Child Farm Labor : The Wealth Paradox
This article is motivated by the remarkable observation that children of land-rich households are often more likely to be in work than the children of land-poor households. The vast majority of working children in developing economies are in agricu...
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| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English en_US |
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Washington, DC: World Bank
2014
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2003/05/17741964/child-farm-labor-wealth-paradox http://hdl.handle.net/10986/17177 |
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okr-10986-171772021-04-23T14:03:29Z Child Farm Labor : The Wealth Paradox Bhalotra, Sonia Heady, Christopher AGE GROUP AIDS ORPHANS BARGAINING BARGAINING POWER CAPITAL MARKETS CHILD LABOR CHILD LABOR DECLINE CHILD LABOUR CHILD WORK CHILD WORKERS CONSUMPTION SMOOTHING DEBT DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ECONOMICS EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EDUCATIONAL LEVEL ELASTICITY EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT RATES ETHNIC GROUPS EXCLUSION RESTRICTION EXOGENOUS VARIABLES EXTENDED FAMILIES FACTOR MARKETS FAMILY LABOR FEMALE LABOR FINANCIAL MARKETS FINANCIAL SERVICES HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD ENTERPRISE HOUSEHOLD ENTERPRISES HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD STRUCTURE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN CAPITAL INCOME INCOME REDISTRIBUTION INSURANCE INTEREST RATES LABOR DEMAND LABOR ECONOMICS LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET DISCRIMINATION LABOR MARKETS LABOR SHORTAGES LABOR STANDARDS LABOR SUPPLY LABOUR LABOUR MARKETS LABOUR STANDARDS LABOUR SUPPLY LAND USE LAWS LEGISLATION LIVING STANDARDS MARGINAL PRODUCTIVITY MARKET WAGE MINIMUM WAGE MORAL HAZARD OCCUPATION PARENTAL EDUCATION PERFECT MARKETS POLITICAL ECONOMY PRECEDING DISCUSSION PRESENT EVIDENCE PREVIOUS STUDIES PREVIOUS STUDY PREVIOUS WORK PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY SCHOOL PRODUCTION FUNCTION PRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENT PRODUCTIVITY PUBLIC POLICY PUBLIC TRANSPORT PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION RURAL LABOR RURAL LABOR MARKET SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOL EDUCATION SOCIAL NORMS SOCIAL PROTECTION SUBSTITUTION EFFECTS TAX UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATE WAGE EMPLOYMENT WAGE INCREASE WAGE RATE WAGES WELL-FUNCTIONING LABOR MARKET WORK ACTIVITIES WORK EXPERIENCE WORKER WORKERS WORKING CHILDREN YOUNG CHILDREN This article is motivated by the remarkable observation that children of land-rich households are often more likely to be in work than the children of land-poor households. The vast majority of working children in developing economies are in agricultural work, predominantly on farms operated by their families. Land is the most important store of wealth in agrarian societies, and it is typically distributed very unequally. These facts challenge the common presumption that child labor emerges from the poorest households. This article suggests that this apparent paradox can be explained by failures of the markets for labor and land. Credit market failure will tend to weaken the force of this paradox. These effects are modeled and estimates obtained using survey data from rural Pakistan and Ghana. The main result is that the wealth paradox persists for girls in both countries, whereas for boys it disappears after conditioning on other covariates. 2014-02-26T17:58:43Z 2014-02-26T17:58:43Z 2003-05 Journal Article http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2003/05/17741964/child-farm-labor-wealth-paradox World Bank Economic Review http://hdl.handle.net/10986/17177 English en_US CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/igo World Bank Washington, DC: World Bank Publications & Research :: Journal Article Publications & Research |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
AGE GROUP AIDS ORPHANS BARGAINING BARGAINING POWER CAPITAL MARKETS CHILD LABOR CHILD LABOR DECLINE CHILD LABOUR CHILD WORK CHILD WORKERS CONSUMPTION SMOOTHING DEBT DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ECONOMICS EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EDUCATIONAL LEVEL ELASTICITY EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT RATES ETHNIC GROUPS EXCLUSION RESTRICTION EXOGENOUS VARIABLES EXTENDED FAMILIES FACTOR MARKETS FAMILY LABOR FEMALE LABOR FINANCIAL MARKETS FINANCIAL SERVICES HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD ENTERPRISE HOUSEHOLD ENTERPRISES HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD STRUCTURE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN CAPITAL INCOME INCOME REDISTRIBUTION INSURANCE INTEREST RATES LABOR DEMAND LABOR ECONOMICS LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET DISCRIMINATION LABOR MARKETS LABOR SHORTAGES LABOR STANDARDS LABOR SUPPLY LABOUR LABOUR MARKETS LABOUR STANDARDS LABOUR SUPPLY LAND USE LAWS LEGISLATION LIVING STANDARDS MARGINAL PRODUCTIVITY MARKET WAGE MINIMUM WAGE MORAL HAZARD OCCUPATION PARENTAL EDUCATION PERFECT MARKETS POLITICAL ECONOMY PRECEDING DISCUSSION PRESENT EVIDENCE PREVIOUS STUDIES PREVIOUS STUDY PREVIOUS WORK PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY SCHOOL PRODUCTION FUNCTION PRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENT PRODUCTIVITY PUBLIC POLICY PUBLIC TRANSPORT PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION RURAL LABOR RURAL LABOR MARKET SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOL EDUCATION SOCIAL NORMS SOCIAL PROTECTION SUBSTITUTION EFFECTS TAX UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATE WAGE EMPLOYMENT WAGE INCREASE WAGE RATE WAGES WELL-FUNCTIONING LABOR MARKET WORK ACTIVITIES WORK EXPERIENCE WORKER WORKERS WORKING CHILDREN YOUNG CHILDREN |
| spellingShingle |
AGE GROUP AIDS ORPHANS BARGAINING BARGAINING POWER CAPITAL MARKETS CHILD LABOR CHILD LABOR DECLINE CHILD LABOUR CHILD WORK CHILD WORKERS CONSUMPTION SMOOTHING DEBT DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ECONOMICS EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EDUCATIONAL LEVEL ELASTICITY EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT RATES ETHNIC GROUPS EXCLUSION RESTRICTION EXOGENOUS VARIABLES EXTENDED FAMILIES FACTOR MARKETS FAMILY LABOR FEMALE LABOR FINANCIAL MARKETS FINANCIAL SERVICES HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD ENTERPRISE HOUSEHOLD ENTERPRISES HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD STRUCTURE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN CAPITAL INCOME INCOME REDISTRIBUTION INSURANCE INTEREST RATES LABOR DEMAND LABOR ECONOMICS LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET DISCRIMINATION LABOR MARKETS LABOR SHORTAGES LABOR STANDARDS LABOR SUPPLY LABOUR LABOUR MARKETS LABOUR STANDARDS LABOUR SUPPLY LAND USE LAWS LEGISLATION LIVING STANDARDS MARGINAL PRODUCTIVITY MARKET WAGE MINIMUM WAGE MORAL HAZARD OCCUPATION PARENTAL EDUCATION PERFECT MARKETS POLITICAL ECONOMY PRECEDING DISCUSSION PRESENT EVIDENCE PREVIOUS STUDIES PREVIOUS STUDY PREVIOUS WORK PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY SCHOOL PRODUCTION FUNCTION PRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENT PRODUCTIVITY PUBLIC POLICY PUBLIC TRANSPORT PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION RURAL LABOR RURAL LABOR MARKET SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOL EDUCATION SOCIAL NORMS SOCIAL PROTECTION SUBSTITUTION EFFECTS TAX UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATE WAGE EMPLOYMENT WAGE INCREASE WAGE RATE WAGES WELL-FUNCTIONING LABOR MARKET WORK ACTIVITIES WORK EXPERIENCE WORKER WORKERS WORKING CHILDREN YOUNG CHILDREN Bhalotra, Sonia Heady, Christopher Child Farm Labor : The Wealth Paradox |
| description |
This article is motivated by the
remarkable observation that children of land-rich households
are often more likely to be in work than the children of
land-poor households. The vast majority of working children
in developing economies are in agricultural work,
predominantly on farms operated by their families. Land is
the most important store of wealth in agrarian societies,
and it is typically distributed very unequally. These facts
challenge the common presumption that child labor emerges
from the poorest households. This article suggests that this
apparent paradox can be explained by failures of the markets
for labor and land. Credit market failure will tend to
weaken the force of this paradox. These effects are modeled
and estimates obtained using survey data from rural Pakistan
and Ghana. The main result is that the wealth paradox
persists for girls in both countries, whereas for boys it
disappears after conditioning on other covariates. |
| format |
Journal Article |
| author |
Bhalotra, Sonia Heady, Christopher |
| author_facet |
Bhalotra, Sonia Heady, Christopher |
| author_sort |
Bhalotra, Sonia |
| title |
Child Farm Labor : The Wealth Paradox |
| title_short |
Child Farm Labor : The Wealth Paradox |
| title_full |
Child Farm Labor : The Wealth Paradox |
| title_fullStr |
Child Farm Labor : The Wealth Paradox |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Child Farm Labor : The Wealth Paradox |
| title_sort |
child farm labor : the wealth paradox |
| publisher |
Washington, DC: World Bank |
| publishDate |
2014 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2003/05/17741964/child-farm-labor-wealth-paradox http://hdl.handle.net/10986/17177 |
| _version_ |
1764433226071277568 |