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/02/17369213/promoting-womens-economic-participation-india http://hdl.handle.net/10986/17013
_version_	1764435192777277440

Promoting Women's Economic Participation in India

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